城市枢纽与片区融合协同设计方案研究

随着城市的不断建设发展和人群的不断聚集,原有的片区综合交通设施难以满足城市当下的发展和片区在城市中的定位,需要将其改造成为大型综合交通枢纽。本文对公共交通导向开发(TOD)模式在公共轨道交通站点规划建设中的经验进行总结,提出在应用中存在的问题,综合考虑民众生活质量,并基于TOD模式提出以生活质量为导向的发展理念(QOD理念),探究其具有的3个特征;同时以深圳黄木岗枢纽为例,从道路轨道交通、慢行系统、枢纽造型与地下立体空间、片区动静结合4个对城市枢纽与片区融合方面的阐述,解释QOD理念在具体设计中的应用,并为同类城市枢纽综合体设计、建设以及枢纽与周边片区的融合协同发展提供参考。     

TOD模式在福州市的应用浅析

以较小的资源投入、较小的环境代价,最大可能的满足日益增长的交通需求,这一可持续发展城市交通系统的目标决定了从长远看必须建设以公共交通为主体的城市综合交通运输体系,TOD模式是实现以公共交通为主体的城市综合交通系统的重要途径.本文简要介绍了TOD模式的概念、特征及其发展概况,并系统分析了公交引导城市发展的模式(TOD)在福州市区中的应用。     

轨道交通TOD开发密度分区构建及容积率确定——以深圳市轨道交通3号线为例

为满足轨道交通站点周边土地开发的需要、形成TOD的发展格局,从站点类型和开发圈层两个层面构建站点周边土地开发的密度分区制度,制定一套适用于不同类别地区的开发强度标准,作为土地开发容积率的控制准则。依据车站功能定位将车站划分为综合站点和一般站点两种发展区域类型;利用非参数统计学的局部线性回归法对地价和地块距站点距离两个参量进行拟合,确定轨道交通影响半径,进而将站点周边划分为三个圈层,300m以内为高密度复合开发区,300～600m之间为中密度开发区,600～1000m之间为低密度开发区,开发强度随用地与车站距离的增加而递减,商业开发应尽量建于核心圈层。应用经济学原理分析土地开发强度与开发利润的关系,分析结果表明,存在使土地开发利润最大的最佳容积率;以政府利润最大化为优化目标,构建土地开发强度优化模型,并进行敏感性分析;利用深圳市轨道交通3号线沿线住宅售价和建造成本测算了各密度分区的最佳开发强度。     

TOD背景下轨道交通站点周边土地开发与利用研究——以徐州市1号线韩山站为例

本文基于对城市轨道交通与站点周边土地利用基本理论的深入理解,探讨分析TOD交通发展模式中站点周边城市空间及用地性质的最优化设计,以实现空间的集约利用,并以徐州市1号线韩山站为例进行站点周边土地开发与利用分析,在分析总结的基础上提出TOD背景下轨道交通站点周边土地开发与利用研究相关可行性建议,以期对于工程实践有一定指导作用。     

轨道交通沿线土地利用变化对其客运需求的影响分析——以苏州市城市轨道交通1号线为例

在分析目前国内城市轨道交通与土地利用之间存在问题的基础上,以苏州市城市轨道交通1号线为例,借鉴香港“地铁＋物业”轨道发展经验,通过优化轨道交通沿线土地利用布局和开发强度,实践轨道交通TOD开发模式。基于苏州市城市土地利用优化前后的布局方案,建立城市轨道交通需求预测模型获得轨道交通1号线客运量与沿线人口、总建筑面积、詹住建筑面积、商业建筑面积的相关性,探索轨道交通沿线土地利用变化对其客运量的影响规律。     

上海市轨道交通发展与公共交通运输导向开发区简介

上海城市轨道交通站点地区土地规划、核心商圈的形成、交通换乘等方面已逐渐呈现出了公共交通运输导向开发区的特点 ,其思想已在潜移默化中得以发展运用。从而引出了公共交通运输导向开发区 (Transit orientedDevelopment)的概念 ,并对公共交通运输导向开发区所应具备的特质进行介绍。     

Exceptional pattern of extreme rainfall variability at urban centre of Addis Ababa,Ethiopia

This paper examines the long-term historical changes in frequency and amplitude of rainfall extremes in two very close stations of Addis Ababa, the Addis Ababa Observatory (AAO) and Addis Ababa Bole (AAB) records including some surrounding measurements using the second half of 20^th century data. The method used to examine trends and oscillatory patterns is the quantile perturbation method, especially designed for extreme conditions. The result shows that the Addis Ababa Observatory (AAO) shows an exceptionally increasing trend in its extreme events while the rest of the stations show an oscillating pattern. Exceptional behaviour at AAO is also noticed from unique global climatic indices. Both Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Southern Oscillation Index are opposed to other stations. A possible reason for the increasing trend is linked with the growing urbanization that has been occurring in Addis Ababa city in the past decades. Nevertheless the variability of AAO rainfall extremes is within the uncertainty range that indicates natural variability. Although the change may not be severe at present, it is important to note the increasing trend to avoid serious consequences in the future.     

Transit-oriented development in a high-density city: Identifying its association with transit ridership in Seoul, Korea

This study determines whether transit-oriented development (TOD) planning factors identified from western case studies can be applied to the city of Seoul, Korea, which is characteristic of dense development. The authors illustrate the distributional patterns and characteristics of planning factors such as transit supply service, land use, street network and urban design at each rail station area. To identify effects of TOD planning factors upon the transit ridership at the targeted 214 rail station areas in Seoul, the study develops multiple regression models for transit ridership, which are differentiated at the levels of time of day, day of the week, and transit mode at the respective rail station areas. The analysis results suggest that TOD planning factors can have a significant positive impact in forming a transit-oriented city. They also indicate that some TOD planning factors, compared to low-density cities in Western countries, need to be carefully applied towards Seoul in order to achieve the objective of regenerating a transit-oriented city. In summary, rather than focusing mainly on increasing development density, it is necessary to concentrate more on such strategies as strengthening the transit service network, increasing the land-use mix index, and restructuring the street networks and urban design to be more pedestrian friendly around rail stations.     

探索适合中国特征的TOD开发模式——以深圳市地铁深大站站点地区TOD开发为例

根据中国特定的国情背景,T0D对中国城市发展的借鉴价值主要在于“交通与土地使用整合”和“公共交通优先”两大内涵.深圳市地铁深大站站点地区的开发探讨了TOD理论和方法转化成操作性措施、切实完成站点地区有效开发的问题,由此总结出TOD中国化实践的三个关键问题为:整体统筹的规划观念、接驳细节的设计及沟通协调机制的建立.     

"轨道主导"型TOD:南京城市轨道交通可持续发展的支点

本文基于对“轨道主导”型TOD内涵及其模型的分析,指出其政策含义及对城市轨道交通可持续发展的支点作用,并提出了建立促进南京实旌“轨道主导”型TOD开发的类型及机制的设想。     

从“树形”到“互动网络”——公交引导下的村镇社区空间发展模式初探

公共交通导向(TOD)的村镇社区空间发展模式,是基于东部沿海平原省份城乡公路与道路网络较为发达的地域特性,通过选择性地建设设置公交站点的"城镇型社区",形成网络化互动连接的城乡公交体系及公共服务设施体系,进而触发城乡要素流动、优化公共服务,改变传统发展动力自上而下的树形结构模式。通过对德州市临邑县村镇体系规划的实践研究,发现TOD村镇社区空间发展模式能够在依托地域需求、服务政府决策、优化规划模式和改善功能结构等方面为我国的新农村规划建设提供参考。     

小议TOD策略在我国特大城市的适用性

针对城市空间拓展与交通需求增加之间存在显著矛盾的问题,指出TOD策略用公共交通引导城市空间发展可以较好的解决这些问题,对特大城市TOD策略的适用性进行了分析,并对特大城市实施TOD策略提出了相关建议。     

邻里单元模式在生态社区规划中的运用

邻里单元模式是与TOD相适应的社区组织模式,其通过功能混合与步行距离的控制,从规划层面解决居民日常生活中对于公共服务的需求,从根本上减少居民的出行需求;同时,通过基本单元的自我增殖与TOD模式的土地利用方式相衔接,在实现土地价值最大化的同时,也使得居民与外界的交通更加便利,有利于促进复合、低碳和宜居的生态社区的形成。     

基于TOD的西安城市公共交通发展战略

在发展可持续交通的需求下,针对西安市的城市交通现状,提出了轨道主导型TOD策略,并分析了轨道主导型TOD对城市布局的影响,基于TOD的城市布局对西安市交通的优化作用,最后阐述了以轨道交通为主体的公共交通一体化战略。     

公共交通与郊区购物中心

伴随着新城市主义和区域城市理论的提出,快捷便利的公共交通和轨道交通在城市交通中的地位日渐显著,在沟通城市中心区与郊区方面发挥了重要的作用。在这种背景下,郊区购物中心改变完全依赖小汽车的状况,利用公共交通的易达性、集客力和公共交通引导型开发（TOD）的基本客流,将拥有更广阔的发展前景。     

TOD策略在中国城市的引介历程

该文基于对中国知网1990年以来的TOD（Transit-Oriented Development）相关文献进行统计梳理,分析近20年来我国在轨道交通和土地利用方面研究的学术轨迹,总结TOD策略在我国城市的引介历程,对TOD策略在我国本土化研究方面进行相关解析与展望。     

Measuring the built environment of green transit-oriented development: A factor-cluster analysis of rail station areas in Singapore

Green transit-oriented development (TOD) is an evolution of the TOD theory, influenced by sustainable development and green urbanism. This advancement expands the environmental and ecological dimensions of conventional TOD. However, relevant research has only just started, particularly in combination with high-density cities in Asia. This study measures the built environment of Green TOD and identifies the key factors and characteristics of the Green TOD built environment. An evaluation method for the Green TOD built environment is developed on the basis of the 5D (density, diversity, design, destination, and distance) built environment framework and combined with green urbanism theories. Data from 23 rail station areas in Singapore were collected and analyzed using factor and cluster analysis. Five factors, namely, neighborhood spatial form factor, facility completeness factor, open space factor, high-density mixed land-use factor, and walking amenity factor, are extracted. Twenty-three station areas are classified into five clusters. The characteristics and optimization strategies of each cluster are analyzed on the basis of the statistical and graphical analyses. This research displays the characteristics and typology of the Green TOD built environment in an empirical way and offers a foundation for further research in diverse urban contexts.     

对高铁客站综合交通枢纽地区规划与建设的思考

近年来,我国高铁发展迅速,各地陆续兴建高铁车站,并把车站地区的发展作为所在城市的重要增长极。高铁客站是一个城市的形象窗口,因此它的规划和建设要体现科学发展观。该文从"TOD模式"理论出发,引出了"ROD模式",说明了以高铁枢纽而拉动的地区开发建设符合"TOD模式",并说明了我国现代高铁枢纽地区的定位和功能,最后说明了基于"ROD模式"和地区定位的枢纽地区规划建设的原则。     

TOD模式在城市综合体项目中的应用效益评价

运用TOD理念进行城市综合体开发,是实现城市发展、项目盈利和公众利益三方共赢的良好契机。为衡量TOD在城市综合体项目中的应用效益,在提取科研文献、政策文本和实践经验要点的基础上,从项目开发水平、交通系统水平、公共品质水平和社会文化效益4个方面建立了TOD模式在城市综合体项目中的应用效益评价体系。选取具体案例进行实证研究,问卷调查结果显示功能多样性、业态配比等指标得分较高,而步行/骑行环境等指标得分较低;深入访谈得出了相似的结论。并采用主成分分析法计算指标权重,从前期规划、物业规划、公共空间与配套、交通组织4个方面提出对于应用TOD模式进行综合体开发的策略建议。     

Using Micro-Level Data to Evaluate Infrastructure of the Walking Environment Around Bus Rapid Transit Stations:A Case Study of Xiamen,China

China has experienced rapid car-oriented suburbanization during the past decades and is facing emerging challenges such as traffic congestion,air pollution,and even health threats.Learning from North American cities,Chinese cities have started adopting and implementing a Transit-Oriented Development(TOD) strategy,which encourages the transit ridership and walking trips by creating a pedestrian-friendly urban environment.Although much research has examined the walking environment in various neighborhoods or communities,few existing studies have examined the walking environment around transit stations,especially using micro-level data,such as walking infrastructure variables.This research chooses several infrastructure variables that are critical for pedestrians to investigate the walking environment around stations of the Bus Rapid Transit(BRT) No.1 Line in Xiamen City,China.This study defines a half mile buffer centered on each station as the spatial unit of analysis.The Geographic Information System(GIS) and field audits are employed to measure the characteristics of the infrastructure for pedestrians in each spatial unit of analysis.The results of this analysis can help assess the existing conditions of the infrastructure for pedestrians in each station area,which might need to be added or improved.The findings will not only provide empirical support for improving TODs in Xiamen,but also offer a lesson on how areas around transit stations could be retrofitted to improve the pedestrian environment.