实华开推出“网桥”系列软件

由实华开通信有限公司与国家信息中心数据库专家及联通实华开信息系统工程有限公司组成的攻关小组共同攻关，研制开发的实华开“网桥”系列软件近日问世。该系列软件通过将传多年的传统数据库可以真正变“活”，在“网桥”软件支持下，直接与Internet联网进行信息服务，以实现真正的社会价值与经济效益。据介绍：数据库数据在Internet上应用，是国际上最先进的技术之一。“网桥”软件的出现不仅使得用户不需要投入任何设备和资金就可完成局部数据库与Internet的勾通，而且也填补了中国传统数据库与In－ternet联网的空白，在Internet界面上…     

浅谈EDGE在桥梁检测数据无线传输中的应用

随着通信技术的不断发展,数据传输部分将采集终端送上来的状态信息按照网络协议通过Internet网络传送给远端控制中心的客户机,从而实现了工业现场数据实时上网,监测人员在任何时间、任何能接入Internet的地点都可以浏览到现场数据。文章在详细分析了桥梁检测系统的结构特点基础之上,对系统结构及实现方案进行了深入分析,提出了EDGE网络与Internet网络结合进行实时无线通信的可行性方案分析。     

电网调度自动化系统技术探讨

随着计算机硬件技术、通信技术、数据唪技术、Internet技术的发展，电网调度系统涌现了大量应用新技术，其中包括国际流行的CORBA中间件平台技术、公用信息模块（CIM）技术、可视化技术、电力市场交易与安全分析一体化的技术、Internet信息服务技术等。新一代电网调度自动化系统应满足国际标准，兼具开发性与扩展性，并符合未来电网调度自动化系统安全生产和经济调度的需求。本文对电网调度自动化系统技术现状和发展趋势进行探讨，对新一代电网调度自动化系统的未来需求和发展方向进行了有益的探索。     

小水桶里的大海洋（二）——数据中心的建设——IDC机房与IDC机房布线系统

1数据中心技术与标准 1．1数据中心的技术发展 数据中心IDC（Internet Data Center．互联网数据中心）从第一代专门提供托管服务，发展到以电子商务和增值服务为核心的第二代IDC，现在正向着融合数据、语音等多种服务，提供模块化服务的第三代发展。     

适应信息时代的需要—论城市规划、建设与管理信息化的发展趋势

上期连载内容1 城市信息化与信息高速公路、空间数据基础设施建设1.1 “要想富，先修路”的诠释1.2 城市规划、建设与管理信息化的支撑平台 ——信息高速公路和空间数据基础设施建设2 城市规划、建设与管理信息化的技术现状与趋势2.1 城市地理信息系统发展的现状和趋势2.2 “数字地球”和“数字城市”的发展现状和趋势2.3 数据库、网络及电子商务技术的现状和趋势2.3.1 数据库技术过去10年中，数据库技术取得了长足的发展，主要包括查询优化、对象关系数据库系统、数据复制和数据并行处理等。由于Web和Internet的出现，人们有可能很容易地…     

“数据挖掘技术”带来了什么？

随着计算机技术、网络技术、通讯技术、Internet技术的迅速发展和电子商务、办公自动化、管理信息系统、Internet的普及等,建材企业业务操作流程日益自动化,企业经营过程中产生了的大量的数据,这些数据和由此产生的信息是企业的宝贵财富,它如实地记录着企业经营的本质状况。但是面对如此海量的数据,传统的数据分析方法如数据检索、统计分析等只能获得数据的表层信息,不能获得其内在的、深层次的信息,管理者面临着数据丰富而知识贫乏的困境。如何从这些数据中挖掘出对建材企业经营决策有用的知识是非常重要的,数据挖掘便是适应这种需要应运…     

基于Internet的专家系统在环境保护中的应用

简单介绍了Internet技术和人工智能领域的专家系统技术，分析了环境保护专家系统结构模型设计，阐述了该系统的特点，并探讨了如何将Internet技术和专家系统相结合应用到环境保护中去，以解决人类环境上的难题。     

VPN技术在校园局域网中的应用

如今网络技术在日常生活中的应用范围越来越广,怎样确保网络内部数据安全成为目前网络应用领域的一大难题,VPN(虚拟专用网络)可以为用户创建隧道通过互联网或者是Internet,并能提供和专用网络同样的功能和安全保障,VPN技术是利用隧道技术、身份认证、加密等方法,在公共网络或Internet上创建专用网络技术,数据信息可以通过安全的"加密管道"在Internet中进行传播。主要介绍的是VPN技术的特点,同时还要达到使用VPN(虚拟专用网络)实现不同的组件和资源之间的相互连接,不仅如此,我们还要通过VPN技术实现各分校区与本部校区局域网互联,共享数据资源,实现各分校区与本部校区网络资源的优化管理和教师校外移动办公的目的。除此之外,在校园网中应用VPN技术不仅成本低且安全有效。     

WebGIS解决方案新探

在WebGIS技术日新月异的今天，本文从GIS系统的性能特点入手，讨论了当今较为流行的主要WebGIS技术的机理及实例软件，并用发展的观点透析了现在日趋流行的XML技术对WebGIS技术，甚至对整个Internet应用的影响。     

物联网应用于智能家居

本文首先阐述了物联网概念,介绍了物联网包含的传感技术、网络通信、数据融合和处理三大主要技术。而后深入剖析利用物联网,将房屋各种内部设施与传感器、Internet网络整合为统一的基础设施。在此意义上,这些设施被Internet网络互联起来,进行信息交换和通信,以实现智能化识别、跟踪、监控和管理。     

浙江省燕山期花岗岩化学元素丰度及特征

本研究从浙江省87个燕山期花岗岩体中系统采集了189件样品,采用等离子体光谱法等11种分析方法,获得了Ag、As、Au、B、Ba、Be、Bi、Br、Cd、Cl、Co、Cr、Cs、Cu、F、Ga、Ge、Hf、Hg、I、In、Li、Mn、Mo、N、Nb、Ni、P、Pb、Rb、S、Sb、Sc、Se、Sn、Sr、Ta、Te、Th、Ti、Tl、U、V、W、Zn、Zr、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Y、SiO₂、Al₂O₃、TFe₂O₃、MgO、CaO、K₂O、Na₂O共68项主量、微量、稀土元素值以及TC、pH的实测数据,计算了扬子板块东缘与华南造山带燕山期花岗岩的化学元素丰度。岩石地球化学特征显示,这些花岗岩为高硅、富碱、弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性花岗岩,具有较强的Eu负异常,富集Rb、Th、U、K,亏损Sr、Ba、P、Ti、Nb、Ta等元素的特征,其普遍富铝和低MgO含量的岩石化学特征,指示它们的岩浆源区以壳源为主。     

住区水环境生态建设探讨

住区水环境生态建设是住宅和住区生态建设的有机组成部分,其总原则是整体、协调、自生、循环。在结构上耦合多个环节,从给排水工程到水生态工程,系统调度与整合雨水、地下水、上水　、中水、下水、地表水、废弃水、景观水等,以给水排水、调节水文、水体自净、供养生物、保障生物质的生产、维护生物多样性,促进营养盐和有机质循环,吸尘、减噪,防减热岛效应,活化生境、美化景观和净化环境,为居民提供游憩、休闲娱乐等多种服务功能。     

Trace metals in Shatt al-Arab River,Iraq

The distribution of 10 trace metals Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn have been determined along the northern section of the Shatt al-Arab River, Iraq. Analyses were carried out, employing a flameless AAS instrument. The mean concentrations of the dissolved species were as follows (expressed in μg l^?1): 0.25 Cd, 0.9 Cu, 716 Fe, 1.3 Mn, 0.3 Pb, 0.2 V and 1.8 Zn. Mean concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in the particulate matter were 55.2, 6.0, 188, 77, 31 472, 1731, 3807, 93, 207 and 77 μg g^?1 respectively. In the exchangeable fraction of the sediment were 0.15, 5.5, 11.1, 11.9, 1625, 482, 42, 30.5, 25.7 and 6 μg g^?1, whereas in the residual were 0.025, 11.5, 96.1, 22, 5176, 258, 613, 3.9, 162 and 56.8 μg g^?1 respectively. Thus, the exchangeable trace metals represent the following mean percentage of the total; 75% Cd, 33% Co, 10% Cr, 34% Cu, 24% Fe, 63% Mn, 7% Ni, 74% Pb, 14% V and 23% Zn. The concentration of Ni and V were relatively high, this was attributed to the petroleum-rich deposits of the region. The concentrations observed for other metals were lower or equal to those reported for control sites except for Pb which was slightly higher. The data obtained were subjected to simple linear regression analysis and expressed in the form of correlation coefficients. It was found that the inter-elemental relationships are rather complex.     

Book reviews

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCTS, by Haus‐child, Michael and Henrik, Wenzel, Volume 2: Scientific background, 1998, Chapman and Hall, London, ISBN 0 412 808102, 1999, 565 pp. (£85.00).

GLOBAL WARMING THE HARD SCIENCE, by L. D. Danny Harvey, 2000, Pearson Education Harlow, UK, ISBN 0582 38167 3, 336 pp. (£18.99).

CLIMATE AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE, by L. D. Danny Harvey, 2000, Pearson Education Harlow, UK, ISBN 0582 32261 8, 240 pp. (£ 14.99).

THE PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF AFRICA, edited by William M. Adams, Andrew S. Goudie and Antony R. Orme, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999, ISBN 0–19–828875–1 (£19.99).

THE HUMAN IMPACT ON THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, by Andrew Goudie, Blackwell, Oxford, 2000, 511pp. (Hbk £60, Pbk £ 17.99).

THE KYOTO PROTOCOL: A GUIDE AND ASSESSMENT, by Michael Grubb, Christian Vrolijk and Duncan Brack, Earthscan, London, 1999 (Hbk, £45; Pbk, £18.95).

FAIR WEATHER: EQUITY CONCERNS IN CLIMATE CHANGE, edited by Ferenc Toth, Earthscan, London, 1999, 224 pp. (Pbk, £16.95).

THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT: INSTITUTIONS, LAW AND POLICY, edited by Norman Vig and Regina Axelrod, Earthscan, London, 1999, 352 pp. (Pbk, £20).

AVIATION AND THE GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE, INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1999 (Hbk, £60; Pbk, £24.95).

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY, by Alan Scragg, Longman, London, 1999. ISBN: 0 582 27682 9, ix + 249 pp., index (£ 22.00).

GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS: THE ETHICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES, by Ian Kennedy et al, Nuffield Council on Bioethics, London, 2000, ISBN; 0 9522701 4 5 (£20).

SAFE MANAGEMENT OF WASTES FROM HEALTH‐CARE ACTIVITIES, edited by A. Priiss, E. Giroult and P. Rushbrook, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1999, xiv +230 pp., ISBN 94 2 154525 9(564.80).

POLICIES FOR CLEANER TECHNOLOGY, by A. Clayton, G. Spinardi and R. Williams, Earthscan, UK, 1999, ISBN: 1 85383 519 6 x +310 pp., index (Pbk, £ 16.95).     

Effect of posture on the heat transfer areas of the human body

The purpose of this paper is to measure the heat transfer areas of the human body and to examine the effect of posture on these values, which is necessary data for calculating heat exchange between the human body and its environment. The total surface area of a subject's body was measured directly. Then, the convective heat transfer area, radiative heat transfer area and conductive heat transfer area were measured for the same subject in 9 postures: standing, chair sitting, seiza sitting, cross-legged sitting, sideways sitting, both-knees-erect sitting, legs-out sitting, lateral position and supine. The ratios of the radiative heat transfer area, convective heat transfer area ratio and conductive heat transfer area to body surface area were as follows: Standing, 0.942, 0.773, 0.013; chair sitting, 0.910, 0.732, 0.008; seiza sitting, 0.853, 0.621, 0.013; cross-legged sitting, 0.843, 0.606, 0.029; sideways sitting, 0.877, 0.634, 0.030; both-knees-erect sitting, 0.865, 0.609, 0.023; legs-out sitting, 0.878, 0.686, 0.038; lateral position, 0.879, 0.712, 0.039; and supine, 0.811, 0.708, 0.100. Posture was shown to have a noticeable effect on the heat transfer areas of the human body.     

Book reviews

BASICS OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE, PRESERVING THE LEGACY, edited by Debra K. Nims, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA, pp. 365 + xii, 1999 (Soft.Cover, £32.50)

UNDERSTANDING OUR ENVIRONMENT, AN INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY, — THIRD EDITION, edited by R. M. Harrison, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom, pp. 445 + xvi (Soft Cover, £19.95)

THE CHEMISTRY OF FRAGRANCES, RSC PAPERBACKS, compiled by David H. Pybus and Charles S. Sell, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom, pp. 276 + xvi, 1999 (Soft Cover, £16.95).

POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT, RSC PAPERBACKS, by Gerald Scott, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom, pp. 132 + xii, 1999 (no price given)

AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY, PROPERTIES, BEHAVIOR, AND THE MEASUREMENT OF AIRBORNE PARTICLES, by William C. Hinds, Wiley‐Interscience, New York, USA, pp. 483+ xx, 1998, second edition (£58.50)

REGULATING CHEMICAL ACCUMULATION IN THE ENVIRONMENT THE INTEGRATION OF TOXICOLOGY AND ECONOMIC POLICY‐MAKING, edited by Timothy Swanson and Marco Vighi, Cambridge University Press, pp. 278 + xxi, 1998 (Hard Cover, US$74.95)

INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA 200, COPPER, Inter‐organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 360 + xxii, 1998 (US$64.00)

EARTH AT A CROSSROADS. PATHS TO A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE by H. Bossel, CUP, Cambridge, 1998, 338 pp. ($59.95 Hbk; $19.95 Pbk).

UNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION by M. K. Hill. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997, 316 pp. ($69.96 Hbk; $27,95 Pbk).

ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT. APPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES, edited by M. S. Boyce and A. Haney; New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1997, 361 pp. (Hbk £30; Pbk £12.95).

PRESERVING NATURE IN THE NATIONAL PARKS. A HISTORY, by R. W. Sellars. London and New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999, 380 pp. (£30.00 Hbk; £9.95 Pbk).

VECTOR CONTROL, Methods for use by individuals and communities, prepared by Jan A Rozendaal, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1997, xiii + 410 pp., index ($118.80).

AIR POLLUTION AND HEALTH (No. 10 in “Issues in Environmental Science and Technology"), edited by R. E. Heston and R. M. Harrison, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1998, xi + 129 pp., index (£22.50).

GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, edited by B. Eliasson, P. Riemer and A. Wokaun, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1999, 1095 pp. ($255, Hbk).     

山西省“十四五”发展智慧公路解决方案分析

围绕公路建设,利用新工具、新技术、新模式,打造公路建设基础设施和交通运行状态数字化监测体系,基于大数据的公路管理辅助决策体系与数据综合分析,从成本控制、质量控制、安全控制,信息管理、合同管理、采购管理、资金管理、信息安全、决策分析、运维保障等多维度打造领先实用、可推广、可落地的智慧公路方案,起到了大大提高公路交通的高效性、安全性、便捷性、绿色性的目的。     

Reviews

GARDENS OF PARADISE: THE HISTORY AND DESIGN OF THE GREAT ISLAMIC GARDENS, John Brookes, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1987, 239 pp, £20.00

THE LANDSCAPE OF MAN, Geoffrey and Susan Jellicoe, Revised and enlarged edition, Thames and Hudson, 1987, £12.95 (P/B).

Hugh Prince, Department of Geography, University College, London.

THE MODERN URBAN LANDSCAPE, Edward Relph, London, Croom Helm, 1987, 279 pp, 0-7099-4270-2.

PLANNING PARKS FOR PEOPLE by John Hultsman, Richard A. Cottrell, and Wendy Zales-Hultsman. Venture Publishing Inc., State College, PA. 16803, USA, 1987 and by Spon, £32.50, 310 pp, 0-419-14400-5.

THE COUNTRY PARISH, Anthony Russell, SPCK, London, 1986, 296 pp, 0-281-04214-4, £9.50 (P/B).     

Reviews

THE LAKE DISTRICT SPECIAL PLANNING BOARD, 1974-1986: SOME FINANCIAL ASPECTS by Ian O. Brodie, Department of Geography, University of Lancaster, Occasional Paper, January 1987, 90 pages.

ANCIENT PLACES: THE PREHISTORIC AND CELTIC SITES OF BRITAIN. Glyn Daniel and Paul Bahn; photography by Anthony Gascoigne. Constable & Co. Ltd., London. 1987. 180 pp. £14.95.

REFLECTIONS ON LANDSCAPE; THE LIVES AND WORK OF SIX BRITISH LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS Edited by Sheila Harvey for the Landscape Institute, Published by Gower Technical Press, 1987, pp. 168, £25.00

CITIES OF THE MIND: IMAGES AND THEMES OF THE CITY IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES, Lloyd Rodwin and Robert M. Hollister (Eds.), Plenum Press, 1984, 356 pp, $35.00.

FOUNTAINS AND POOLS: CONSTRUCTION AND GUIDE-LINES AND SPECIFICATIONS, C. Douglas Aurand, E. & F. N. Spon, 1987, £28.50.

A LITERARY PILGRIM. AN ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO BRITAIN'S LITERARY HERITAGE, by Edward Thomas. Edited with an Introduction by Michael Justin Davis, with photographs by Simon McBride, Webb & Bower, 1985, pp. 224, £12.95.

TURNER IN THE SOUTH, ROME, NAPLES, FLORENCE by Cecilia Powell, Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art by Yale University Press, New Haven and London 1987, pp. 216, 40 colour plates, 180 black and white plates, £25.00

THE VISUAL ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE by John A. Jakle, University of Massachusetts Press, 1987, 200 pp, £33.25 (HB), £14.25 (PB), distributed by Eurospan, 8 Henrietta Street, London.

LANDSCAPE PLANNING, by Tom Turner, Hutchinson Educational, 1987, 212 pp, £27.50.

THE CITY AS A WORK OF ART. LONDON, PARIS, VIENNA, Donald J. Olsen, Yale University Press, New Haven and • London, 1986, 341 pp, £19.95.

BEECHWORTH: AN AUSTRALIAN COUNTRY TOWN AND ITS PAST, Tom Griffiths, Greenhouse Publications (385 Bridge Road, Richmond, Victoria, Australia), 1987, 128 pp, 87 illus., A$19.95.

GENTRIFICATION OF THE CITY, Neil Smith & Peter Williams (Eds.), Allen and Unwin, Boston, 1986 xiii + 257 pp.

LANDSCAPE & CULTURE: GEOGRAPHICAL & ARCHAEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES, J. M. Wagstaff (Ed.), Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1987, 233 pp, £29.50 (H/B), £9.95 (P/B).

LANDSCAPE AND IDEOLOGY: THE ENGLISH RUSTIC TRADITION, 1740-1860, Ann Bermingham, Thames and Hudson, 1987, 254 pp, 8 illusts, 8 colour plates, ISBN 0-500-23481-7, £25.

AQUATECTURE: ARCHITECTURE AND WATER, Anthony Wylson, Architectural Press, 1986, 216 pp., £39.50.     

ICP-MS法测定不同品种黑莓果实中矿质元素含量

采用微波消解,ICP-MS法分析美洲黑莓、高大黑莓、无刺黑莓、葡萄叶莓、榆叶黑莓、裂叶黑莓、沙黑莓、甜黑莓、扬基莓、罗甘莓等10种不同品种黑莓果实中18种矿质元素Al、Ba、Ca、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Li、Mg、Mn、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、S和Zn的含量,并应用聚类分析方法对测定结果进行分析。结果表明:该方法的相对标准偏差在1. 2%～4. 9%(n=3)之间,加标回收率在96. 1%～101. 7%之间。不同品种的黑莓中K、P、S、Ca、Mg,Na含量较高; Fe、Mn、Zn含量次之;有潜在生理毒性的元素Al、Cr、Pb的含量较低。从聚类树状图上可知,10种黑莓可聚类为2类。裂叶黑莓和扬基莓、葡萄叶莓和沙黑莓、甜黑莓和罗甘莓均表现出较高的相似性,都可聚为一类,这显示其品质的稳定性。此结果为实现黑莓的合理营养施肥和优质高效生产提供理论依据和技术支持。