多轴应力下混凝土的强度和破坏准则研究

本文总结了作者完成的混凝土二轴和三轴拉压强度试验的全部数据,其中包括三轴拉/压/压和拉/拉/压试件45个;分析了不同应力状态下混凝土强度的变化规律;归纳了五种典型破坏形态及其划分条件。据此,本文建议了幂函数形式的五参数破坏准则,以及相应的参数确定原则和参数值。本准则给出的混凝土破坏面形状,或拉压子午线和偏平面包络线的形状符合试验破坏面的几何特性。与本试验和国内外试验数据对比都表明,本准则的混凝土多轴强度理论值具有较高的准确度。本文还将现有混凝土破坏准则归纳为三种基本形式,并通过计算进行对比分析,作出适当评价。     

钢纤维高强混凝土轴拉性能试验研究

完成了22组共110个钢纤维高强混凝土试件的轴拉试验。分析研究了钢纤维高强混凝土的轴拉强度和劈拉强度的关系,钢纤维高强混凝土轴拉性能随钢纤维体积掺量、基体强度及钢纤维类型的变化规律。给出了钢纤维高强混凝土轴拉应力-应变全曲线的数学模型,根据试验数据的回归分析确定了曲线相关的参数。研究成果对钢纤维高强混凝土在结构中的应用提供了依据。     

三向应力状态下钢纤维混凝土的强度特性及破坏准则

本文利用作者研制的混凝土三轴试验系统,对钢纤维混凝土试件在三向受压、两向受压一向受拉、两向受拉一向受压及三向受拉的应力状态下的强度进行了试验研究.除离散的试件外,可用于统计分析的试件数为184块,应力比22种.根据试验资料,、探讨了中间主应力和纤维体积含量对三向受力状态下钢纤维混凝士强度的影响;阐述了钢纤维混凝土在偏平面上破坏面的特性;给出了钢纤维混凝土三向应力状态下空间破坏准则的数学表达式.该表达式包含了三向受拉及两向受拉一向受压应力状态的影响.     

高强钢纤维碳纳米管混凝土双轴受压试验与破坏准则

高强钢纤维碳纳米管混凝土(HSSFCNRC)是一种新型高强复合混凝土,具有流动性好、强度高、韧性大、耐久性好等显著优点。为探讨其多轴应力状态下的强度特征和变形特性,该文利用大连理工大学的大型静、动三轴电液伺服试验机,分别对普通高强混凝土(HSPC)和HSSFCNRC进行了不同应力比条件下的二轴受压对比试验,观察其破坏形态、得到了极限应力和峰值应变等其他参数。通过对Kupfer-Gerstle破坏准则、宋玉普模型和杨健辉模型进行的比较分析发现,HSPC和HSSFCNRC都适合这几种模型,但曲线包络线要优于折线包络线,且强度高的包络线包住强度低的,HSSFCNRC包络住HSPC。通过对八面体应力空间和应变空间的破坏准则分析发现,宋玉普模型的子午线为椭圆曲线,精确度较高;而文中采用的破坏准则子午线为直线,应用简便,也可满足工程应用要求。     

大骨料混凝土在动态三轴拉压压应力状态下的强度

采用大型混凝土静、动态三轴液压伺服试验系统,比较了大骨料混凝土试件和湿筛二级配混凝土试件在动态三轴拉压压应力状态下的强度特征.结果表明:2种试件的破坏均为典型的拉伸破坏,裂缝垂直于拉应力方向;动态抗拉强度随应变率的增大而增大,随压应力的增大而减小;抗拉强度增长系数与应变率比的对数呈线性关系;大骨料混凝土试件的动态抗拉强度及其对应变率的敏感性均比湿筛二级配混凝土试件的要小.在八面体应力空间中建立了破坏准则,为大体积结构的非线性分析和抗震设计提供了试验依据.     

多轴受力状态下再生混凝土的破坏准则及应力-应变本构关系研究

以再生粗骨料取代率、侧向围压值、时间龄期、再生骨料来源和混凝土强度等级为变化参数,设计68个试件进行三轴受压试验研究,观察了三轴受压状态下再生混凝土的破坏形态,揭示了其破坏机理,获取了三轴受压时的应力-应变全过程曲线、峰值应力、峰值应变、弹性模量等特征点参数。研究结果表明：随着围压值的增大,再生混凝土的破坏形态由垂直劈裂转变为斜向劈裂破坏,且与斜向劈裂面相交的粗骨料被剪断;单轴受压和侧向围压值σw≤9MPa时,再生混凝土发生脆性破坏;围压值σw≥12MPa时,再生混凝土为塑性状态破坏。最后,基于试验分析和普通混凝土的强度理论,分别采用莫尔-库仑破坏准则、π平面剪应力破坏准则以及Rendulic平面上的应力破坏准则从宏观的角度对再生混凝土材料的强度准则进行深入分析,并探讨了多轴应力状态下再生混凝土的应力-应变本构方程。研究结果可供再生混凝土的进一步研究和推广应用提供参考。     

高水压作用下井壁混凝土强度发展趋势

为了探究高强高性能井壁混凝土在高水压作用下强度发展趋势,配制了C70、C80这2种强度等级井壁混凝土,并根据养护条件不同将每种强度等级的混凝土分为密封状态试件和常规状态试件,研究4、6、8、10 MPa这4种水围压作用下混凝土试件三轴峰值强度变化情况;同时采用Richart线性强度准则和Newman非线性强度准则对试验结果进行拟合。结果表明:水围压作用下混凝土试件三轴峰值强度较单轴抗压强度有较大提高,其中密封状态混凝土试件水围压增强效应更大,且随着混凝土强度等级提高,常规状态混凝土试件三轴峰值强度提高系数有所减少;Newman非线性强度准则拟合精度更高,说明高水压作用下井壁混凝土强度呈非线性发展趋势。     

一个针对轻骨料混凝土的四参数多轴强度准则

通过对轻骨料混凝土多轴应力状态下的破坏特征分析,发现轻骨料混凝土的空间破坏面与静水应力轴有两个交点,这与普通混凝土破坏面为开口的结论是截然不同的,因此那些针对普通混凝土建立起来的强度准则直接应用于轻骨料混凝土是行不通的。本文建立的轻骨料混凝土多轴强度准则,偏平面上的破坏包络线采用Wil-lam-Warnke模型在偏平面上的椭圆曲线,受拉和受压子午线采用二次抛物线形式,并利用四个参数来建立其方程。可以采用两种方法来确定这四个参数,并通过试验结果比较了这两种方法的优缺点。     

再生混凝土压-剪应力下受力性能与破坏准则

为了研究再生混凝土在压剪复合受力下的力学性能,利用真三轴试验机对30组再生混凝土立方体试件分别进行了直接剪切和压剪性能试验,对比了试件破坏形态的差异,分析了再生粗骨料取代率、水灰比及压应力比对剪切强度的影响,选用不同破坏准则对压剪复合作用下的强度进行了分析。结果表明：再生混凝土直剪及压剪复合受力破坏形态与普通混凝土相似,直剪强度随再生粗骨料取代率增大而减小,随水灰比增大而减小;压剪复合受力状态下,再生混凝土的极限剪应力随着压应力比的增大呈增幅逐渐减小的增大趋势;通过方差计算,定量分析了压应力比和再生粗骨料取代率两个因素对压剪复合应力下再生混凝土立方体试件剪切强度的影响程度,发现压应力比对剪切强度的影响更明显。选用不同强度准则对试验数据进行分析,得出基于八面体应力空间的破坏准则与试验结果吻合程度最高,且随着再生粗骨料取代率的增加,该准则的精度也逐渐提高。     

冻融循环后轻骨料混凝土双轴拉(劈拉)压强度试验和破坏准则研究

进行海水中不同冻融循环次数后轻骨料混凝土双轴拉(劈拉)压状态下的强度试验,考察试件的破坏形态和表面裂缝的走向特征。根据试验结果分析双轴拉压状态下的极限抗压、劈拉强度随冻融循环次数和应力比的变化规律。并在此基础上,建立不同冻融循环次数后主应力空间的破坏准则和考虑冻融循环影响的八面体应力空间的统一破坏准则,为寒冷海洋环境条件下轻骨料混凝土结构在经受拉压组合荷载作用时的强度分析提供试验和理论依据。     

Degradation of permeability resistance of high strength concrete after combustion

To evaluate the remaining durability of concrete materials after combustion, the permeability of high strength concrete (HSC) after combustion was studied. The transport behavior of chloride ion, water and air in concrete after combustion and the effect of temperature, strength grade, and aggregation on the permeability of HSC after combustion are investigated by chloride ion permeability coefficient (D_c), water permeability coefficient (D_w) and air permeability coefficient (D_a). The experiment results show that all three permeability coefficients commendably reflect changes of permeability. The permeability coefficient increases with the evaluation temperature. After the same temperature, the permeability coefficient of HSC is lower than that of normal strength concrete (NSC). However, the degree of degradation of permeability coefficient of HSC is greater than that of NSC. The permeability resistance of HSC containing limestone is better than that of HSC containing basalt. Combining changes of compressive strength and permeability, the remaining durability of concrete materials after combustion is appropriately evaluated.     

高强度混凝土的耐火性能研究

高强度混凝土(HSC)具有强度高,空隙率低,抗渗性好,耐久性好等优点,在建筑工程特别是高层建筑中被广泛采用。但是,与普通混凝土相比,高强混凝土的耐火性能较差,特别是火灾中的抗爆裂性能较差。该文从工程应用的角度出发,结合国外的研究成果,对高强混凝土(HSC)的耐火性能进行探讨,将为高强度混凝土抗火设计提供参考。     

高强度混凝土的耐火性能研究

高强度混凝土（HSC）具有强度高，空隙率低，抗渗性好，耐久性好等优点，在建筑工程特别是高层建筑中被广泛采用。但是，与普通混凝土相比，高强混凝土的耐火性能较差，特别是火灾中的抗爆裂性能较差。本文从工程应用的角度出发．结合国外的研究成果，对高强混凝土（HSC）的耐火性能进行探讨，将为高强度混凝土抗火设计提供参考。     

Critical factors governing the fire performance of high strength concrete systems

High strength concrete (HSC), is being increasingly used in a number of building applications, where structural fire safety is one of the major design considerations. Many research studies clearly indicate that the fire performance of HSC is different from that of normal strength concrete (NSC) and that HSC may not exhibit same level of performance (as NSC) in fire. This paper discusses the material, structural and fire characteristics that influence the performance of HSC under fire conditions. Data from earlier experimental and numerical studies is used to illustrate the impact the concrete (material) mix design and structural detailing (design) has on fire performance of HSC systems. An understanding of various factors influencing fire performance will aid in developing appropriate solutions for mitigating spalling and enhancing fire resistance of HSC members.     

钢-高强混凝土组合梁的试验研究

为了研究钢-高强混凝土组合梁在静载作用下的抗弯性能,本文完成了8根钢-高强混凝土组合梁在跨中两点对称荷载作用下的试验,对其受力性能进行了分析,并探讨了翼缘板混凝土强度、钢梁屈服强度和翼缘板宽度对组合梁正截面受弯承载力、延性的影响。结合试验结果和理论分析,对现行规范中组合梁正截面受弯承载力计算公式进行了补充修正,以拓宽计算公式中翼缘板混凝土强度的适用范围,为高强混凝土在钢-混凝土组合梁中的应用提供设计依据。     

混凝土断裂韧度、特征长度随强度、龄期变化规律

以HSC、MSC和NSC抗压、弯折和断裂试验数据为依据 ,针对HSC、MSC和NSC的断裂韧度、特征长度及破坏机理展开讨论。研究结果表明 :断裂韧度随强度、龄期的增加而增大 ;特征长度随强度的增加而减小 ;特征长度与混凝土的龄期无关 ;HSC的断裂韧度KIC明显高于MSC和NSC ,特征长度Lch小于MSC和NSC ,即HSC强度高、均质性好、裂缝阻力大、破坏更呈脆性     

Performance of high strength concrete made with copper slag as a fine aggregate

This research study was conducted to investigate the performance of high strength concrete (HSC) made with copper slag as a fine aggregate at constant workability and to study the effect of superplasticizer addition on the properties of HSC made with copper slag. Two series of concrete mixtures were prepared with different proportions of copper slag. The first series consisted of six concrete mixtures prepared with different proportions of copper slag at constant workability. The water content was adjusted in each mixture in order to achieve the same workability as that for the control mixture. Twelve concrete mixtures were prepared in the second series. Only the first mixture was prepared using superplasticizer whereas the other eleven mixtures were prepared without using superplasticizer and with different proportions of copper slag used as sand replacement. The results indicated that the water demand reduced by almost 22% at 100% copper slag replacement compared to the control mixture. The strength and durability of HSC were generally improved with the increase of copper slag content in the concrete mixture. However, the strength and durability characteristics of HSC were adversely affected by the absence of the superplasticizer from the concrete paste despite the improvement in the concrete strength with the increase of copper content. All concrete mixtures did not meet the strength and durability design requirements due to the segregation and dryness of the concrete paste. Therefore it can be concluded that the use of copper slag as sand substitution improves HSC strength and durability characteristics at same workability while superplasticizer is very important ingredient in HSC made with copper slag in order to provide good workability and better consistency for the concrete matrix.     

Fire behaviour of hollow structural section steel columns filled with high strength concrete

The use of hollow structural section (HSS) steel columns filled with high strength concrete (HSC) is becoming popular due to many advantages they offer. However, whereas the design rules for HSS columns filled with normal strength concrete are well established, there are many uncertainties for HSS columns filled with HSC. Results from numerical studies on the behaviour of HSS columns filled with HSC are presented. The studies were carried out based on both North American and European material properties for HSC and steel. Results show that required fire resistance in HSS columns can be obtained through the use of bar- or steel fibre-reinforcement in HSC.     

Flexural ductility and deformability of concrete beams incorporating high‐performance materials

High‐performance materials, such as high‐strength concrete (HSC) and high‐strength steel (HSS), are often adopted in tall buildings to reduce member size and save space. The use of HSC and/or HSS can significantly increase the flexural strength of concrete members but may also adversely affect the flexural ductility and deformability. Herein, the pros and cons of using HSC and HSS in concrete beams are investigated in terms of the limits of flexural strength, ductility and deformability that can be simultaneously achieved using nonlinear moment‐curvature analysis with stress‐path dependence of the reinforcement taken into account. The results reveal that the use of HSC or both HSC and HSS in concrete beams can at the same strength increase the ductility and deformability, or increase the strength without depleting the ductility and deformability. However, the use of HSS has no such benefit, albeit it can reduce the steel area required. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钢纤维对高强混凝土高温作用后力学性能影响的研究

通过对钢纤维高强混凝土高温后力学性能的试验研究，探讨了钢纤维高强混凝土的抗压强度、抗拉强度和抗折强度在不同温度下的变化规律。与高强混凝土火灾后性能变化规律进行比较，分析了钢纤维对高强混凝土受高温作用后力学性能的影响机理。