负载纳米TiO2活性炭的原位电催化再生研究

通过溶胶一凝胶方法制备了负载TiO2的颗粒活性炭（TiO2／GAC），并以亚甲基蓝染料为处理对象，研究了不同负载比例的TiO2／GAC对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能及其采用电催化再生的可行性。试验结果表明，负载TiO2能提高颗粒活性炭的电催化再生吸附能力，且负载量越高则多次再生能力越强。采用填充TiO2／GAC（0．8：1）的固定床处理自来水，在施加电压的情况下，可显著提高TiO2／GAC去除TOC的能力。     

改性活性炭纤维吸附饮用水中卤乙酸的研究

采用化学法、微波法、负载铁离子法等对活性炭纤维(ACF)进行改性,考察了改性后的ACF对饮用水中卤乙酸的吸附效果及影响因素.结果表明,经负载-微波改性后的ACF对DCAA、TCAA的吸附效果最好;负载一微波改性ACF的最佳条件:微波功率为250 W、溶液配比为Fe3+:Fe2+=3:2,在此条件下,改性ACF对DCAA、TCAA的吸附量比改性前的分别提高了22.0%、6.2%;在竞争吸附条件下,负载一微波改性ACF对卤乙酸的吸附量明显小于单底质条件下的.     

Ag/ZnO复合催化剂的CO_2电催化还原性能研究

利用简单"一锅法"成功制备Ag纳米颗粒负载到多孔ZnO上的复合材料,并探究其在不同浓度电解质溶液中的CO_2电催化还原性能.结果表明Ag/ZnO复合催化剂在0.1 M KCl和0.5 M KCl电解质溶液CO_2电催化还原性能均优于相同电势下的ZnO催化剂,并且随着电解质浓度的升高,生成CO法拉第效率和电流均明显增加.在0.5 M KCl电解质溶液中,-1.2 V (vs. RHE)时在Ag/ZnO复合催化剂生成CO法拉第效率最大,可达89%,说明Ag和ZnO之间协同催化作用提高了复合催化剂的CO_2电催化还原性能.     

磁性锆铁改性沸石吸附疏浚余水中磷酸盐的特性

采用共沉淀法制备了磁性锆铁改性沸石,在研究其对疏浚余水中磷酸盐吸附特性的基础上,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征其结构,探讨吸附磷的特性。结果表明,Langmuir等温吸附模型、准二级动力学模型和颗粒内扩散模型均可以较好地描述磁性锆铁改性沸石对疏浚余水中磷酸盐的吸附特征。当吸附剂投加量为18 mg/L、pH值为7时,疏浚余水中磷酸盐的饱和吸附量为11. 4 mg/g(以磷计);当pH值为5～7时,磁性锆铁改性沸石对磷酸盐的吸附效果较好,偏碱性条件下吸附量明显下降;当水温在10～30℃时,对磷酸盐的吸附效果随温度的升高而增加;磁性锆铁改性沸石吸附水中磷酸盐的过程属于化学吸附。     

HDX-8树脂吸附水中痕量酚的研究

研究了HDX 8树脂对苯酚的吸附性能 ,最大静态吸附容量为 2 2 3.5mg/g .柱长 1 0cm ,内径 1 .0cm ,内装HDX 8树脂的吸附柱 ,在酸性条件下 ,能有效地吸附水中的痕量酚 ,负载柱可用 0 .1mol/LNaOH溶夜定量解吸 ,富集倍率达 1 0 0 .研究认为 ,HDX 8吸附树脂既可有效去除水中酚污染 ,又可用于痕量分析中酚的定量富集     

复合型纳米TiO2降解甲醛多孔调湿材料研究

从改善室内空气品质角度出发,结合活性炭纤维负载纳米TiO2吸附降解甲醛、Gel树脂凝胶及沸石粉调节湿度的多种特性,制成复合型纳米TiO2降解甲醛多孔调湿材料,对其结构及性能进行了分析研究.结果表明,制成的调湿材料具有较好的调湿及吸附降解甲醛的作用.     

聚偏氟乙烯杂化膜的制备及其腐殖酸污染性能研究

针对聚偏氟乙烯膜在水处理中通量小、易污染的缺点,将无机纳米颗粒与有机膜材料聚偏氟乙烯共混,制备出透水性能优良且具有高抗污染能力的有机-无机杂化膜。结果表明,无机纳米组分的添加,在保证膜截留性能不变的条件下,使聚偏氟乙烯膜的亲水性能明显提高,膜纯水通量提高了36.3%。与未改性的聚偏氟乙烯膜相比,杂化膜的粗糙度增大,其标准粗糙度和平均粗糙度均为原膜的2.3倍。过滤腐殖酸溶液时,杂化膜在相同测试条件下的通量衰减较低。对腐殖酸的静态吸附试验中,杂化膜的饱和吸附量较原膜低,表明杂化膜的抗污染性能有所提高。     

复合型纳米Ti02降解甲醛多孔调湿材料研究

从改善室内空气品质角度出发，结合活性炭纤维负载纳米TiO2吸附降解甲醛、Gel树脂凝胶及沸石粉调节湿度的多种特性，制成复合型纳米TiO2降解甲醛多孔调湿材料，对其结构及性能进行了分析研究。结果表明，制成的调湿材料具有较好的调湿及吸附降解甲醛的作用。     

多胺螯合纳米纤维高效去除Pb（Ⅱ）的特性与机制

优选二乙烯三胺(DETA)作为胺化试剂对聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维进行改性,制备多胺纳米纤维吸附剂D-PAN,探究对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附特性与机制。对D-PAN进行SEM、BET、FTIR和XPS表征,并通过试验研究溶液初始pH值、接触时间、温度、无机盐等因素对D-PAN吸附过程的影响。结果表明:多胺基团被成功引入D-PAN的三维网络中,多孔道结构有利于改善D-PAN对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附性能。pH值为5.0时,D-PAN对Pb(Ⅱ)的静态吸附性能最优,由Langmuir模型拟合获得的最大吸附容量高达1.73mmol/g,准一级动力学速率常数高达0.06min~(-1)。含盐体系中D-PAN对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量可提高近1倍,"盐促"效应显著。结合XPS和DFT结果分析,多胺基团中N原子可与Pb(Ⅱ)形成双齿和三齿螯合物。多次再生利用性能显示,D-PAN结构性能具有优良的稳定性。D-PAN具有吸附快、容量大、易再生等优点,具有广阔应用前景。     

层片状纳米粒子对绿色润滑油润滑特性的影响

针对绿色植物油高温润滑性能差的问题,通过四球摩擦实验研究了层片状纳米粒子(纳米WS2、纳米MoS2和纳米石墨)在不同工况(温度、负载和速度)下对菜籽油润滑特性的影响。结果表明:层片状纳米粒子可有效提高菜籽油的极压性能和各工况下的抗磨减摩性能,可显著减轻高温下摩擦表面的磨损,改善磨损表面形貌,使磨损表面粗糙度降低75.5%~87.1%,从而延长菜籽油的服役寿命和摩擦副的使用寿命;其中纳米WS2的改善效果最佳,可使最大无卡咬负荷和烧结载荷分别提高13.4%和66.7%,使菜籽油的磨斑直径和摩擦因数在常温(25℃)下分别减小25.8%和8.3%,在高温(250℃)下分别减小48.3%和21.9%,并且含纳米WS2润滑油的抗磨减摩性能随温度、负载和速度的变化幅度最小,这主要缘于纳米WS2具有比纳米石墨更高的金属表面吸附能力,并具有比纳米MoS2更好的耐高温性能。     

Strong adsorption of phosphate by amorphous zirconium oxide nanoparticles

Phosphate removal is important in the control of eutrophication of water bodies. Adsorption is one of the promising approaches for the removal of phosphate, which could serve as a supplement for the biological phosphate removal process commonly used in the wastewater treatment industry to meet the discharge requirement when the biological performance is deteriorated from changes of operation conditions. Amorphous zirconium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple and low-cost hydrothermal process, and their phosphate removal performance was explored in aqueous environment under various conditions. A fast adsorption of phosphate was observed in the kinetics study, and their adsorption capacity was determined at about 99.01 mg/g at pH 6.2 in the equilibrium adsorption isotherm study. Commonly coexisting anions showed no or minimum effect on their phosphate adsorption performance. The phosphate adsorption showed little pH dependence in the range from pH 2 to 6, while it decreased sharply with the pH increase above pH 7. After adsorption, phosphate on these am-ZrO₂ nanoparticles could be easily desorbed by NaOH solution washing. Both the macroscopic and microscopic techniques demonstrated that the phosphate adsorption mechanism of am-ZrO₂ nanoparticles followed the inner-sphere complexing mechanism, and the surface hydroxyl groups played a key role in the phosphate adsorption.     

Development of polymer-based nanosized hydrated ferric oxides (HFOs) for enhanced phosphate removal from waste effluents

Phosphate originated from industrial effluents is one of the key factors responsible for eutrophication of the receiving waterways especially in the developing countries such as China. In the current study we proposed a novel process to immobilize nanoparticulate hydrated ferric oxide (HFO) within a macroporous anion exchange resin D-201, and obtained a hybrid adsorbent (HFO-201) for enhanced phosphate removal from aqueous system. The resulting HFO-201 possesses two types of adsorption sites for phosphate removal, the ammonium groups bound to the D-201 matrix and the loaded HFO nanoparticles. The coexisting sulfate anion strongly competes for ammonium groups, which bind phosphate through electrostatic interaction. However, it does not pose any noticeable effect on phosphate adsorption by the loaded HFO nanoparticles, which is driven by the formation of the inner-sphere complexes. Batch adsorption experiments also indicated that HFO-201 exhibits a little higher capacity for phosphate than the commercially available phosphate-specific adsorbent ArsenX^np, which possesses similar structure of HFO-201 and is produced by another patented technique. Fixed-bed column tests indicate that phosphate retention by HFO-201 from the synthetic waters results in the significant decrease of P from 2 mg/L to less than 0.01 mg/L, with the treatment capacity of ∼700 bed volume (BV) per run, while that for D-201 was less than 200 BV under otherwise identical conditions. Such satisfactory performance of the hybrid adsorbent is mainly attributed to the specific affinity of HFO toward phosphate as well as the Donnan membrane effect exerted by the anion exchanger support D-201. Moreover, the exhausted HFO-201 was amenable to efficient in situ regeneration with a binary NaOH-NaCl solution for repeated use without any significant capacity loss. Similar satisfactory results were also observed by using a phosphate-containing industrial effluent as the feeding solution.     

Enhanced trace phosphate removal from water by zirconium(IV) loaded fibrous adsorbent

This study was investigated for the trace phosphate removal at high feed flow rate by ligand exchange fibrous adsorbent. The zirconium(IV) loaded bifunctional fibers containing both phosphonate and sulfonate were used as a highly selective ligand exchange adsorbent for trace phosphate removal from water. The precursory fiber of the bifunctional fibers was co-grafted by polymerization of chloromethylstyrene and styrene onto polyethylene coated polypropylene fiber and then bifunctional fibers were prepared by Arbusov reaction followed by phosphorylation and sulfonation. Phosphate adsorption experimental work was carried out in column approach. Phosphate adsorption increased with decreasing the pH of feed solutions. An increase in the feeds flow rate brings a decrease in both breakthrough capacity and total adsorption. The effect of competing anions on phosphate adsorption systems was investigated. The experimental findings reveal that the phosphate adsorption was not affected in the presence of competing anions such as chloride and sulfate despite the enhancement of the breakthrough points and total adsorption. Due to high selectivity to phosphate species, low concentration level of phosphate (0.22 mg/L) was removed at high feed flow rate of 450 h⁻¹ in space velocity. The adsorbed phosphate on the Zr(IV) loaded fibrous column was quantitatively eluted with 0.1 M NaOH solution and then the column was regenerated by 0.5 M H₂SO₄ for the next adsorption operation. During many adsorption-elution-regeneration cycles, no measurable Zr(IV) was found in the column effluents. Therefore, the Zr(IV) loaded bifunctional fibrous adsorbent is to be an effective means to treat wastewater to prevent eutrophication in the receiving water bodies for long time without any deterioration.     

Use of TNSAC in phosphate adsorption studies and relationships. Isotherm relationships and utility in the field

There is a need for developing low cost, easily and abundantly available, yet efficient, adsorbents for the removal of phosphates during the tertiary treatment of wastewaters. The tamarind nut shell activated carbon (TNSAC) prepared on a laboratory scale has been used to evaluate its performance for phosphate adsorption. This paper describes the laboratory production of this adsorbent material in its various forms, and discusses the effects of the TNSAC process variables (the unrinsed and rinsed forms of the TNSAC and the impregnation ratio) on its performance in adsorbing phosphate. The material has been shown to be a good alternative adsorbent. As much as 95% phosphate removal by the unrinsed TNSAC is possible in about 30 min under the test conditions. The phosphate adsorbing capacity is about two times higher for the unrinsed TNSAC in comparison to the rinsed TNSAC. The adsorption rates, however, transit to extremely low rates towards the end when equilibrium conditions could be attained in about 2 h contact time. The phosphate removal mechanics are adsorption and precipitation/ion exchange when unrinsed TNSAC is used, and adsorption alone for the rinsed TNSAC. The maximum phosphate removal is found to take place at an impregnation ratio of 1.0 for both forms of the TNSAC.     

Column-mode phosphate removal by a novel highly selective adsorbent

A phosphoric acid resin RGP was immobilized with zirconium(IV) (Zr(IV)) to investigate its applicability in phosphate removal. When loaded with Zr(IV), RGP was changed into an effective ligand exchanger with phosphate sorption capacity of 0.345 mmol/ml. Little metal leakage was observed. Breakthrough of phosphate sorption depended on solution acidity and phosphate concentration. An increase of solution pH greatly suppressed phosphate removal, but even at pH 8.21, about 56% of the added phosphate (2.8mM) in the feed solution could still be sorbed. Electrolytes in the aqueous solution did not interfere with phosphate sorption; on the contrary, an enhancement effect was observed. Due to the high sorption capacity of Zr(IV)-loaded RGP, low concentration of phosphate can be removed at high flow rate (100 h(-1) in space velocity). The sorbed phosphate on the Zr(IV)-loaded RGP could be quantitatively eluted with 0.5M sodium hydroxide solution. The Zr(IV)-loaded RGP is a promising ligand exchanger for treating wastewater containing trace amounts of inorganic phosphate.     

Arsenic removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption on magnetite nanoparticles

Magnetite nanoparticles were used to treat arsenic‐contaminated water. Because of their large surface area, these particles have an affinity for heavy metals by adsorbing them from a liquid phase. The results of the study showed that the maximum arsenic adsorption occurred at pH 2, with a value of approximately 3.70 mg/g for both As(III) and As(V) when the initial concentration of both arsenic species was maintained at 2 mg/L. The study showed that, apart from pH, the removal of arsenic from contaminated water also depends on the contact time, the initial concentration of arsenic, the phosphate concentration in the water and the adsorbent concentration. The results suggest that arsenic adsorption involved the formation of weak arsenic–iron oxide complexes at the magnetite surface. At a fixed adsorbent (magnetite nanoparticles) concentration of 0.4 g/L, percent arsenic removal decreased with increasing phosphate concentration. Magnetite nanoparticles removed <50% of arsenic from water containing >6 mg/L phosphate. In this case, an optimum design for achieving high arsenic removal by magnetite nanoparticles may be required.     

铁-铈复合除磷剂的合成及高效吸附机理

为找到一种除磷的高效吸附剂，通过铁盐与铈盐的混合溶液与碱溶液反应合成了对水溶液中磷酸盐具有高效吸附作用的吸附剂粉末。经正交试验发现，盐溶液中铁、铈离子含量是影响除磷效果的最重要因素，此外合成温度、干燥温度也对吸附性能有一定影响。通过各种测试证明，结晶破碎是复合除磷剂比表面积增大的主要原因，而比表面积增大又是高效吸附除磷的主要原因。     

Adsorptive removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions using iron oxide tailings

This study explored the feasibility of utilizing industrial waste iron oxide tailings for phosphate removal in laboratory experiments. The experimental work emphasized on the evaluation of phosphate adsorption and desorption characteristics of the tailing material. The adsorption isotherm, kinetics, pH effect and desorption were examined in batch experiments. Five isotherm models were used for data fitting. The three-parameter equations (Redlich-Peterson and Langmuir-Freundlich) showed more applicability than the two-parameter equations (Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin). A modified equation for calculation of the separation factor using the Langmuir-Freundlich equation constants was developed. The initial phosphate adsorption on the tailings was rapid. The adsorption kinetics can be best described by either the simple Elovich or power function equation. The phosphate adsorption on the tailings tended to decrease with an increase of pH. A phosphate desorbability of approximately 13-14% was observed, and this low desorbability likely resulted from a strong bonding between the adsorbed PO(4)(3-)and iron oxides in the tailings. Column flow-through tests using both synthetic phosphate solution and liquid hog manure confirmed the phosphate removal ability of the tailings. Due to their low cost and high capability, this type of iron oxide tailings has the potential to be utilized for cost-effective removal of phosphate from wastewater.     

Adsorption of rotavirus and bacteriophage MS2 using glass fiber coated with hematite nanoparticles

Batch and flow-through experiments were conducted to investigate the removal and inactivation of rotavirus (RV) and bacteriophage MS2 using glass fiber coated with hematite nanoparticles. Batch tests showed a high removal of MS2 (2.49 × 10¹¹ plaque forming unit/g) and RV (8.9 × 10⁶ focal forming unit/g) at a low concentration of hematite nanoparticles in solution (0.043 g/L and 0.26 g/L, respectively). Virus adsorption was, however, decreased in the presence of bicarbonate ions and natural organic matter (NOM) in solution, suggesting a great affinity of iron oxide nanoparticles for these competitors. Adsorption on hematite nanoparticles by MS2 and RV was also tested with aquifer groundwater under saturated flow conditions to mimic environmental conditions with promising results (8 × 10⁸ plaque forming unit/g and 3 × 10⁴ focal forming unit/g, respectively). Desorption of up to 63% of infectious MS2 and only 2% of infectious RV from hematite nanoparticles were achieved when an eluant solution containing beef extract and glycine was used. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed evidence of electrostatic adsorption of apparently intact MS2 and structurally damaged RV particles to hematite nanoparticles. Results from this research suggest that a cartridge made of glass fiber coated with hematite nanoparticles could be used as a point-of-use device for virus removal for drinking water treatment.     

基于径流污染控制的生物滞留设施填料优化研究

为实现对径流污染的有效控制,对生物滞留设施种植土层之下的人工填料层组成优化进行了系统性研究,在静态条件下考察了9组填料对氮磷营养物的吸附性能。结果显示,蛭石和沸石对氨氮的吸附性能较好,对氨氮的吸附量分别为3.7和3.2 mg/g,并且粒径越小,吸附性能越好;蛭石和麦饭石对磷酸盐的去除效果较好,磷酸盐去除量分别为0.13和0.1 mg/g。由此筛选出对污染物净化效果较好的1~3 mm沸石和蛭石、2~3 mm麦饭石作为去除污染物的功能性填料。动态水力循环试验显示,相同体积的蛭石和沸石对氨氮的吸附效果接近,水力停留时间(HRT)为60 min时,对氨氮的去除率均接近100%,此时麦饭石对氨氮的去除率为93%。对磷酸盐吸附效果的优劣排序为蛭石>麦饭石>沸石,当HRT为60 min时,对磷酸盐的去除率分别为78.8%、53%和19.7%。填料掺混体积比为沸石∶蛭石∶麦饭石∶砂=3∶7∶1∶6的组合系统对氨氮、磷酸盐和COD的去除效果最好,且下覆5 cm砂层有利于降低出水颗粒物导致的浊度。在此填料配比条件下,当填料层厚度在30~50 cm之间时,对氮、磷和COD的综合去除效果最好。