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《考工记》原本为先秦的"(百)工"之"考",后来却成了《周礼》中"冬官"篇章里的基本内容.人们粗略一看,"考工"与"礼"两不相及,似存疑惑.不过,稍作思量,实非尽然!
《周礼》源于"三代"之"周",是史称"周公制礼作乐"其中的"礼"之制的经典.据《史记·(卷四)周本纪》载:周公"绌殷命"后,"在丰(京),作《周官》".这是史料明确载述的该典作者(参见图24-1左)的"制礼"本因及著作名称,所作即为替代"殷命"的"《周官》",是当时国家的六种"官"的分类及职能,所职分别有"治典""教典""礼典""政典""刑典""事典"的官职制度.也或许是作为"周"的国家制度,而制度即为"礼"(《左传》认为"礼"是天经、地义、民行之制),故而又称其典为"《周礼》"(参见图24-1中),内容便为天、地、春、夏、秋、冬"六官".其"六官"的具体职能的划分很明确:天官冢宰、地官司徒、春官宗伯、夏官司马、秋官司寇、冬官司空.这也大致奠定了中国传统时期国家管理制度及职能部门的基本结构,传统的 "六部"便是依此"周礼"之制而设置的(参见图24-1右). 相似文献
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一年一度的销售旺季已经到来,各工程机械代理商开始了传统的促销展会大战,经过2010年整体促销的洗礼,大部分代理商对展会营销都有了更深刻的认识。但是,具备了有竞争力的促销政策,也做好了客户的筛选和邀请,展会就一定可以100%成功吗?其实不然,在展会策划过程中,有一项工作常常被忽略,但若应用好了却能起到事半功倍的作用--营造展会氛围。促销展会,就是要通过形式化的内容,让客户在短时间内处在情绪激动的状态之下,这样促 相似文献
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本文试图从城市现状环境的困境中提出“可坐城市”的概念,并从政府、设计师和市民三个角色对营造“可坐城市”的措施和建议方面进行了论述。 相似文献
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This paper first explains the etymological connotation of Glocalization and interprets its authenticity and contemporary significance for studying community building. It argues that understanding Glocalization in specific contexts offers an ideal analysis framework to comprehend the globalization processes of local societies. This paper, by adopting a perspective of micro-globalization, studies the community building in Japan to manifest the influence of the process of Glocalization on Japanese societies. In addition to the political and sociological factors prevalent in the public engagement of community building advocated by western countries, Japanese practice is characterized for emphasizing the cultural significance of the traditional Japanese spatial image. Taking the community building case in Kagurazaka of Tokyo, it illustrates the creative discourse practice in the local community building to probe into the complexity and driving forces in Japan’s Glocalization. In addition, this paper focuses on the role of the localized community in shaping the social relations in Kagurazaka under globalization. By analyzing the contradictions and associations between the bottom-up building and the top-down planning, it discusses the opportunities and challenges faced by the community building in Japan and hopes to offer inspirations for the current community-building movement in China. 相似文献
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Wetland park design seeks to protect and restore the wetland ecosystems of sites through scientific approaches. However, in practice, the relevant ecological principles about wetland restoration are often not effectively understood or applied by landscape designers, resulting in compromised ecological benefits after the restoration, especially in biodiversity and habitat benefits. The authors highlighted the main causal factors in wetland—flooding and fertility—and adopted wetland birds as indicator species to simplify the evaluation method. Based on years of practice, the authors summarized a hydrology-based wetland design method for habitat restoration, aiming to translate ecological principles and research findings into design guidelines that can be easily understood and applied by landscape designers to spatial design. This design method includes 7 steps, namely 1) targeted species selection and goal setting; 2) design of habitat types and spatial arrangement; 3) landform design; 4) water level design; 5) plant community building; 6) landscape design with minimal intervention; and 7) spatial design for natural succession. The article then expanded each step using an illustrative design case, the Qinghua Wetland in Baoshan, Yunnan Province. 相似文献
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文章对震后中小学建筑的思考从两个方面进行讨论,在中小学建筑设计的新理念方面包括:信息时代模式,学校建筑与城市和社区建设相结合,与历史、区域文化相协调,建筑设计空间的灵活性、可持续性等内容。在中小学建筑疏散安全性方面包括:校园规划设计、建筑层数、疏散楼梯位置等内容。 相似文献
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基于城市消费设施环境塑造的视角,选取杭州近郊区3个典型社区开展调研分析,从中发现城市中微观尺度的社区设施环境建设相对滞后,制约了对知识型人力资本的吸引聚集,这既是由于城市经济社会发展与土地利用空间的快速扩张,也深受公共设施的市、区二元供给体制的内在影响。在3个近郊典型社区中,以教育医疗文体为核心的公共设施供给状况不佳,并呈现出社区之间的差异性,其中以相对独立的规模型、开放式的良渚文化村社区供给状况较好,封闭式、分散化的江南春城较差,除了地方政府供给体制的影响因素之外,这与各个开发商的建设力度、社区居民的经济状况密切相关。最后分别基于城市空间规划、郊区公共中心建设以及开放式社区设计等方面提出相应的策略建议,并强调要在制度体系方面协调好地方政府、开发商及社区居民之间的利益关系,由此兼顾城市经济社会发展的效率与公平问题,以更好地吸引知识型人力资本和信息技术型产业的聚集,提升城市生活环境的综合竞争力。 相似文献
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城市空间演变的研究对于理解城市的发展和促进城市更新具有直接的意义。工人新村是城市社会变迁所导致的一种历史产物,其空间生产和演变的逻辑既不同于中国传统社会的合院住宅,亦与今天的商品房住宅存有很大的差别。针对工人新村这一在今天看来较为独特的城市空间现象,应该如何去理解在其背后所隐含的城市社会变迁的过程?如何去研究城市社会变迁对城市空间所造成的影响?本文采用新马克思主义的历史空间辩证法原理来研究这一课题,尝试从空间意义、社会实践和空间实践等层面去探讨工人新村这一城市空间类型的发展历程。 相似文献
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SUSAN SAEGERT 《Journal of Urban Affairs》2006,28(3):275-294
ABSTRACT: While community building and organizing initiatives aimed at improving marginalized communities have proliferated in recent decades, controversies have arisen as to their efficacy. A divide has emerged between community builders, who emphasize bonding and bridging social capital, and community organizers who work with disenfranchised communities to make demands on the existing power structure though confrontational actions. Drawing on four case studies this article examines the differences and similarities of the two approaches in practice. Based on an extensive review of the literature and interviews with U.S. community builders and organizers, this article presents a heuristic model of community building and organizing activities and their ability to bring about change, including increased external social capital, ability to confront the power structure, and engagement with the political process. Case study examples of consensus and confrontational approaches and of intentional and unintentional approaches to community building are presented and compared. Implications for research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
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社区的空间结构与职能组织 --以上海市江宁路街道社区规划为例 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
随着我国社会经济体制改革的不断推进,无论在城市物质空间还是在社会组织管理方面,社区规划都得到越来越高度的重视.但是由于在许多实践工作中,包含于社区概念中的多重含义常常被从不同角度区别看待,社区的空间结构及其职能组织得不到综合考虑,致使社区工作仍然停留于旧有模式,体现不出社会发展的需求.以上海市江宁路街道社区规划为例,研究如何在社区规划中,更好地将地域空间构成与社区职能组织梳理并整合在一起,综合考虑物质空间、社会发展及行政管理等各方面因素,探讨在我国当前形势下,有效进行社区规划的方法与途径. 相似文献
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上海城市社区的发展与规划研究 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
上海的社区建设大体经历三个发展阶段 :开展社区服务 ,创建文明社区 ,推行“两级政府 ,三级管理”新体制。上海的社区建设、规划多以“街道”为地域单元 ,社区规划的内容比较广泛。随着建设国际化大都市的迅速推进 ,上海的社区建设规划将纳入国民经济发展计划和城市总体规划 ;包括人文社会科学和规划、建筑、艺术等学科在内的广大科学工作者应积极参与规划工作。 相似文献
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上海城市社区的发展与规划研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
上海的社区建设大体经历三个发展阶段:开展社区服务,创建文明社区,推行"两级政府,三级管理"新体制.上海的社区建设、规划多以"街道"为地域单元,社区规划的内容比较广泛.随着建设国际化大都市的迅速推进,上海的社区建设规划将纳入国民经济发展计划和城市总体规划;包括人文社会科学和规划、建筑、艺术等学科在内的广大科学工作者应积极参与规划工作. 相似文献
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Ying-Chun HSIEH 《景观设计学(英文)》2018,6(3):40
This interview discusses the practice of house building in rural areas and opinions of tribal civilization. Through cooperative building projects in Lankao County, He’nan Province and post-earthquake reconstruction in Yangliu Village of Mao County, Sichuan Province, Ying-Chun Hsieh, the interviewee, explained the importance of sustainability, which is the core principle of construction, and the public participation in community rebuilding. He believed that, from the perspective of tribal civilization and the dimension of scarcity, by reducing the importance of the “expert” designer, and adopting open system, simple techniques, and digitalized approaches, public participation could be promoted and a better integration of traditional wisdom in building and society construction could be achieved. 相似文献