内循环流化床—臭氧催化氧化处理石化废水二级出水

采用内循环流化床-臭氧催化氧化工艺深度处理石化废水二级出水，通过单因素实验确定了该工艺的最佳运行条件，并在该条件下对臭氧催化氧化流化床与固定床工艺进行了效果对比。结果表明，流化床工艺能够更高效地降解石化废水中的有机物，在催化剂投加量为40 g/L、臭氧投加量为75 mg/（L·h）、反应时间为1 h的条件下，流化床工艺的TOC去除率为46.47%，臭氧利用率为68%，固定床工艺的TOC去除率为21.73%，臭氧利用率为39.8%；达到相同TOC去除效果时，流化床工艺所需催化剂投加量仅为固定床工艺的1/10。流化床催化剂1 h内可以吸附石化废水中30.23%的TOC，相同投量的固定床催化剂对TOC的吸附效果不明显。重复实验结果表明，臭氧催化氧化是流化床工艺去除污染物的主要途径。三维荧光光谱和UV254分析显示，相同条件下流化床工艺将臭氧转化为活性自由基的能力强于固定床工艺。内循环流化床-臭氧催化氧化工艺可大量减少催化剂使用量，提高臭氧利用率，降低废水处理成本，且效果稳定。     

PPC替代高锰酸钾和臭氧处理微污染原水研究

比较了高锰酸盐复合药剂（PPC）预氧化与高锰酸钾、臭氧联合预氧化处理南方某水厂微污染原水的效果。生产性试验结果表明，PPC处理出水水质与高锰酸钾、臭氧联合处理的出水水质相近，其中TOC指标和Ames试验结果较后者有所改善。经计算，用PPC替代高锰酸钾和臭氧进行预氧化可节省制水费用约0．016元／m^3。因此，用PPC预氧化替代高锰酸钾和臭氧联合预氧化是可行的。     

垃圾渗滤液在不同介质中迁移转化规律

在实验室中,通过土柱对比实验研究了渗滤液污染组分总氮、TOC在不同介质中的迁移转化规律。实验结果表明：砂土对总氮、TOC的衰减率大于细砂对其衰减量,咸水对地下环境中总氮、TOC的衰减率有阻碍作用。     

土壤样品中TOC的测定浅析

环境土壤中的TOC（总有机碳）含量是反应土壤有机污染的一个重要指标。文章描述了应用总有机碳测定仪和固体进样装置对土壤中TOC含量的测定方法，建立TC（总碳）和IC（无机碳）测定标准曲线，利用差减法计算出TOC含量。实验结果表明，利用该方法建立的标准曲线线性良好，多次测定样品的相对标准偏差较小，该方法精密度、准确度较高。     

DTCR在工业废水处理中的应用

本文介绍了一种处理工业重金属离子废水的新方法——高分子药剂DTCR,该药剂与其它处理方法比较不但处理效果好而且更为环保,有广阔的应用前景。     

化学破乳──混凝两步法处理高浓度乳化废水的研究

高浓度乳化废水处理是目前炼油化工中的难题。用ＸＧ９０８系列复合高分子药剂，采取先破乳，后混凝的处理工艺路线，在实验室实验的基础上，进行了工业性实验，获得了满意的效果。与其它处理方法相比，该处理工艺具有技术先进，ＣＯＤｃｒ、乳化油、浊度等去除率高，处理效果可靠，处理费用合理等优点。处理过的废水再进入“老三套”，进一步处理后排放或回用。     

几种超滤膜组合工艺处理东江原水中试研究

以东江原水为处理对象,通过中试考察了超滤膜处理工艺与混凝沉淀、砂滤、臭氧-生物活性炭组合而成的7种工艺,对东江原水浊度、COD_(Mn)、TOC、UV_(254)和消毒副产物前体物的去除效果。结果表明,混凝沉淀+生物活性炭+超滤组合工艺可提高该流域净水厂的供水水质,保证出水浊度在0.1 NTU以下,TOC小于1 mg/L。试验期间,该工艺对原水COD_(Mn)、TOC、UV_(254)和消毒副产物前体物去除率分别为72.2%,48.2%,71.4%和66.4%,比传统工艺普遍高出约15%。     

鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区延长组有机碳测井解释模型

有机碳含量是评价烃源岩优劣的重要指标。本文以合水地区延长组富有机质页岩为研究对象,以研究层段实测TOC值为基础,采用电阻率测井方法,根据多元回归分析的方法建立TOC与电阻率对数、自然伽马三者的数学模型。根据建立的模型对庄50井、宁70井TOC实测点与预测点误差分析显示,误差率为3.1%;运用模型对未实测井段进行TOC计算并画出长7段TOC平面分布分析,发现与长6段油藏有利区叠合度高,从侧面证明了该模型的有效性,可以在该地区推广运用。     

高压脉冲破乳装置的研制与应用

为了解决长庆油田长期使用热化学沉降脱水工艺,造成破乳剂不断调整配方、药剂成本高以及加药量难以控制等问题,研究了一种新型的高压脉冲破乳装置,该装置基于常规电脱水方法,将研制的高频脉冲供电装置与三相分离器巧妙结合实现油水分离。结果表明：在无需加药和加热的情况下,单井来油经过处理后,净化油含水0.11％,污水含油14.5mg/L。该技术不仅节约原油处理成本,且控制化学药剂的使用,减轻了环保压力。     

高锰酸盐复合药剂处理中堂水厂水源水的研究

运用高锰酸盐复合药剂对东莞市中堂镇中堂水厂水源水进行了强化混凝处理的实验研究,考察其在主要水质指标方面的强化效应.实验结果表明:高锰酸盐复合药剂对混凝处理具有较好的强化作用;在浊度、UV254、铁等方面具有很好的去除效率,并且能够降低滤后水中总锰浓度.在改善出水水质的同时,也有着良好的经济效益和社会效益.     

草坪白三叶田中稗草的化学防除试验研究

针对绿化草坪春播白三叶田中稗草危害严重的问题，选择了相关除草剂对稗草进行了试验研究，最终筛选出防除的有效药剂及安全用量，有效地抑制或消除稗草对白三叶田生产造成的危害。     

抑爆系统高压动力源中气体发生剂的实验研究

针对地下及半地下建筑抑爆系统高压动力源产气剂研究的需要，自行设计了气体发生剂密闭爆发实验装置，测定了在同一剂量下的不同气体发生剂反应时的P-t曲线，由此对各气体发生剂燃烧时的产气规律进行了分析，得到了一个最佳配方，并对各气体发生剂产气的影响因素进行了研究。     

Effect of magnesium and calcium precipitation on coagulation-flocculation with lime

Coagulation-flocculation studies were carried out to identify and quantify the organic matter (TOC) fraction removed by Mg (OH)₂ precipitation and the fraction removed due to CaCO₃ precipitation in lime treatment of wastewater. Most experiments were carried out with domestic sewage and some with a tannic acid solution simulating coagulable organics in wastewater. The experiments showed a clear relation between the amount of TOC removed and the amount of Mg (OH)₂ formed. This relation between TOC removal and Mg(OH)₂ precipitation can be expressed in terms of an adsorption isotherm. The coagulation-flocculation tests of sewage with lime as a coagulant indicated that about 26% of the removable TOC in sewage is eliminated by Mg(OH)₂.     

Ozonation of naphthalene sulfonic acids in aqueous solutions. Part I: elimination of COD, TOC and increase of their biodegradability

Ozonation of 11 naphthalene sulfonic acids (NSA) in the aqueous solution was studied by bubbling at 31 degrees C at an ozone dose rate of 5.56 mg min(-1) l(-1). COD, TOC and BOD5 of these compounds were tested. It was found that COD and TOC can be removed effectively by ozonation as expected. More than 40% COD of compounds No. I (2-amino-1-NSA), No. 5 (1-hydroxy-7-amino-5-NSA), No. 6 (6-hydroxy-1-NSA), No. 8 (6-amino-1,4-naphthalene disulfonic acid) and No. 11 (I -hydroxy-6-amino-3-NSA) has been eliminated at an ozone dosage of 5.56 mg min(-1) l(-1) for 2 h. Although TOC removal was very different, a good biodegradability was reached for NSAs with an average ozone consumption of 3.0 mgl(-1) for a TOC0 concentration of 100 mg(-1). Ozonation and biotreatment should be good alternatives for these compounds, especially after 20% TOC reduction and TOC removal were more sensitive in predicting an increase in biodegradability during ozonation, than that of COD. NSAs are similar in their behavior with reference to ozone consumption. In order to obtain a good biodegradability of NSAs at a TOC0 concentration of 100 mgl(-1), an ozone consumption between 2.0 and 4.0 mg mg(-1) ACOD is needed for this setup and 3.0 mg O3 mg(-1) TOC0 requirement may be more practical in predicting the biological behavior of naphthalene compounds.     

Chlorbromuron urea herbicide removal by electro-Fenton reaction in aqueous effluents

The removal of low concentration of chlorbromuron herbicide in aqueous systems was carried out by electro-Fenton process comprised of three-electrode divided and undivided cell with a reticulated vitreous carbon cathode and platinum anode. The electro-Fenton was also carried out in a two-electrode undivided cell in which ferrous ion forms from a sacrificial iron anode. It was observed that the total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency was influenced by the cell voltage, the pH of the solution and initial herbicide concentration during the electro-Fenton treatment with a stainless steel anode. The Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ activity in the Fenton chemistry (regardless if it is hydroxyl radical or ferryl ion) was improved by the electrochemical catalysis leading to a TOC analysis below the detection limit (0.2 mg l⁻¹) corresponding to a TOC removal over 98%. It was found that TOC removal during chlorbromuron degradation followed apparent first order kinetics. The rate constant was increased by decreasing the initial concentration of chlorbromuron.     

Contribution of the ozonation pre-treatment to the biodegradation of aqueous solutions of 2,4-dichlorophenol

The effect of ozonation on the biodegradability of 100-ppm aqueous solutions of 2,4-dichlorophenol has been investigated. BOD at 5, 10 and 21 days, BOD/COD and BOD/TOC ratios and the average oxidation state are presented. Biodegradability measured as BOD₅/COD ratio was increased from 0 of the original solution to 0.25 at the moment of removing all the initial compound (corresponding to an ozone dose of 0.12 g L⁻¹, 0.48 for BOD₂₁/COD ratio). To test the effect of this pre-treatment, the biological oxidation of these pre-ozonated solutions was performed in two semi-continuous stirred tank reactors, one with non-acclimated sludge and one with acclimated-to-phenol sludge. The study showed that the TOC content of the pre-treated solution could be removed up to 68% by an aerobic biological treatment as well as co-digested with municipal wastewater (TOC removal up to 82%), with similar operating retention times to a municipal wastewater plant (12-24 h). Kinetic studies based on Monod model have also been carried out. Pseudo-first-order kinetic constants were found to be in the range of 0.5-0.8 L g TVSS⁻¹ h⁻¹.     

Simulating dynamic load of naturally occurring TOC from watershed into a river

Naturally occurring total organic carbon (TOC) is an important feature of stream water quality. This study investigates the dynamic load of TOC from the deep creek watershed into the lower St. Johns River (LSJR), FL, USA, using numerical simulations and field measurements. An existing St. Johns River watershed assessment model for simultaneous loading of nutrients from watersheds into rivers is modified to include the TOC component for the purpose of this study. Three simulation scenarios (i.e., daily, monthly, and annually) are performed to estimate the dynamic load of TOC in response to rainfall events. Simulations show that rainfall events have decisive effects on TOC loads from the Deep Creek watershed into the LSJR. In general, the highly frequent the rainfall events occur, the higher the TOC loads into the river. Simulations also illustrate that effects of rainfall events on daily changes of TOC are minimal in winter, but are profound in late summer. Results suggest that TOC load into the river is not only a rainfall-driven but also a temperature-driven biological process.     

中央空调循环水处理复合水处理药剂的试验研究

钼酸盐是常用的缓蚀剂,为了降低水处理成本,本文选用钼酸盐、锌盐和HEDP为复合阻垢缓蚀剂,在对它们阻垢、缓蚀机理分析的基础上,运用正交试验方法,通过阻垢和挂片试验,分别用腐蚀速度、总铁离子浓度和阻垢率为指标,对该复合药剂的工艺参数进行了试验研究。通过三因素三水平正交试验后得到结论。     

内蒙古某萤石矿浮选机理研究

对内蒙古某萤石矿进行了工艺试验研究,并对其改性捕收剂YSB-2进行红外光谱分析,确定其官能团结构,探讨了耐低温性的原因。通过测定捕收剂加入前后萤石和石英的表面电位,确定并探讨了浮选适宜的p H值。分析了酸性水玻璃对石英的抑制作用。     

城市污水厂脱水污泥中TOC含量的测定

依据燃烧氧化-非色散红外吸收法（NDIR）测定总有机碳（TOC）的原理,采用岛津TOC-5000A总有机碳分析仪（附固体样品燃烧装置SSM-5000A）测定了城市污水处理厂脱水污泥中的TOC含量.试验结果显示,该方法测量准确度较高,并有良好的重现性.