基于实测的上海市集合住宅能耗模拟机制优化

以居住建筑节能设计标准为出发点,就住宅模拟能耗与实测能耗产生差异的原因进行了讨论,归纳了空间使用强度、室内设定温度、空调开启机制等7项影响模拟能耗准确度的因子,并通过对上海市居民用能行为模式的实地调研,对现行住宅能耗模拟机制进行了修正与优化,结合对本地区10栋已建成住宅全年能耗的实测,从用能总量和全年走势两个层面,对比了优化前后的模拟能耗与实测能耗,证明了优化方法的合理性和优化结果的准确性。     

民用建筑能耗指标体系确定研究

本文通过分析我国建筑能源实际消耗的特点,对我国建筑能耗进行合理分类,确定了北方城镇供暖用能、城镇住宅用能、公共建筑用能以及农村住宅用能四大建筑用能类型。在此基础上,结合《民用建筑能耗标准》的适用范围,通过理论分析与实际数据验证,分别确定了涵盖城镇居住建筑用能、公共建筑用能以及北方城镇供暖用能的指标体系。     

东北村镇太阳能采暖热负荷与集热器面积研究

本文根据东北地区村镇住宅的建筑特点及居民生活习惯等,提出当地太阳能采暖的三种情况,结合典型村镇住宅,估算典型城市的建筑热负荷值;根据相关数据计算太阳能集热器面积与建筑面积的配比,为当地太阳能采暖与热水供应系统的方案设计提供参考.     

基于系统动力学的住宅能耗分析

本文在住宅建筑能耗影响因素基础上,构建建筑能耗的系统动力学模型,寻找住宅建筑能耗的规律。通过调整住宅建筑能耗的不同参数,观察其对整个住宅建筑能耗的影响,从而提出降低住宅建筑能耗、改善建筑用能、促进住宅建筑节能的可行性政策和措施。     

屋面保温隔热材料在我国村镇住宅中的应用研究

在分析我国农村屋面保温隔热材料现状的基础上,从材料的角度分析了适合我国村镇住宅使用的屋面保温隔热材料。我国广大村镇地区屋面能耗损失占建筑总能耗的比例远远高于城市,减少村镇住宅的建筑能耗,对于推动新农村建设和发展具有重要意义。     

冀中地区农村住宅围护结构节能改造研究

随着我国经济的发展,居民生活条件得到良好改善,但同时伴随建筑用能日益增加,导致出现建筑能耗大、环境污染严重等问题。目前,城市住宅节能改造技术进步明显应用广泛,而农村住宅基本沿袭传统的自建模式,对建筑节能方面的理论和技术指导较为缺乏。结合冀中地区气候特点,对冀中地区住宅结构形式、外围护结构及能源使用情况进行全面分析,发现问题并从住宅外墙、门窗、屋顶、地面四个方面提出对于农村住宅围护结构可操作性强的节能改造措施,为有效改善室内热舒适度、建设低能耗农村住宅提供参考。     

上海市松江区住宅建筑能耗调查与分析

通过实地调研,考察了上海市松江区居民住宅的建筑结构、建筑日照、通风遮阳、空调使用习惯、冬季采暖等基本情况,分析了目前松江区居民住宅建筑采取的节能措施,并进一步分析了其节能潜力,为相关部门制定及调整能源政策提供依据.     

西北寒冷地区典型村镇能源结构调研及分析

基于对西北寒冷地区常家河镇农村用能现状的实地调研,估算当地居民生活能耗现状;同时,通过对比东部寒冷地区典型村镇用能结构,得到西部寒冷地区能源结构特点,再结合当地资源现状及其经济发展状况,对当地生活能源潜力做出评估,并对当地可再生能源供应系统做出优化选择;最后通过经济性分析,提出适合常家河镇发展的低成本能源供应方案,总结...     

村镇建筑节能关键技术集成与示范

正一、立项背景我国村镇建筑面积已达230亿平方米,占全国建筑总面积的58%,且每年以6-7亿平方米的速度递增。随着生活水平的提升,村镇用能也逐年增加,居民生活能源消费总量达到了1.77亿吨标准煤,占全国建筑总能耗的26.1%。村镇建筑节能日益受到关注,引导其合理用能已成为当前亟待解决的问题。但现阶段缺少对各气候区村镇的舒适、节能基础等基础数据与有效节能测评方法与工具,也缺乏适用于村镇经济与生活用能习惯的建筑节能技     

城市形态对美国住宅能源使用的影响

城市形态对交通能源使用影响的研究已相当广泛,但其对住宅能源使用影响的研究仍然缺乏.本文提出的概念框架通过三大因果途径将城市形态和住宅能源使用联系起来:输配电损失、不同住宅存量的能源需求、城市热岛导致的建筑供暖和制冷需求.其中两大因果途径可利用现有国家层面的数据进行分析.在排除其他因素影响的情况下,相对于紧凑型地区的同类居民,蔓延型地区的居民有更大可能性选择独户独立式住宅,且更倾向于大户型住宅,这都会导致住宅能源消耗量偏高.由于城市存在热岛效应,全国范围内蔓延型地区居民的住宅额外能耗平均值比紧凑型地区更低.本文还探讨了上述问题对城市规划的启示.     

Relationship between possession of electric appliances and electricity for lighting and others in Japanese households

A questionnaire survey on the possession of electric appliances and on its influence upon the energy consumption in Japanese households was conducted in 1996. It was found that the increase in the consumption of residential electricity was due to the use of higher number of electric appliances. This reflects the higher economic status of the householders and their lifestyle. The relationship between electric consumption for lighting and others and the influencing factor is evaluated by using the multivariate analysis. The results of this study are expected to provide fundamental information in order to enhance residents’ awareness on the importance of energy conservation. It is also expected that the results will be helpful for Asian developing countries.     

重庆市居住建筑能耗调查与分析——以某高校住宅能耗为例

本文通过对重庆市某高校住宅楼居住热环境和运行能耗的调查,并与同期调查的重庆市某花园小区建筑能耗数据对比,得到了该校住宅建筑平均能耗水平及用能特点,预测了当前及今后一段时期内重庆市居住建筑用能的总体趋势。能耗调查数据对开展既有居住建筑节能改造和制定该地区居住建筑低能耗标准的能耗基数具有参考价值。     

高校类建筑能耗特点及能源审计研究

高校在校学生人均能耗和单位建筑面积能耗均高出全国人均水平和全国居民建筑单位面积能耗,高校建筑节能势在必行;研究目前高校类建筑用能特点和用电能耗数据的分析方法：分析高校类建筑用能规律。     

住宅建筑能耗模拟设定参数影响分析

为研究建筑能耗模拟过程中各设定参数对建筑总能耗的影响,采用EnergyPlus能耗模拟软件,以重庆市某示范工程建筑建立基准模型,通过大样本调查问卷掌握该地区居民实际用能行为规律,分别计算了空调设定温度,空调运行时间,空调能效比和室内热扰等不同模拟工况下的建筑总能耗,并通过相关性分析得出各参数对建筑能耗影响的显著性水平。     

住宅能耗设备的能耗现状及节能措施

随着城镇住宅面积的增加和人们对住宅建筑内热环境要求的不断提高,住宅建筑的能耗指标迅速增加。而能源问题是我国目前经济发展面临的一个重大问题,能否有效降低能耗势必关系到我国经济发展和环境保护。通过分析我国住宅能耗设备的能耗现状及存在的问题,提出了我国住宅能耗设备节能的侧重点应为住宅建筑内供暖系统的优化设计和运行调节、空调系统的合理选择、太阳能热水器的充分利用以及提高灯具和其他家用电器的工作效率。     

重庆绿色建筑探索与实践

本文以重庆某轨道交通综合楼为基本案例,从其实践的绿色建筑策略中提炼出绿色建筑的诸多经验,总结了绿色建筑实践的基本原则:采用适宜的技术、合理利用可再生能源、引入绿色建筑评价体系,并以建筑全年能耗模拟软件预测建筑运行能耗,以验证其绿色建筑技术的有效性,在建筑运行前期起到理性的指导作用。     

Weather sensitivity in household appliance energy end-use

Data from a Residential Energy Study (RES) were used to examine the weather sensitivity of various household appliances located in households within the Sydney metropolitan area. Thermal environmental indices effective temperature (ET¹), standard effective temperature (SET¹) and simple air temperature degree–days were used to quantify the dependence of household appliance energy consumption on outdoor weather. Specific appliances included: room air-conditioners, room heaters, refrigerators, freezers and domestic hot-water systems, all of which exhibited some degree of weather sensitivity, particularly space heating and cooling devices. Probit regression techniques were used to predict the degree–day values at which households tend to switch on heating and cooling appliances. All appliances demonstrated weather sensitivity to varying degrees, and this was universally stronger during the cooling season (summer) than during the heating season (winter). The outdoor SET¹ version of the degree–day index demonstrated a stronger statistical association with space-cooling energy consumption than conventional air temperature degree–days. The mean daily temperature associated with minimum heating and cooling energy consumption for Sydney indicated that a temperature of 18 °C was the most appropriate base temperature for calculation of both heating and cooling degree–days.     

Energy efficiency and energy savings in Japanese residential buildings—research methodology and surveyed results

Worldwide energy consumption has risen 30% in the last 25 years. Fossil fuels exploitation is causing depletion of resources and serious environmental problems. Energy efficiency improvement and energy savings are important targets to be achieved on every society as a whole and in residential buildings in particular. In this article, results of a survey and questionnaire on energy consumption and thermal environment held in Kansai area, Japan are reported. Energy savings potential was analyzed for the surveyed 13 houses focusing on certain electrical appliances e.g. TV, rice cooker and refrigerator. Residents’ environmental awareness towards energy consumption was clarified through questionnaire. An energy information session towards residents was held, and the resulting changes in lifestyle and their implications on energy consumption were evaluated.     

Energy-saving potential by improving occupants’ behavior in urban residential sector in Hangzhou City, China

Besides technical measures, occupants’ behavior is one of the most important issues with respect to energy efficiency in households. This paper will discuss the relationship between electricity consumption and household lifestyle and evaluate the energy-saving potential by improving occupants’ behavior in domestic life through energy-saving education. After 124 households in three typical residential buildings in Hangzhou city of China being selected as research subjects, a series of surveys were conducted: (1) recording of the monthly electricity uses of all subject households from March 2007 to July 2008; (2) energy-saving education to the half of the households before July 2008; (3) a comprehensive survey about the household lifestyle of all subject households in the beginning of August 2008. By comparison analysis of the survey data, major findings are as follows: (1) residential electricity consumption will increase continually in the next years in China, because of the improvement of people's living standard and more dependency on electric appliances; (2) improving occupants’ behavior in domestic life can save more than 10% household electricity use; and (3) some effort on residential energy savings should be shifted from technological measures to improving occupants’ behavior in ordinary domestic life.     

重庆市公共建筑能耗分析

为了掌握重庆市公共建筑能耗状况,对重庆市商场、宾馆、办公楼和礼堂等类型的公共建筑进行了能耗调研。以调研数据为依据,对重庆公共建筑能耗以及运行管理的现状作了分析和评价。认为重庆公共建筑用能水平和管理水平较低,能源利用不合理,运行管理人员缺乏节能意识,没有建立建筑物用能管理制度,节能技术未得到广泛应用,空调负荷普遍偏高。