共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 60 毫秒
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以江浙沪地区25个城市为研究对象,从暴露性、敏感性和适应能力三方面构建城市高温脆弱性评价指标体系,并应用城市高温脆弱性模型和脆弱度贡献模型分析2011年—2020年江浙沪地区城市高温脆弱性变化特征及致脆类型。结果表明:10年来,70%的城市高温脆弱性呈上升趋势,其中温州市脆弱性指数逐年升高,丽水市逐年降低,镇江等7个城市高温脆弱性呈波动下降趋势,南京等16个城市呈波动上升趋势,空间上,研究区高温热脆弱性整体呈现中部偏南地区最高,向南北两个方向递减的分布特征;其中较高等级城市数量最多,主要分布于中南部地区;低等级城市数量最少,分布在研究区北部。敏感致脆型城市数量最多,其次为暴露型致脆城市,适应能力不足致脆型城市最少。 相似文献
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由于全球气候变化,极端高温事件发生的频率和强度都在不断上升,给城市可持续发展带来巨大挑战。因此,科学合理评估城市高温热浪脆弱性对实现“清凉城市”具有重要意义。文章基于脆弱性与适应性理论,利用脆弱性分析工具,构建城市高温热浪脆弱性评价体系;以成都市为例,结合多源大数据,定量评价街道尺度的高温热浪脆弱性,分析高温热浪脆弱性的空间分异特征。基于评估结果,在宏观层面提出开展“热舒适”空间规划,构建“热预警”响应体系的应对策略;在微观层面,将高脆弱性街道划分为绿植提升区、适老改善区、设施提升区三类政策分区,并提出相应的规划措施以提高其高温适应能力。 相似文献
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适宜的人居环境对促进社会经济与生态环境的可持续发展有着重要意义。从社会、经济、生态和自然环境四个方面构建城市人居环境适宜度评价系统,以大连市内四区为例,运用熵值法,SPSS,ArcGIS软件等工具,对研究区的人居环境适宜度进行评价。结果表明:大连市内四区的人居环境适宜度差异明显。中山区综合、社会、经济以及生态环境适宜度评价值均最高;西岗区自然环境适宜度评价值最高;沙河口区各项评价值排名均靠前,相反甘井子区的各项评价值均靠后,不具有比较优势。概括分析了各行政区存在的问题与优势,在今后的发展规划中需对这些问题投入更多的关注。 相似文献
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以湿热地区广州光大花园为调查对象,调研居住区风景园林设计,测试风景园林空间热环境,观测风景园林使用状况,旨在评价居住区风景园林、热环境、空间使用的相关性,为面向使用的住区风景园林设计提供改善策略。研究证实了:1)在夏季,居住区风景园林较低的阴影率会增大热岛效应; 2)地形和复层绿化对住区内部风速衰减较大; 3)影响居住区风景园林使用的最重要热环境因素为阴影率,同时居民对遮阴区域的选择又受风速的影响。研究提出了居住区风景园林设计策略,包括充分利用构筑物和绿化形成有效的遮阴区域,同时活动场地四周不宜设置过密的复层绿化,应以高大乔木为主。 相似文献
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The study of climate change impacts on cultural landscapes in the Pacific West Region of the National Park System by the University of Oregon’s Cultural Landscape Research Group, assessed how these landscapes might be affected by key climate variables, and developed recommendations for future research toward the agency’s goal of ensuring cultural landscapes’ resilience in light of climate change variables. 相似文献
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Marnix Van Belleghem Hendrik-Jan Steeman Marijke Steeman Arnold Janssens Michel De Paepe 《Building and Environment》2010
CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) is a useful tool to study air flow patterns in a room. Current CFD models are able to simulate air flow combined with temperature distributions and species distributions. In this paper a coupled CFD–HAM model is discussed. This model combines CFD with a HAM model (Heat, Air and Moisture) for hygroscopic materials. This coupled model is able to simulate air flow around a porous material and combines this with heat and moisture transport in the porous material. Validation with a small scale experiment in which gypsum board was used as a hygroscopic material showed good results. In this paper a further validation of the model is discussed based on a sensitivity analysis of some model parameters. Especially hygrothermal parameters like sorption isotherm and water vapour permeability proved to have a non negligible influence on the modelling outcome. Adding a hysteresis model showed improvement of the model during desorption. The model was also used to compare two modelling strategies. In one strategy the gypsum board was modelled as a uniform material, in a second approach the material was modelled as being layered. The difference between the two approaches showed to be negligible. 相似文献
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The Multichamber Consumer Exposure Model (MCCEM) is a user-friendly computer program that can be used to estimate indoor air concentrations and occupant inhalation exposures for chemicals released from products, materials, furnishings or appliances in structures such as residences. Among the major features of MCCEM are flexibility in running the model for durations from one hour to one year, a library of infiltration and interzonal airflow measurements for several hundred U.S. residences, a spreadsheet for input of time-varying emission rates, the ability to estimate inhalation exposure, and options for Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis. An illustrative application is given whereby assumptions concerning the emission profile and the number of chambers to be modeled are examined for impact on exposure estimates. Discussion is provided on the importance of model validation and an approach to validation is given for the illustrative application. 相似文献
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随着我国城市化进程的加快,城市规划的适应性受到冲击。江津作为一个典型的西部中小城市,其城市规划面临功能布局与用地发展规划不适应、公共设施和市政设施与城市规模的不适应等诸多问题,为此,需从城市用地规模、用地布局、设施建设等方面对总体规划作相应调整,增强适应性,以满足城市发展的需要。 相似文献
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二战后,工业革命带来了工业化生产方式为人们提供了大量的住房,但同时将建造住宅变成了一个固定模式,其弊病逐渐暴露出来,受到广泛的关注。居民参与各国住宅建设的重要组成部分,文章介绍了居民参与住宅建设的历史发展,探讨了居民参与住宅建设的几种主要方式,并对居民参与过程中需要注意的一些问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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谈控制性详细规划的适应性 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13
控制性详细规划在认识上、编制方法上、编制内容及技术、实施管理过程上存在局限性,导致控制性详细规划应有的优势和作用在建设实践中无法充分发挥,应从控制指标体系、土地使用性质分类方法、地块划分、土地及空间的开发强度、控制方式、实施管理制度上完善现有规划方法、体制,增强控制性详细规划的适应性。 相似文献
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Brahim Ben Kabbour Lahcen Zouhri Jacky Mania Jean-Pierre Colbeaux 《Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment》2006,65(4):463-470
In this study, the DASTI method was used to evaluate vulnerability to groundwater pollution in the vicinity of Rabat, western
Morocco. The model is based on the characterization of five intrinsic parameters: unsaturated zone thickness, saturated zone
thickness and lithology, soil texture, topography and hydraulic gradient. A system of classes of the hydrogeological characteristics
was applied to evaluate relative vulnerability to groundwater contamination and a susceptibility map was prepared based on
land use and the vulnerability index map. The study showed the DASTI method (applied using IDRISI software) can serve as a
tool to evaluate vulnerability to pollution and thus facilitate programs to protect groundwater resources.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
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住宅适应性设计对可持续使用功能的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章从我国住宅状况和住宅适应性设计概念方面进行了探讨,阐述了住宅适应性设计的目标、原则、手法和体现特点,并分析了我国住宅适应性设计的要求和发展方向。 相似文献