均质未贯穿竖井地基粘弹性固结分析

针对均质深厚软土地基竖井未打穿情况,采用Merchant流变模型,将现有未贯穿竖井地基线弹性固结理论进行了推广,推导了竖井未打穿均质地基的粘弹性固结解析解。该解考虑了涂抹和井阻作用以及竖井打设区和下卧层的相互影响。将解答编制成应用程序,用该程序分析了一竖井未打穿均质地基。分析表明,土体粘滞性对前期固结几乎没有影响,但后期固结度明显降低。土体粘滞性对下卧层的影响程度大于对竖井打设区的影响程度。     

双层地基超载预压固结理论及应用

针对未打穿竖井地基传统固结计算方法的不足 ,将深厚软土未打穿竖井地基合理转化为双层地基 ;分析了双层地基超载预压的固结、沉降机理 ,给出了多级等速加、卸载条件下双层地基一维固结孔压解析解。考虑时间因素的影响 ,提出了反映土结构性的固结沉降计算方法。最后 ,结合工程实例计算 ,发现采用超载预压法处理深厚软土地基 ,对于控制工后沉降是不利的 ;工后沉降主要是下卧层的压缩变形造成的 ,约占工后总沉降的 74%左右。     

真空预压条件下未打穿不排水桩复合地基一维固结研究

基于未打穿不排水桩复合地基超静水孔隙水压力解答,考虑真空预压荷载非瞬时施加,地表孔压随时间变化,模拟实际真空荷载的施加过程,并建立了真空预压条件下复合地基加固层和下卧层平均固结度的一维固结解。据此绘制出考虑贯入度、桩径比、真空度变化速率、桩土模量比、上下层渗透系数比对固结的影响曲线。研究表明:贯入度以及真空度变化速率对固结影响较大,并且在负压条件下,桩径比对固结的影响与普通正压情况下有较大区别。     

未打穿砂井地基固结理论计算分析

利用平均固结度普遍解,将未打穿砂井地基转化为等效双层地基,给出其一维固结的解析解,求出未打穿砂井地基的平均固结度。根据所给出解、现有解和有限单元法,编制程序,绘制了贯入比ρw值对固结影响曲线图,对各种求解未打穿砂井地基平均固结度的方法展开评估。研究表明,所给出解能较好地反映不同排水条件下未打穿砂井地基中总平均固结度–竖向固结时间因子(U-Tv)曲线变化情况,适合于工程应用。     

堆载-真空联合预压下的未打穿竖井地基固结理论

针对现有未打穿竖井地基固结计算方法存在的不足,提出一种固结度简化计算方法,将未打穿竖井地基分成包含竖井和不包含竖井的两层土体分别进行计算.该方法基于连续排水边界条件的思想,考虑了上下层土体间的孔压连续性.在堆载–真空联合预压下分别推导得到顶面排水且底面排水(PTPB)和顶面排水且底面不排水(PTIB)条件下的超静孔隙水...     

变荷载作用下砂井地基的固结分析

研究了工程中荷载逐渐施加情况下砂井地基的固结问题,得到了变荷载作用下砂井地基的固结解析解,同时将该理论解与现有的解进行了对比分析,讨论了加载历时对砂井地基固结度的影响,分析表明加载历时对地基固结有一定的影响。     

应力变化的真空-堆载预压下竖井地基固结分析

考虑真空度沿竖井线性减小、堆载所引起的附加应力随深度变化以及地基涂抹区水平渗透系数呈线性变化,推导了附加应力变化的真空-堆载预压下竖井地基固度的一个解析解,并分析了地基固结性状。分析结果表明,在荷载瞬时施加时,真空预压的大小及沿竖井的衰减快慢对地基的固结速度没有影响;在单面排水条件下,竖井地基顶面的附加压力越大,固结越快;在地基井径比和水平渗透系数与竖向渗透系数之比较小时,地基的竖向渗流对地基的固结度有较大的影响。     

真空联合堆载预压下竖井地基固结解析解

考虑真空度沿竖井的发展是一个深度的函数,同时堆载所引起的附加应力既随时间变化也随深度变化,还考虑了地基的径竖向渗流以及扰动区土体水平渗透系数的3种变化模式,推导了真空联合堆载预压下竖井地基固结度的一个较普遍的解析解,并分析了在真空度沿竖井线性下降,堆载线性施加和附加应力沿深度梯形分布等情况下的地基固结性状。结果表明,荷载线性施加时,真空度对地基固结度有较大影响,真空度越大,沿深度衰减越慢,固结越快;而在荷载瞬时施加时,真空度对固结度没有影响。在地基井径比和水平渗透系数与竖向渗透系数之比较小时,地基的竖向渗流对地基的固结度有较大的影响。     

真空联合多级堆载下考虑井阻时空变化的竖井地基固结解析解

考虑到竖井地基固结过程中排水体井阻随时间和深度不断变化，基于等应变假定，针对堆载为多级加载及真空预压为单级加载的工况，引入竖井涂抹区渗透系数不同的变化模式，建立真空联合堆载预压下竖井地基固结模型，通过边界条件齐次化后设解的形式并解常微分方程获得固结模型对应的解析解。通过与已有的解析解及工程实测值对比，验证解析解的正确性并利用该解答开展固结性状分析。结果表明：变井阻理论更能够为最终负压沿深度线性衰减假定提供理论支撑；竖井排水能力衰减系数的增加及最终排水能力的减小都会使某时刻真空度随深度的衰减程度增大；竖井排水能力衰减系数越大，竖井固结速率越慢；最终排水能力越大，竖井固结速率越快；基于该固结模型在工前选取合适的真空加载值进行真空联合堆载预压能同时兼顾土体固结速率和经济效益。     

考虑涂抹作用的未打穿砂井地基固结理论分析

 在等应变假设和瞬时加载条件下,研究单面和双面排水情况下未打穿砂井地基的固结问题。通过设置虚拟砂井的方法考虑未打穿土层的径竖向组合渗流;同时,为考虑施工对土体的扰动随离砂井的距离增大而逐渐减小的事实,引入一个函数,将土体水平渗透系数统一表达,并在假设的3种模式下(涂抹区水平渗透系数不变、呈线性变化和呈抛物线变化),得到未打穿砂井地基固结解析解。编制计算程序,详细阐述编程过程中要注意的几个问题,对未打穿砂井地基的固结性状进行分析。结果表明,考虑涂抹区水平渗透系数呈抛物线变化时地基固结最快,呈线性变化时次之,不变时最慢;施工扰动范围、程度越大,固结越慢;砂井打入深度越深,固结越快;砂井渗透系数越大,固结越快。     

变荷载下竖向排水井地基粘弹性固结沉降解析解

就实际工程中荷载逐渐施加情况下的竖向排水井地基粘弹性固结问题进行了研究,给出了相应的解析解,根据该解,通过编程计算,探讨了变载下竖井地基粘弹性固结的一般规律.并应用本文提出的理论对工程实例进行了分析.揭示了粘弹性参数和加载历时对固结过程的显著影响和在实际工程当中考虑这些因素的必要性.     

成层未打穿砂井地基固结Lagrange插值解法

考虑井阻和涂抹区的影响,建立成层未打穿砂井地基固结的数值模型和算法。将未打穿砂井底面下的软土层视为虚拟排水井,同时将未打穿砂井转化为打穿的多段砂井,使得土层边界条件和数值计算过程简单化。对超孔隙水压力用Lagrange插值多项式等结点插值近似,把砂井打设区固结方程转化为结点的超孔隙水压力的简单微分方程组,砂井固结方程转化为一线性代数方程组,以4层土为例,导出详细的计算公式。如增加土层数,仅需改变边界结点系数公式。最后,把该解法与相关近似方法的计算结果进行分析比较,并给出一个多层软土路基预压加固工程案例。结果表明,将下卧层简化为一维固结与考虑其三维固结对计算结果影响很小。     

A simple solution for prefabricated vertical drain with surcharge preloading combined with vacuum consolidation

Prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) with the surcharge preloading and vacuum consolidation has become considerably popular for ground improvement projects. A simple solution that incorporates the fundamental embankment features, such as the average degree of consolidation and excess pore pressure, are essential for the design of soft ground improvements by PVDs with vacuum preloading. However, most of the solutions for vertical drains with vacuum consolidation require numerical simulations, whose implementation tends to be laborious. In contrast, a simple solution for vacuum consolidation under time-dependent loading has not yet been proposed. In this study, a simple solution that can be easily incorporated into a conventional spreadsheet is derived for PVDs with vacuum preloading by applying the Laplace transform technique. The proposed solution accounts for several actual construction conditions, such as initial surcharge load, vacuum pump trial period, variations of radial permeability, and time-dependent loading. The results obtained from this proposed approach were validated with those from the finite element method and field data from the case study of the Cai Mep International Terminal project in southern Vietnam. The derived solutions, including the excess pore pressures and average degrees of consolidation, were in good agreement with the predicted and observed data.     

Consolidation of a composite foundation with soil–cement columns and prefabricated vertical drains

A new ground improvement method is proposed for embankment foundation on soft soils, involving the use of both soil–cement columns and prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) to improve the shear strength and accelerate the pre-consolidation process. An analytical solution was derived for calculating the consolidation process of this composite foundation under time-dependent loading by considering the PVDs as cylindrical drain wells. The equivalent coefficient of permeability was acquired by matching the average degree of consolidation of a unit cell model. The analytical expression of consolidation was established according to the axi-symmetric analytical model, and its theoretical solution under time-dependent loading was achieved through the variable separation method. The analytical solution under ramp loading was verified by comparing the calculated results with the three-dimensional finite-element analysis. The influence of replacement ratio of the soil–cement column, column-soil modulus ratio, improvement depth and column-soil permeability ratio were explored. Field experiments on the Huai-Yan Highway indicated the calculated settlements agreed well with the field measurements.     

Nonlinear consolidation analysis of soft soil with vertical drains considering well resistance and smear effect under cyclic loadings

In this paper, the nonlinear consolidation behavior of soft soil with vertical drains considering well resistance and smear effect under cyclic loadings was investigated. Using the variables separation method, a series of analytical solutions were derived to calculate the excess pore water pressure and the average degree of consolidation of the soil subjected to various cyclic loadings including trapezoidal cyclic loading, rectangular cyclic loading, triangular cyclic loading and haversine cyclic loading. The correctness of the proposed solutions was verified through degenerating into the existing solutions. Finally, the effects of different parameters on the nonlinear consolidation behavior of soil with vertical drains under cyclic loadings were analyzed.     

变荷载下散体材料桩复合地基固结研究

研究了复合地基固结问题,给出了变荷载及排水影响区土体内水平向渗透系数沿径向任意变化情况下散体材料桩复合地基固结一般解,讨论了复合地基固结特性。研究表明,水平向渗透系数和加载速率对复合地基固结有重要影响。加载越快,复合地基固结越快,瞬时加载时固结最快;加载越慢,桩径比(n)、扰动区大小(s)和施工扰动程度(ks/kh)对复合地基固结的影响会逐渐减弱。     

Analysis of one-dimensional consolidation of soft soils with non-Darcian flow caused by non-Newtonian liquid

Based on non-Darcian flow caused by non-Newtonian liquid, the theory of one-dimensional (1D) consolidation was modified to consider variation in the total vertical stress with depth and time. The finite difference method (FDM) was adopted to obtain numerical solutions for excess pore water pressure and average degree of consolidation. When non-Darcian flow is degenerated into Darcian flow, a comparison between numerical solutions and analytical solutions was made to verify reliability of finite difference solutions. Finally, taking into account the ramp time-dependent loading, consolidation behaviors with non-Darcian flow under various parameters were analyzed. Thus, a comprehensive analysis of 1D consolidation combined with non-Darcian flow caused by non-Newtonian liquid was conducted in this paper.     

考虑桩体径竖向渗流的碎石桩复合地基固结解析解

提出一种新的复合地基固结度求解方法及表达形式,推导得到了考虑桩体及土体的径竖向渗流,上部荷载分级逐渐施加,扰动区渗透系数呈线性变化等因素的一个较全面的散体材料桩复合地基固结解析解。通过退化、与已有解的比较等方法对解进行了分析验证。结果表明,现有的单级荷载及瞬时荷载下考虑桩体径竖向渗流的解、考虑桩体竖向渗流与变形协调的解、太沙基一维固结解等都是解的特例,这说明了解的正确合理性,发展和完善了现有复合地基固结理论。不考虑桩体径向渗流会高估地基固结速度;地基加载过程越缓,地基固结越慢。提出的求解方法,为复合地基固结度的求解提供了一种新的思路。