谈ISO9001∶2000版标准中几个过程的理解和实施

20 0 0版 ISO90 0 1标准是以过程为基础的质量管理体系模式 ;本文阐述了对 ISO90 0 1∶ 2 0 0 0版标准中几个过程的理解 ,并具体分析了建筑施工企业应如何确保过程的有效实施。     

ISO 9000:2000-new ISO, new responsibilities for top management

The world of quality is changing and the responsibility for implementing these changes lies firmly in the hands of top management. Organisations can no longer afford to leave this hot potato with the quality manager; everyone must be aware and involved. ISO 9000 is the quality system used by many organisations throughout the world. The current version, ISO 9000:1994, is being revised and the final version of the latest revision is expected to be published as ISO 9000:2000 in the last quarter of 2000. Firms that are registered with ISO 9001, 9002 or 9003 in the 1994 versions will have three years in which to bring their existing systems into line with the new requirements. The basis of the new ISO 9000:2000 series is rather different from before in the following respects: the '20 elements', so familiar in the 1994 version of ISO 9001, are not actually present in individual clauses, but are identifiable; the new structure is process based, more generic and clearly based on the Plan→Do→Check→Act principle; the major features are: management responsibilities, resource management, product and/or service realisation, measurement, analysis and improvement, and customer satisfaction; and ISO 9001:2000 aligns with ISO 14001, the environmental standard     

Improvement tools in the UK construction industry

The use of improvement tools in manufacturing industry has proven to be an important aspect of continuous improvement activities. To determine whether the same is true in the UK construction industry, a survey was conducted to assess the current level of use and perceived importance of such tools. In addition, the impact of the ISO 9001 quality system on the level of use and perceived importance of these tools was also investigated. Following a comprehensive literature review, more than thirty improvement tools were identified and categorized using affinity diagrams. Factor analysis was used to demonstrate that the proposed classification was valid. The results of the survey showed that, in terms of use, quality control, performance measures and technology tools are common practice in the industry. A similar set of tools/techniques was perceived as highly important except that technology and performance measures were interchanged. When comparing the mean use and mean perceived importance for each group of techniques, significant differences were found in tools that help to gather customer needs, those aimed at programming and those used for measuring performance. In terms of the ISO 9001 standard, it was found that certified companies make more use of and place higher levels of importance on most of the groups of tools studied than those not certified. The conclusions from the survey will help to develop a framework for suggesting which tools to use at each stage of a construction project.     

浅谈统计技术在工程施工中的应用

统计技术是质量管理的重要手段和工具。在工程质量管理中统计技术贯穿施工生产的全过程，为生产服务提供可靠依据，促进生产发展，提高工程质量。本文就多年的施工管理实践，结合2000版ISO9001标准，浅析统计技术在工程施工中的应用。     

Design and development and exclusions

Organisations that seek accredited certification to the quality management systems standard ISO 9001: 2000, or transfer to the new edition of the standard from the 1994 version, can exclude any part of sub-clause 7, provided such exclusions can be justified. Exclusions can be easily justified in some cases, but others, such as sub-clause 7.3, 'design and development', are sometimes more difficult to justify. This paper gives an interpretation of sub-clause 7.3, and discusses exclusions in manufacturing companies and service industries (a field marketing company, and nursing homes)     

Preparations for ISO 9001:2000 - a study of ISO 9000:1994 certified construction firms

Many research studies have been completed on the effectiveness of ISO 9000:1994 in the construction industry. The new ISO 9001:2000 requires firms to have a completely different mindset about achieving quality. From merely compliance with requirements, firms who intend to obtain ISO 9001:2000 certification have to understand fully the new requirements and how they may ‘fit’ the new standards into their present quality management systems, instead of changing their original work procedures to suit the Standard's requirements. This study presents a survey of the preparation work undertaken by construction firms in Singapore in moving from ISO 9000:1994 to ISO 9001:2000. From the research findings, it was found that most firms are ready for the conversion to the new Standard with slight beefing up of their existing quality management systems.     

混凝土公司贯彻ISO9001标准的控制要点

影响预拌混凝土质量的因素有很多,既有技术上的因素,也有管理上的因素.为确保这些因素处于受控状态,在组织内推行ISO9001是可行的办法.通过分析混凝土的生产和质量特点,并在分析的基础上结合ISO9001标准的要求,提出了混凝土公司建立质量管理体系时应关注的质量控制要点.     

论小型铸造厂如何构建ISO 9001质量管理模式

结合山西铝厂的贯标管理工作，从贯标的着重点、贯标的不适应性等方面，介绍了铸造企业在贯标工作中应如何构建适合自己的质量管理系统，并提出了应注意的一些问题。     

TQM与IS09001交融管理在建筑工程设计质量监控中的应用

建筑设计是建筑工程质量监控中的首要环节,TQM与IS09001：2000的相互结合在其质量管理体系中发挥着重要作用,文中探讨通过两者交融管理对建筑设计质量进行有效监控,使设计文件在满足业主使用要求的同时,能满足现行规范和设计单位的效益要求,实现“最高的质量和最低的成本”的目标。     

ISO 9001质量管理体系在地勘行业中的作用

ISO 9001质量管理体系是领导重视、全员参与的管理体系,是根据地勘行业自身需要而编制的管理程序文件。其所涉及的管理内容和控制要素覆盖了内部管理的绝大部分,在地勘行业质量管理控制上使之流程化、可追溯化、定量化将起到非常显著的作用,是提升地勘行业管理水平的有效帮手。     

教学质量监控体系在高校教学工作中的地位和作用

提高普通高等学校的教学质量,是我国加入WTO和进入高等教育大众化阶段后不容忽视的问题。章根据ISO9004-2与ISO9001质量标准的思想,研究了教学质量监控体系在普通高校教育教学工作中的地位和作用。     

Quantifying the causes and costs of rework in construction

Very few construction companies and consulting firms in Australia measure their costs of quality. Consequently, it is difficult for them to prove that systems for preventing quality failures are cost-effective. Although the direct costs of a quality system can be quantified with some accuracy (salaries, costs of documentation, audits, etc.), the corresponding benefits are far more difficult to assess. Indeed quality failures have become an endemic feature of the procurement process in construction and invariably lead to time and cost overruns in projects. Thus, in order to improve the performance of projects it is necessary to identify the causes and costs rework. The research presented in this paper quantifies the causes, magnitude and costs of rework experienced in two construction projects that were procured using different contractual arrangements. The causes and costs of rework projects are analysed and discussed. The findings reveal that the cost of rework for the case study projects was 3.15% and 2.40% of their project contract value. Changes initiated by the client and end-user together with errors and omissions in contract documentation were found to be the primary causes of rework. It is recommended that construction companies and consultant firms (particularly design consultants) implement quality management practices as well as place emphasis on coordinating project documentation during the design development process so that the amount of rework in projects can be reduced or even eliminated.     

ISO 9000 and beyond: from a Hong Kong construction perspective

Client driven ‘pushes’ for ISO 9000 certification in Hong Kong are observed to have overtaken any spontaneous ‘pull factors’ (motivators) towards quality improvements ‘for their own sake’. For example, the need for ISO 9000 certification as a prerequisite for even being considered for public sector construction works appears to have distracted some organizations from a more comprehensive organization-specific development of their quality management systems. Both positive (beneficial) and negative (detrimental) outcomes from ISO 9000 certification, as observed from relevant previous studies, are summarized herein. These provide a useful background against which to present perceptions derived from the current study in Hong Kong construction. The target groups were predominantly from consultants in the initial survey and all from contractors in the second and more comprehensive survey. The more significant positive and negative outcomes from ISO 9000 certification as derived from the two current surveys are identified. Recommendations are made for realigned approaches to ISO 9000 certification and for seamless integration with other quality management approaches such as TQM, as well as with other management subsystems, such as for productivity improvement and dispute minimization.     

ISO 9000 certification and construction project performance: The Malaysian experience

Purpose

This paper explores the relationship between an ISO 9000 certified quality management system (QMS) and elements of performance in construction project environments.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey based approach is used to collect data from project managers working in the Malaysian construction sector in both ISO 9000 certified and non-certified organisations. Three elements of performance are explored: project management (PM) practices, financial management (FM) practices and Project Success. The Project Management Performance Assessment model (PMPA) (Bryde, 2003) is used as the framework for assessing PM Practices. 336 completed questionnaires are analysed, with a group of 73 being from ISO 9000 certified companies (a response rate of 48.3%) and a group of 262 being from non-certified companies (response rate = 32.6%). MANOVA are used to explore differences in levels of performance between the two groups.

Findings

Overall there is significance difference in mean scores at the 5% level in respect of each of the PM and FM Practice elements of performance, indicating that ISO 9000 certified companies have enhanced levels of performance in their project environments compared to those in non-certified companies. The two exceptions are the PM Practice related to establishing partnerships and managing resources and the FM Practice related to allowing for inflation and price escalations. The results also indicate that ISO 9000 certification has a positive moderating effect on the casual relationship between PM Practices and Project Success. Based on the survey results a Project Management Performance Assessment for Construction (PMPAC) model is developed, which extends the PMPA to include performance enablers linked to financial management activities.

Research limitations/implications

The survey focuses on the construction sector in Malaysia and further work is required to see if the findings are applicable to other countries and also to other business sectors beyond the construction sector.

Originality/value

The research reported in this paper is original in that prior research into the link of ISO 9000 certification and dimensions of organizational performance has not explicitly focused on project environments. The research findings provide evidence that those seeking to enhance their project performance could gain benefits from developing a QMS and seeking ISO 9000 accreditation. However the finding also indicate that an approach to performance management based solely on establishing a certified QMS may have its limitations in terms of establishing processes for managing the relationships on a project through partnership approaches and in dealing with uncertainty in the external environment, such as price fluctuations. The PMPAC model presented in this paper provides a framework for those working in construction project environments to ensure their project management systems incorporate the key activities that enable better performance.     

密集建筑群下大断面隧道施工反馈分析及安全性控制研究

 厦门梧村隧道施工影响区域内建筑物密集,具有超浅埋、大跨度、工艺复杂、工序繁多、地面建筑物保护要求高等高风险特征,在隧道施工过程中研究并实施复杂地质情况和周边环境条件下隧道的动态反馈分析方法。现场监测内容有建筑物及地表沉降、建筑物裂缝、建筑物倾斜、隧道拱顶沉降、隧道围岩收敛、土体深部位移、土体分层沉降、爆破震动、地下水位等,对重要建筑物还采用静力水准仪进行自动化监测。在对梧村隧道进行施工反馈分析过程中,按照ISO9001质量认证体系要求建立一个完善、高效的运作体系,根据城市隧道工程修建经验以及梧村隧道前期研究成果,对隧道施工对周边环境以及隧道自身结构的影响进行监测,除采取常规监测手段外,以建筑物不均匀沉降自动化监测、监测信息管理和预测预报系统、局域网和广域网进行监测信息反馈、桌面报警系统和电子显示板等预警设施等先进技术来开展施工反馈分析工作,使梧村隧道施工反馈分析工作具有鲜明的信息化特色。     

浅谈过程管理在岩土工程勘察质量管理中的应用

随着ISO9000标准的贯彻,过程管理的思想已深入到各个产品的质量形成过程中,文章结合岩土工程勘察工作实际,介绍了过程管理在岩土工程勘察质量管理中的应用,并从具体的工序管理中说明了过程管理在岩土工程勘察质量控制中的有效性.     

Saving the planet or costing the earth?: are environmentalmanagement systems worth the paper they are written on?

Environmental management systems such as ISO14001 and EMAS may be major growth areas for the accredited certification bodies, but do they do anything either for the business performance of an organisation or the environment itself? This article gives a layman's guide to developing and implementing an environmental management system, and explains how the ISO14001 standard has been written to address many of the criticisms previously levied against the value of certification to ISO9001. Environmental management systems provide a practical tool for turning the rhetoric of a commitment to the environment into reality, but are not for the faint hearted. Engineering, through its keystone contribution to all goods and services that are produced, must recognise and play its part     

地铁建设工程地下管线探测项目管理经验探讨

通过介绍深圳地铁1号线续建工程地下管线探测的一些过程和方法,和大家分享其中的几点管理经验,包括IPMP理论在管线探测项目管理中的实际应用以及如何贯彻ISO9001：2000质量管理体系等。     

应用过程方法实施测绘工程项目质量策划

全国城市勘测单位贯彻ISO9001：2000标准的工作已实施多年，随着质量管理体系的建立和保持，对管理体系的各个过程进行持续改进将是下一步工作的重点，而八项质量管理原则中的过程方法就是一个很好的工具，本文从测绘项目的质量策划这个方面来阐述过程方法的应用。     

Integrating buildability in ISO 9000 quality management systems: case study of a condominium project

Productivity and quality are two inter-related issues of utmost importance in the construction industry. The buildability concept and ISO 9000 quality management systems are used to help raise productivity and quality standards in construction. However, both buildability principles and ISO 9000 quality system elements are frequently considered separately in many consulting and construction firms. Many of these firms have also developed and implemented ISO 9000 quality management systems in their organisations. To achieve synergy, this paper argues by means of a case study of a private condominium project that buildability principles can be integrated within ISO 9000 quality management systems.