扬州盐商住宅外部空间夏季热环境探究——以贾氏盐商住宅为例

为挖掘扬州盐商住宅的生态智慧，对扬州贾氏盐商住宅的外部空间微气候环境进行现场测试，分析盐商住宅外部空间中的空气温度、相对湿度及风速的变化规律；同时结合天空视域因子（SVF），探讨盐商住宅外部空间形态对夏季热环境的影响。研究结果表明：扬州盐商住宅的空间格局和空间形态具有良好的气候适应性，外部空间与内部空间紧密结合，形成了渐进的热环境梯度特征。     

未来住宅的设计

和福利分房时期大不一样,如今住宅市场化迫使住宅设计院重新审视一些问题。什么样的住宅是好住宅?未来住宅设计究竟要解决哪些问题? 1998年上半年政府宣布停止福利分房决定,引起了住宅市场的一场震荡,打破了人们的长期依赖于等、要的观念,思考着依靠自身的力量和货币分配的受益,自行来选择满意的住宅。在这种格局下,人们从以往的被动地去适应分配的住房而到了主动选择的住宅,引起了本质的变化。人们对住宅选择余地增大了,人们对住宅的功能品质的要求苛刻了,人们对增值的愿望迫切了。 如何适应这种变化,满足不同的要求,就需要建筑设计师不断地研究人们的居住生活行为,不同人群的居住意识和居住需求,因此有人提出“设计住宅,首先要     

大空间壁式框轻结构住宅

唐山宏达房地产开发公司应用壁式框轻结构体系建设了一批八度抗震设防大空间节能住宅。这种结构体系就是利用住宅建筑的楼梯间和单元分户墙布置剪力墙壁式框架，承受竖向和水平荷载，单元内不设承重墙和柱。与其他结构体系相比，优点是：（１）在保证同等抗侧移刚度和竖向承载力的情况下，剪力墙混凝土比普通柱截面混凝土节约２０％；（２）室内使用面积大为提高，使用面积与建筑面积之比达０．８５，而普通砖混住宅仅为０．７０；（３）大空间可灵活隔断，该工程最大开间９．９ｍ，能随居住人员的变化和需求自行设计组合室内居室；（４）楼…     

刍议房地产开发的质量否决制

本文强调住宅工程质量的管理、监督是摆在各级政府和房地产开发企业面前的当务之急，而行使质量否决权不失为是一剂良药。全文分为天方面阐述否决权：（１）各级政府主管部门对房地产开发企业的质量否决权；（２）房地产开发企业对设计单位的质量否决权。（３）房地产开发企业对施工单位的质量否决权。     

努力发展灵活大空间住宅

努力发展灵活大空间住宅刘爱国一、灵活大空间住宅是住宅功能的客观需要研究和开发大开间灵活住宅，以进一步改善住宅建筑的使用功能和质量，是住宅由温饱型向小康型发展的重要手段。早在６０年代初，荷兰建筑师哈布瑞肯就提出了＂支撑体理论＂（即ＳＡＲ体系），在ＳＡＲ...     

建立房地产开发招标投标体制规范房地产开发市场政府管理

建立房地产开发招标投标体制规范房地产开发市场政府管理张晖近年来，城市房地产综合开发发展迅速，对改变城市面貌，繁荣城市经济，推进住宅商品化，改善城市居民的住房条件作出了巨大的贡献。但是，随着房地产开发市场深层次的推进，由于房地产开发市场旧的管理模式与市...     

未来住宅的设计

和福利分房时期大不一样 ,如今住宅市场化迫使住宅设计师重新审视一些问题。什么样的住宅是好住宅？未来住宅设计究竟要解决哪些问题？１９９８年上半年由政府宣布了停止福利分房的决定 ,引起了住宅市场的一场震荡 ,打破了人们长期依赖等、要的观念 ,思考着依靠自身的力量和货币分配的受益 ,自行来选择满意的住宅。在这种格局下 ,人们从以往被动地去适应分配的住房 ,转到了主动选择住宅 ,人们对住宅的选择余地增大了 ,人们对住宅功能品质的要求苛刻了 ,人们对增值的愿望也迫切了。如何适应这种变化 ,满足不同的要求 ,就需要建筑设计师不断地…     

住宅室内设计的个性化

近些年政府为解决城市居民住房难的问题,大面积修建住宅,进行危房改建,使城市居民的住房条件有了明显改善。随着经济的发展,人民生活水平的提高,手头富裕了的人们对于住宅的要求也远远超过以往。从建筑设计到室内装修,人们不再仅仅满足于基本的使用功能要求,而开始追求居住环境的精神质量,力求营造更理想的、优美舒适的家庭空间。在一幢幢新建的住宅楼中,水泥地、白灰墙的居室已绝少     

青岛东岸城区住宅价格空间格局研究

以2018年青岛市东岸城区1617个住宅小区均价数据为基础,采用核密度分析、空间自相关分析和地理加权回归分析等方法,分析了青岛市住宅价格空间分布格局及其影响因素.研究结果表明:青岛市住宅空间呈现市南区、市北区密集,崂山区、李沧区蓬勃发展的格局,住宅价格热点主要集中在南部区域,冷点主要分布在市北区和李沧区;建成时间、三甲医院、公园、商圈、地铁站点、重点中小学是影响住宅价格的重要因素,各影响因素与住宅价格的关系随空间位置而发生正负向变化,影响程度有显著的空间差异.     

欧美城市居住混居的理论、实践与启示

市场经济转型背景下出现的贫富差距带来日益明显的居住空间分化,社会群体空间分异居问题成为当前政府、社会和城市居民普遍关注的焦点议题。居住分化问题在欧美国家普遍存在,而欧美国家近年已经开始倡导采取住房混合战略以实现混居格局。本文从理论和实践两个层次分析了欧美国家城市近年来的居住分化与混居模式,并对其进行了系统评述。     

Accessibility of Services and Facilities for Residents in Public Housing in Urban Areas of Ogun State, Nigeria

Against the backdrop of the need to improve accessibility of services and infrastructural facilities for urban residents in Nigeria, this study examined the accessibility of services and facilities for urban residents in newly constructed public housing in Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria. The study was based on household surveys and data were collected from 452 respondents in nine public housing estates constructed between 2003 and 2010 in urban centers in the study area using structured questionnaire and observation schedule. It was observed that although the majority of households in the housing estates have good access to human waste disposal system, accessibility to refuse bins, treated water, electricity, and public transport services as well as educational, shopping, recreational, healthcare, drainage, and other vital facilities is poor. One instructive finding of this study is that more emphasis is given to the production of dwelling units than accessibility to basic services and facilities for residents in public housing schemes in the study area. The paper suggests that to improve the quality of public housing and living standard of residents, policy action is required to compel public housing developers to provide basic services and facilities in housing schemes in Nigerian cities.     

Livability of subsidized housing estates in marketized socialist China: An institutional interpretation

To cope with the increasingly severe problem of housing unaffordability brought about by marketization reforms, the government of marketized socialist China has adopted a nationwide policy of constructing large-scale subsidized housing estates. However, the livability of these housing estates is yet to be investigated. Improvements in the livability of these estates must be based on an in-depth understanding of institutional forces and processes. A household survey of 11 subsidized housing estates suggests that the unfavorable quality of built environments, largely owing to the spatially and socially isolated locations, cannot meet the actual needs of low-income residents. The inheritance from the socialist planned economy, including the bureaucratic administrative system, limited and inefficient negotiations between government departments, and a limited and unstable supply of land that rooted in the land marketization reform, has significantly influenced the provision of subsidized housing as well as its livability.     

Achieving Social Justice in Estate Regeneration: The Impact of Physical Image Construction

Like many other countries, Australia is grappling with the issues around the future of large public housing estates. This paper explores questions about physical image construction in six estates undergoing regeneration. Whilst improved housing amenity and image of the areas are crucial components of estate regeneration, it is argued that these aspects will not automatically benefit existing socio-economically disadvantaged residents. In the current political context, three key questions are raised: (1) In whose images the estates are being recreated, housing authorities, private property developers or residents?; (2) Whether the physical images are being imposed or democratised and used for the purposes of community development?; and (3) What the overall consequences and housing policy implications are likely to be? It is argued that the entry of market capital and the buying and selling of place through physical image reconstruction, to attract more affluent residents to the estates, is likely to add to rather than ameliorate the inequality of current public housing residents.     

Trends of out-mobility from large housing estates in Stockholm: influences of the housing policy and neighbourhood context

Since 1990s Stockholm housing market has seen deregulations in accordance with liberalization trends in other European welfare states. The new governance principles together with increasing immigration and public rental housing conversions into cooperative housing in attractive inner city areas have put pressure on still rental-dominated estates because fewer rental dwellings must now cater to expanding numbers of people who have little choice on the housing market. In recent decades, many estates have displayed increasing signs of stigmatization, social exclusion, and outflow of relatively affluent people. This paper improves our knowledge of how the housing policy and economic changes have affected out-mobility from the housing estates in case of three cohorts of young people and how the childhood neighbourhood conditions affect this. Individual annual Swedish registry data (1990–2014) are employed to longitudinally study the out-mobility patterns of three cohorts that grew up in the estates against the backdrop of marketization, growing inequality and deteriorating conditions. This study supplements the existing literature on housing estates by clarifying how income has become more and ethnicity less important over time in explaining sorting patterns from these estates. However, the combination of the two has determined sorting throughout the study period. Growing up in a higher socioeconomic status neighbourhood had modest impact on reducing socioeconomic differences in out-mobility from the estates, while leading to more sorting based on ethnic background.

     

关于居住区会所科目配置的探讨

以实态调查为基础,分析了住宅会所空置无用的根本原因,从客户需求和开发商供给两个角度探讨了如何对住宅会所进行合理配置,希望能够为住宅会所的设计和管理提供一些依据。     

Effects of outdoor shared spaces on social interaction in a housing estate in Algeria

This study aims to identify how the characteristics of shared outdoor spaces in housing estates influence residents to interact with one another. The study specifically focuses on a housing project called la cité des 1000 logts, which is situated in a zone d'habitat urbaine nouvelle in Biskra, a city in South Algeria. The investigation draws on two sources of information, observations of the ways in which the residents use their neighborhood spaces and a questionnaire survey with residents about the perceived adequacy of these spaces for social interaction. Data for the survey was collected from the owners of flats in the apartment blocks surrounding the open spaces. Housing samples were taken from a total of 1000 housing units identified within the study area. Twenty five percent (25%) of the total housing units were selected. Out of the 250 questionnaires administered to household-heads who were the respondents, only 230 were subsequently retrieved for data analysis. Results showed that the high degree of “openness” of la cité des 1000 logts and the poor quality of communal outdoor spaces in the area discourage all forms of spatial use and reduce these outdoor spaces to transit areas. Furthermore, findings indicated that the layout of buildings and the quality of common outdoor spaces in residential neighborhoods substantially affect the use of these spaces and the social interaction among residents.     

Development Pathways of Large Housing Estates in Post-socialist Cities: An International Comparison

Large housing estates in former state-socialist countries had been hardly affected by social erosion before the political changes. However, the emergence of new, capitalist forms of housing after 1990 started to endanger the position of large housing estates on the local housing market. The question was repeatedly raised in the literature about whether large housing estates of post-socialist cities would experience physical decay and social downgrading similar to the West. This paper investigates the socio-economic differentiation of large housing estates in the former state-socialist countries using a case study approach. Housing satisfaction and mobility of residents in four post-socialist housing estates were analysed through a standardised household survey. Empirical data confirm that despite their similar physical appearance, the attitude of people towards large housing estates and their position on the local housing market vary significantly. The authors conclude that even though socialist large housing estates are affected by social downgrading, nevertheless they represent relative social stability and can offer affordable housing to people who are at the start of their housing career.     

Housing Reform and its Impacts on the Urban Poor in China

Housing provision in Chinese cities has experienced many changes since 1979 when the country embarked on major economic reform. During the late 1980s and the 1990s many publicly owned houses were sold to their existing tenants or other public sector employees. Large numbers of new houses were built by commercial property developers for the emerging urban housing market. As a result, new patterns of residents have emerged. Housing areas of different standards for different social groups became a dominant feature of large Chinese cities at the end of the 1990s. Will the urban poor benefit from these changes and what is their housing situation like under the reformed system? This paper addresses these questions by examining the nature of the emerging urban poor and their accessibility to housing. It involves an assessment of the implications of recent housing reform policies for the disadvantaged groups. The paper identifies two major groups of urban poor in Chinese cities: the poor among the official urban residents and the poor rural to urban migrants. It concludes that while housing problems of the official urban poor have been recognised, there is no formal policy in relation to housing provision for the unofficial poor.     

Master Planned Estates and Collective Private Assets in Australia: Research into the Attitudes of Planners and Developers

Master planned estates have grown in number Australia and internationally as a favoured form of development in new and infill estates. This paper explores the use of legal entities known in the state of Victoria as owners' corporations to hold communal assets in private ownership for the exclusive use of those living in master planned estates. The privatization of assets that would normally be held by municipal government has been associated by some with heightened conflict in estates, greater costs for residents and increased separation from the larger community. This paper seeks to investigate the motivations and attitudes of both local government planners and developers in utilizing forms of private collective ownership in residential estates in a major city of Australia, Melbourne. This empirical investigation demonstrates that developers generally utilize these ownership structures in order to provide a different, but not necessarily better, standard of facilities as a means of market differentiation. Planners, on the other hand, are more diffident in their endorsement of privatized community ownership and demonstrate a degree of concern about their changed relationship to residents in such estates. The research suggests that issues relating to this choice of ownership of community assets have not been fully considered by local government, particularly in terms of protecting the long-term interests of residents.     

Towards more Social Cohesion in Large Post-Second World War Housing Estates? A Case Study in Utrecht,the Netherlands1

The last few years have seen many studies of large post-Second World War housing estates. At present they are often the most deprived areas of European cities. The turnover of the population on these estates is characteristically rapid, leading to considerable socio-economic and socio-cultural changes and a multi-ethnic neighbourhood. Such areas often have to contend with severe physical, social and economic problems and the consequent dissatisfaction of the residents. This combination of rapid and selective population turnover and increasing numbers of problems may well affect aspects of social cohesion within these neighbourhoods, particularly the social networks. This process is regrettable, because social cohesion is regarded in a positive light, something that enhances the quality of life. Stimulating social cohesion is therefore an important objective of many policies that focus on large post-Second World War housing estates. The authors have found it interesting to discover how important social cohesion is in the opinions and the lives of the inhabitants rather than the policy makers. In their opinion, urban policies focus on social cohesion while the inhabitants' views of its relevance are unknown. On the basis of this paper, certain aspects of social cohesion in large post-Second World War housing estates appear to be valued, but housing market behaviour, such as residential moves, is hardly affected by aspects of social cohesion. Other aspects, such as moving to a better house, are much more relevant. The results may put into doubt the stress placed in urban policies on social cohesion.