缺陷桩周围成层土振动响应解析解及其在旁孔透射波法中的应用

通过建立缺陷桩–成层土耦合计算模型,考虑桩周土的三维轴对称振动,求解得到桩身竖向振动下周围土响应的频域解析解,并通过傅里叶逆变换得到其在时域内的半解析表达。在此基础上建立简化模型,并将解析解与有限元软件分析结果进行对比,证明了本文解的合理性。随后,分别考虑了缺陷桩–均质土、完整桩–成层土及缺陷桩–成层土各工况参数对桩周土振动响应的影响,并得到桩周土的波动规律,其可为旁孔透射波法的现场应用提供指导。此外,还针对该测试方法涉及的主要技术参数展开了进一步研究,明确了注意事项。     

成层场地条件下远场地震动传播特性试验研究

设计并完成了成层场地的大型振动台模型试验,研究了成层场地条件下远场地震动传播特性,研究结果表明:从整体来说,当加载El Centro波和汶川卧龙波时,加速度放大系数峰值随岩层倾角的增加而增大,此增大趋势不明显;加速度放大系数峰值随输入地震波峰值增加而增大,此增大趋势较为明显。对于不同岩层倾角的场地,傅里叶谱的幅值均随着高程的增加而增加,在顶部碎石土场地中具有最大的傅里叶谱幅值,建于碎石土场地上的建筑物将遭遇最大的地震动速度。     

在砂质粉土液化层中要慎重选择桩型

在砂质粉土液化层中要慎重选择桩型杭州南阳经济开发区阳城热电厂的工程场地，是２０多年前围海筑填而成的地带，地下水位高、孔隙比大、地层稳定性差，场内地质条件以砂质粉土为主，且已达到饱和状态，天然含水量达２２％～３１％，孔隙比０．７左右，经采用跨孔剪切波原...     

土工合成材料对路堤长期稳定性及工后沉降的负面影响分析

从土工合成材料作用机理着手,分析了在高速公路软基处理中使用土工合成材料会对路堤长期稳定性及工后沉降产生负面影响。土工合成材料的长期强度损失及模量的降低会降低路堤的长期稳定性。土工合成材料的长期变形和松弛对工后沉降也会产生一定的不利影响。某高速公路试验段实测资料表明,一层土工布对工后沉降的影响可忽略不计,两层土工布约增加工后沉降40～50mm。     

上海黏性土的初始剪切模量试验研究

以上海天然沉积黏性土②~⑥层土为研究对象,利用共振柱仪器实现了各土层在不同固结压力下的弯曲元和共振柱试验,得到了各层土体小应变水平下的初始剪切模量。试验结果表明,利用弯曲元试验时域初达波法和时域峰值法能得到与现场单孔波速原位测试结果相一致的剪切波速;共振柱试验得到的土体小应变初始剪切模量与弯曲元试验结果基本一致。分析表明,在所试验的各层土中,第③层淤泥质粉质黏土和第④层淤泥质黏土的剪切模量相对较小,第⑥层土的剪切模量最大;第②、⑤层土的剪切模量接近,且大于③、④层,小于第⑥层土,这与土样的实际天然状态是相吻合的。利用Rampello公式可较好地拟合上海黏性土的初始剪切模量,所得的拟合曲线可用来确定各土层在不同深度处的初始剪切模量。     

应力波在功能梯度土介质中传播的特性研究

研究了将功能梯度材料中应力波传播的计算模型应用到土介质中，提出了梯度土介质的概念。结合黄土地层的实际情况和试验结果，将土的剪切模量和阻尼比归纳为随深度旱指数连续变化的函数，推导了应力波在该梯度土介质材料中的运动方程，然后应用有限差分法对波动方程进行了求解。计算了在梯度士介质地层模型下，不同厚度上层、不同土介质时地表的位移、速度以及加速度对上部结构影响的反应谱曲线，并进行了比较分析，得出了在地震波作用下地表反应对结构物影响的有关规律性，可为地基抗震工程提供参考。     

地震波斜入射时二维成层介质自由场求解的等效线性化方法

基于等效线性化频域数值求解方法和二维应变空间状态理论,提出了一种地震波斜入射时二维水平成层介质的非线性地震反应分析方法。首先,建立地震波斜入射下成层弹性介质频域传递矩阵;其次,结合等效线性化方法,给出了地震波斜入射情况下二维等效剪应变求解方法,进而求得任一层的等效刚度和阻尼比,并进行迭代计算,直到满足给定的精度为止;最后根据满足精度要求的等效刚度和阻尼比进行成层介质地震反应分析,求取目标层的地震响应。对某二维水平成层场地地震波斜入射(SH波、SV波和P波)时的非线性地震反应进行了计算,并研究了成层介质场地地震反应随入射角的变化而变化的规律。     

等效拟静力法估算强夯加固深度的改进

首先介绍了不少学者对等效拟静力法的应用,并得到和实际工程接近的估算值,其次总结了一些学者对等效拟静力法的改进。在均质土的等效拟静力法估算强夯加固深度的基础上,提出了成层土中等效拟静力法的估算方法,并通过对实例的计算和真实数据的对比,得出该方法在成层土中应用的可行性。     

成层土中桩的纵向振动理论研究及应用

建立了成层土中考虑桩端和桩侧土作用的有限长桩在任意激励力作用下的定解问题 ,并用拉氏(Laplace)变换和阻抗传递函数求得任意层土中桩顶速度和位移响应函数的解析表达式 ,然后利用卷积定理和付里叶 (Fourier)逆变换求得半正弦脉冲激振力作用下桩顶的速度时域响应的半解析解 (积分形式解 )。并就成层土中的桩侧和桩底土的特性的变化对桩纵向振动特性的影响作了进一步的研究。     

地震作用下大型地铁车站结构三维动力反应分析

引入三维等效黏弹性边界单元,阐述波动散射问题的自由波场输入方法,推广应用于三维水平成层半空间模型,采用集中有限元质量模型和有限差分的概念将地震动场转化为施加在人工边界节点上的等效荷载。基于某大型地铁车站,利用大型通用有限元ABAQUS软件建立考虑土–结构动力相互作用的三维有限元整体计算模型,通过局部人工边界的施加,实现了开放系统向封闭系统的转换,对土–地铁车站结构动力相互作用的整体三维模型进行模态分析,得到车站以及地基的振型特征。分析地铁车站结构在SV波及P波地震波作用下的反应,得到相应的内力分布规律和结构不利位置。从分析结果可以看出,地震波横向SV波输入时对车站结构最不利,结构刚度突变位置的构件内力也存在突变,而P波对结构的轴力影响较大。     

流体饱和层状半空间中沉积谷地对地震波的散射— IBIEM求解

针对流体饱和层状半空间中任意形状沉积谷地对地震波的散射问题,基于单层位势理论,建立一种新的间接边界积分方程法（IBIEM）：首先推导饱和层状半空间中两类膨胀波源和剪切波源动力格林函数,进而由分布在沉积谷地和层状半空间交界面附近两虚拟波源面上的P_I、P_II和SV波源分别构造沉积内外的散射波场。由交界面连续性条件建立方程并求解确定虚拟波源密度,总波场即可由自由波场和散射波场叠加而得。然后通过边界条件验算、退化解答与现有结果的比较,验证了方法的计算精度。通过一组典型算例,初步探讨了平面SV波在饱和层状半空间中沉积谷地周围散射的基本规律。研究表明：饱和层状沉积对地震波的散射和相应干土情况存在显著差异,边界渗透条件对沉积内部地震响应具有重要影响;饱和层状场地中波的散射和均质半空间情况有着本质不同,总体反应体现了饱和土层的共振放大效应和沉积谷地对波的散射效应。实际场地中地震波传播的精确模拟需考虑岩土介质的多相性和层理特征。     

Numerical modeling of parallel seismic method for detecting existing piles in layered soil

For piles connected to superstructures, whose pile tops are inaccessible, a lateral horizontal impact on the side of the piles through the generation of a flexural wave of the pile shaft is a more feasible approach. This paper presents a parallel seismic (PS) method based on the flexural wave of the pile shaft that combines down-hole tests for the length and an integrity evaluation of existing piles in layered soil. It is suggested that two PS tests be conducted by horizontal striking on the side surface of the pile along and perpendicular to the pile-to-borehole direction, respectively. The first arrivals of the transmitted P-wave and S-wave at the pile-soil interface obtained in these two PS tests and the results of down-hole tests are combined to analyze the pile length and to distinguish the embedded defects for the pile integrity evaluation. A simplified theoretical model for PS tests in layered soil is established, and a correction formula is proposed to correct the initial estimated pile length accordingly. A three-dimensional finite element model is then established to verify the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed PS method in layered soil and the correction formula.     

回传射线矩阵法分析桩的横向动力响应

将Timoshenko梁引入到弹性地基梁模型中 ,考虑地基土的分层变化 ,建立了桩顶作用一水平动荷载桩的横向动力响应的基本方程。采用Fourier变换和回传射线矩阵法 ,获得了桩基横向自由振动的频率方程 ;通过离散Fourier反变换 ,得到了冲击荷载作用下桩身的动力响应。经算例分析 ,桩基横向动力响应的传播深度与土层分布以及桩土之间的相对刚度密切相关     

Propagation of seismic waves in tall buildings

A discrete-time wave propagation formulation of the seismic response of tall buildings is introduced. The building is modeled as a layered medium, similar to a layered soil medium, and is subjected to vertically propagating seismic shear waves. Soil layers and the bedrock under the foundation are incorporated in the formulation as additional layers. Seismic response is expressed in terms of the wave travel times between the layers, and the wave reflection and transmission coefficients at the layer interfaces. The equations account for the frequency-dependent filtering effects of the foundation and floor masses. The calculation of seismic response is reduced to a pair of simple finite-difference equations for each layer, which can be solved recursively starting from the bedrock. Compared to the commonly used vibration formulation, the wave propagation formulation provides several advantages, including simplified calculations, better representation of damping, ability to account for the effects of the soil layers under the foundation, and better tools for identification and damage detection from seismic records. Examples presented show the versatility of the method. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

扭转波应用于低应变动力测桩的理论研究

给出层状土中多缺陷桩在桩顶冲击扭矩作用下桩顶扭转响应的解。考虑了桩土相互作用。应用Laplace变换和传递矩阵 ,解桩的满足初始条件和边界条件的一组偏微分方程 ,导出桩土系统的传递函数 ,得到桩顶某点扭转振动速度的频率响应函数和频率域表达式。该点扭转振动速度时程由快速Fourier逆变换计算。用这种解研究桩的扭转波特征 ,其结论对应用扭转波进行低应变动力测桩有指导意义     

瑞利波检测技术在地基强夯加固中的应用

利用瑞利波检测技术,对厦门某海域吹填砂强夯加固地基进行了强夯前后的现场测试,并与动力触探试验成果进行了对比。结果表明:瑞利测试得到的是场地分层剪切波速,土层介质力学参数多与剪切波速有关;瑞利波波速与地基承载力有一定的相关性,可大致估算强夯地基的承载力;地基强夯前后的试验结果与动力触探成果相符,说明瑞利波可以有效地应用于地基强夯效果的检测中;对瑞利波检测技术在地基强夯加固效果评价中的应用提出了合理化建议。     

成层地基非线性波动问题人工边界与波动输入研究

建立了考虑非线性效应的无限成层地基波动模拟的时域人工边界条件及相应的波动输入方法。首先，推导了线性阻尼介质中的一维人工边界公式，进而推广得到近似的二维人工边界方程：然后，通过等效线性化处理，获得了近似考虑远场成层地基非线性效应的人工边界：最后，建立了相应的波动输入方法。数值算例表明，所给出的人工边界与波动输入方法具有良好的精度，可以方便地应用于成层地基非线性波动问题的研究。     

Geotextile stabilization of seabeds: large scale experiments

Large-scale laboratory experiments were conducted to validate a Biot consolidation model for cyclic loading of layered seabeds. A three-layered horizontal soil system was modelled as a fine sand covered by a gravel overburden with various geotextiles separating the two unique geologic materials. Soil response was monitored with longitudinal and depth profiled pressure measurements. Monochromatic wave testing conditions were generated for shallow to deep water waves. Experimental results verified the theoretical model, yielding a pore pressure response which was linear with respect to wave amplitude and which decayed hyperbolically with depth. Higher frequencies showed increased depth attenuation. All geotextiles tested functioned to maintain a sharp interface between the soil layers but were shown to be hydraulically transparent.     

考虑沉积作用的成层地基自重应力与沉降计算

研究了沉积作用对成层地基自重应力与沉降的影响，给出了相应的计算公式，并对几种情况下的计算结果进行了分析比较。结果表明，考虑沉积作用后自重应力将沿深度呈非线性变化，沉积作用对地基沉降的影响随荷载和土压缩性以及土层厚度的增加而增大。该研究结果可用于成层地基一维大应变固结分析。     

Mechanical effects of tunneling on adjacent pipelines based on Galerkin solution and layered transfer matrix solution

The mechanical analysis of undercrossing tunneling on adjacent existing pipelines is an important challenge that geotechnical engineers may need to face when designing new excavation projects. A Galerkin solution and a layered transfer matrix solution for the tunnel–soil–pipeline interaction are given in order to compare the effects of soil stratifications on the pipeline behavior subjected to tunnel-induced soil movements. For the Galerkin solution, the soil is modeled by the modulus of subgrade reaction and the governing differential equations are converted to finite element equations using the Galerkin method. To take full consideration for non-homogeneous soil characteristics, a layered soil model is employed in the layered transfer matrix solution by applying the double Laplace transform and transfer matrix method. The differences between the two proposed solutions are verified with several examples including centrifuge modeling tests, finite difference numerical analysis and measured data in situ. Furthermore, the parametric analysis to existing pipelines in several representative layered soils in Shanghai is also carried out. The results discussed in this paper indicate that the Galerkin solution can estimate the pipeline mechanical behavior affected by tunneling in homogeneous soil with good precision. The layered transfer matrix solution is more suitable to simulate the soil stratifications on the pipeline behavior than the Galerkin solution.