高炉余能余热驱动ICR Brayton CHP装置的(火用)性能优化

采用有限时间热力学的思想,建立了高炉余能余热驱动的变温热源不可逆中冷回热(ICR)布雷顿热电联产(CHP)装置模型.以(火用)输出率和炯效率为目标优化了装置的性能,发现回热器对炯性能的影响在所有换热器中是最小的,当给定回热器热导率分配时,分别存在两个最佳的中间压比和两组最佳的高、低温侧和热用户侧换热器以及中冷器的热导率分配使炯输出率和炯效率取得最大值.进一步优化总压比,得到了双重最大(火用)输出率和炯效率.增大高炉余热源入口温度、压力恢复系数、压气机和涡轮机效率有利于提高装置的炯性能,在一定范围内,热用户温度越高越好.最后发现分别存在最佳的工质与热源间的热容率匹配使(火用)输出率和(火用)效率取得三重最大值.     

不可逆中冷焦耳_布雷顿功热并供系统火用分析

运用热力学火用分析的方法,分别考虑了高低温侧换热器、热回收装置侧换热器和中冷器的热阻损失,以及压缩机和涡轮机中的内不可逆损失,以无因次总输出火用和火用效率为目标函数,借助数值分析的方法,研究了恒温热源条件下不可逆中冷焦耳—布雷顿功热并供系统的火用性能,分析了主要特征参数对无因次总输出火用及火用效率的影响。分析结果表明,当中间压比不变而总压比变化时,存在一组最佳运行参数,使无因次总输出火用达到最大,还存在最大的总输出火用和火用效率以及相对应的一组最佳运行参数。提高中冷器换热有效度可以增加无因次总输出火用和火用效率。     

中冷回热布雷顿热电联产装置的(火用)经济性能——不可逆恒温热源循环性能分析

用有限时间热力学理论和方法研究了恒温热源不可逆中冷回热布雷顿热电联产装置的经济性能,导出了无量纲利润率和效率的解析式.讨论了总压比给定和总压比变化两种情形,优化了中间压比,通过数值计算详细分析了各设计参数对循环一般性能和最优性能的影响,发现回热和中冷能够较大地提高装置的利润率和效率,并且随压比的变化对利润率和效率具有不同的影响.讨论了利润率和效率之间的关系,其特性关系为扭叶型.最后发现分别存在最佳用户侧温度使得利润率和效率取得双重最大值.     

恒温热源不可逆中冷回热布雷顿热电联产装置的(火用)经济性能优化

用有限时间热力学理论和方法研究了恒温热源不可逆中冷回热布雷顿热电联产装置的火用经济性能,导出了无量纲利润率和火用效率的解析式.以利润率和火用效率为目标,通过数值计算对热导率的分配、中间压比的选取进行了优化.得到了最大利润率和火用效率.进一步对总压比进行优化,得到了双重最大利润率,但火用效率不存在双重最大值.详细分析了设...     

闭式内可逆回热布雷顿热电冷联产装置(火用)分析

应用有限时间热力学理论和方法建立了闭式内可逆回热布雷顿热电冷联产装置模型,导出了装置无量纲(火用)输出率和效率的解析式。通过数值计算分析了回热器热导率对(火用)输出率和(火用)效率的影响,发现存在临界压比,同时优化了压比,研究了热电比、制冷和供热温度等设计参数对最优(火用)输出率和(火用)效率以及相应最佳压比的影响,发现最优(火用)输出率时的设计压比要大于最优(火用)效率时的设计压比,最优(火用)输出率和(火用)效率均随冷用户温度的升高而减小,分别存在最佳的热用户温度使(火用)输出率和(火用)效率取得最大值,热用户温度对装置最优(火用)性能的影响比冷用户温度更为明显。     

中冷回热布雷顿热电联产装置的经济性能——不可逆恒温热源循环性能分析

用有限时间热力学理论和方法研究了恒温热源不可逆中冷回热布雷顿热电联产装置的经济性能,导出了无量纲利润率和效率的解析式。讨论了总压比给定和总压比变化两种情形,优化了中间压比,通过数值计算详细分析了各设计参数对循环一般性能和最优性能的影响,发现回热和中冷能够较大地提高装置的利润率和效率,并且随压比的变化对利润率和效率具有不同的影响。讨论了利润率和效率之间的关系,其特性关系为扭叶型。最后发现分别存在最佳用户侧温度使得利润率和效率取得双重最大值。     

不可逆回热布雷顿CCHP装置FTT建模

应用有限时间热力学理论和方法(FTT)建立了闭式不可逆回热布雷顿热电冷联产(CCHP)装置模型,导出了装置无量纲可用能率、火用输出率、利润率、第一定律效率和火用效率的解析式。通过数值计算得到了各个性能指标与压比的关系,优化了压比。分析了设计参数对最优性能的影响,发现回热能够显著增大第一定律效率和火用效率;增大压气机和透平效率、压力恢复系数能够增大5个性能指标,但前者使相应压比增大,后者使相应压比减小;增大热电比能够显著增大可用能率和第一定律效率;分别存在最佳的供热温度使5个最优性能指标取得最大值;提高冷库温度能增大可用能率和第一定律效率,但会降低火用输出率、火用效率和利润率。     

高炉余能余热驱动不可逆中冷回热燃气轮机热电联产装置的经济性能研究

建立了高炉余能余热驱动的变温热源不可逆中冷回热燃气轮机热电联产装置模型,以利润率为目标,用有限时间热力学理论和方法及有限时间经济分析法研究了装置的性能;导出了无量纲利润率和效率的解析式,分析了总压比给定和总压比变化两种情形,优化了中间压比和总压比;通过数值计算研究循环参数对装置性能的影响,讨论利润率和效率之间的关系,得出其特性关系为扭叶型;研究发现存在最佳的用户侧温度可以使利润率取得双重最大值。     

变温热源条件下内可逆闭式中冷回热布雷顿循环的功率优化

计入工质与高低浊侧换热器、回热器和中冷器的热阻损失以功率为优化目标，借助数值计算，研究了变温热源条件下内可逆闭式中冷回热布雷顿循环输出功率最大时，高低温侧换热器、回热器和中冷器的热导率分配以及中间压比与总压比的关系；分析了工质与热源间的热容率匹配对双重最大功率的影响。     

不可逆闭式布雷顿热电联产装置火用经济性能优化

应用有限时间热力学方法,研究了恒温热源条件下不可逆闭式布雷顿联产装置的火用经济性能,导出了利润率及火用效率解析式.利用数值计算方法,以利润率为目标,对热导率分配和压比的选取进行了优化.研究了最优利润率及相应火用效率特性,并分析了各种联产设计参数对联产优化性能的影响.结果表明,对于给定的总热导率,在高温、低温和用户侧换热器之间,存在唯一的最佳热导率分配比和唯一的最佳压比,使得装置的无因次利润率取得最大值;同时存在最佳用户温度.     

Exergy analysis of a coal‐based 210 MW thermal power plant

In the present work, exergy analysis of a coal‐based thermal power plant is done using the design data from a 210 MW thermal power plant under operation in India. The entire plant cycle is split up into three zones for the analysis: (1) only the turbo‐generator with its inlets and outlets, (2) turbo‐generator, condenser, feed pumps and the regenerative heaters, (3) the entire cycle with boiler, turbo‐generator, condenser, feed pumps, regenerative heaters and the plant auxiliaries. It helps to find out the contributions of different parts of the plant towards exergy destruction. The exergy efficiency is calculated using the operating data from the plant at different conditions, viz. at different loads, different condenser pressures, with and without regenerative heaters and with different settings of the turbine governing. The load variation is studied with the data at 100, 75, 60 and 40% of full load. Effects of two different condenser pressures, i.e. 76 and 89 mmHg (abs.), are studied. Effect of regeneration on exergy efficiency is studied by successively removing the high pressure regenerative heaters out of operation. The turbine governing system has been kept at constant pressure and sliding pressure modes to study their effects. It is observed that the major source of irreversibility in the power cycle is the boiler, which contributes to an exergy destruction of the order of 60%. Part load operation increases the irreversibilities in the cycle and the effect is more pronounced with the reduction of the load. Increase in the condenser back pressure decreases the exergy efficiency. Successive withdrawal of the high pressure heaters show a gradual increment in the exergy efficiency for the control volume excluding the boiler, while a decrease in exergy efficiency when the whole plant including the boiler is considered. Keeping the main steam pressure before the turbine control valves in sliding mode improves the exergy efficiencies in case of part load operation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

开式回热燃气轮机热电冷联产装置性能优化

建立了考虑压降的开式回热燃气轮机热电冷联产装置的有限时间热力学模型,导出了各个部件的相对压降和各个热流率与压气机进口相对压降的关系式,以第一定律效率、[火用]输出率、[火用]效率和利润率为目标,在无燃料消耗和装置尺寸约束下,通过数值计算发现分别存在最佳的压气机进口相对压降使[火用]输出率和利润率取得最优值,进一步优化压比,得到了最大[火用]输出率和利润率,分别存在最佳的供热温度使最大[火用]输出率和利润率取得双重最大值,以利润率为设计目标能够减小装置的尺寸.在燃料消耗和装置尺寸约束下,优化了压气机进口相对压降,得到了最优效率,同时各部件流通面积分配也得到了优化.回热能够增大装置的利润率和效率.     

从锅炉_效率分析看提高小型热电厂参数的意义

根据热量的概念推出锅炉效率公式，运用小偏差法原理导出效率与热效率及水蒸气平均吸热温度之间的相对变化率公式，分析了小型热电厂最高参数为次高温次高压的情况，得出提高电厂锅炉参数较提高热效率对增大燃料利用率更为重要的结论。     

Performance analysis of combined cycle power plant

Combined cycle power plants (CCPPs) are in operation with diverse thermodynamic cycle configurations. Assortment of thermodynamic cycle for scrupulous locality is dependent on the type of fuel available and different utilities obtained from the plant. In the present paper, seven of the practically applicable configurations of CCPP are taken into consideration. Exergetic and energetic analysis of each component of the seven configurations is conducted with the help of computer programming tool, i.e., engineering equation solver (EES) at different pressure ratios. For Case 7, the effects of pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature and ambient relative humidity on the first and second law is studied. The thermodynamics analysis indicates that the exergy destruction in various components of the combined cycle is significantly affected by the overall pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature and pressure loss in air filter and less affected by the ambient relative humidity.     

Performance improvements for olive oil refining plants

The main objective of this study, which is conducted for the first time to the best of the authors' knowledge, is to identify improvements in olive oil refinery plants' performance. In the analyses, the actual operational data are used for performance assessment purposes. The refinery plant investigated is located in Izmir Turkey and has an oil capacity of 6250 kg h⁻¹. It basically incorporates steam generators, several tanks, heat exchangers, a distillation column, flash tanks and several pumps. The values for exergy efficiency and exergy destruction of operating components are determined based on a reference (dead state) temperature of 25°C. An Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software program is utilized to do the analyses of the plant. The exergy transports between the components and the consumptions in each of the components of the whole plant are determined for the average parameters obtained from the actual data. The exergy loss and flow diagram (the so‐called Grassmann diagram) are also presented for the entire plant studied to give quantitative information regarding the proportion of the exergy input that is dissipated in the various plant components. Among the observed components in the plant, the most efficient equipment is found to be the shell‐ and tube‐type heat exchanger with an exergy efficiency value of 85%. The overall exergetic efficiency performance of the plant (the so‐called functional exergy efficiency) is obtained to be about 12%, while the exergy efficiency value on the exergetic fuel–product basis is calculated to be about 65%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

原油管输不可逆过程火用的传递和转换规律研究

基于不可逆过程热力学的基本理论,探讨了原油管输过程各不可逆过程的强度量势场梯度驱动力作用下的火用流传递现象,结合原油管道输送过程的基本场平衡方程组和普遍化热力学体系的火用平衡动力学方程,推导了管输过程的热火用和压火用传递和转换方程,进一步建立管输过程的总火用传递方程。以某原油管道为例,对管道输送过程进行数值分析得到管输过程中热火用和压火用的传递和转换火用流分布规律,为将火用的传递转换规律应用到管道节能体系中提供理论基础和合理依据。     

Effect of varying fuel types on oxy‐combustion performance

In search for clean energy solutions in a global warming era, oxy‐fuel combustion systems are promising. In the study, combustion products are calculated, and exergy analysis is done using the proposed multifeature equilibrium combustion model. And the results obtained for oxy‐combustion of different fuels at various oxygen fractions are given in comparison with conventional combustion. For validation, the model results are compared with popular combustion calculation tools, GASEQ and CEA. Effect of oxygen content on oxy‐combustion exergy analysis is calculated, also considering changes in equivalence ratio and combustion chamber inlet temperature. Moreover, indicating parameters for combustion performance, temperature ratio, chemical exergy, physical exergy, total specific exergy, and exergy destruction are utilized in the calculations elaborately. Changes in combustion product mole fractions are explained for rich and lean combustion regions. And also, specific exergy results are presented. In terms of exergy destruction, oxy‐combustion is more advantageous than conventional combustion. It has been shown that exergy destruction in combustion process with conventional air is approximately 1.5 times higher compared with 21% oxy‐combustion, both at different equivalence ratios and at different combustion chamber inlet temperatures. Nowadays, environment‐friendly, clean energy production systems are growing in numbers. In this concept, exergetic analyses of combustion for different fuels and greener natural gas, compared with diesel, gasoline, and methanol, are given in comparison. Considering four fuel types, advantageous and disadvantageous cases are presented for oxy‐combustion at different oxygen fractions and conventional combustion. As a result, diesel fuel is more advantageous than the other three fuel types, in terms of temperature ratio and exergy. Natural gas combustion appears to be disadvantageous in terms of specific exergy and temperature ratio, but it is the most advantageous in terms of exergy destruction. Consequently, distinctive comparison is done for oxy‐combustion and conventional combustion, determining positive and negative effects for different fuels.     

管道热输原油过程的(火用)传递分析

在求解热油管道温度场、压力场的基础上,给出了其包括压Yong、压Yong流密度、压Yong传递系数及其常影响因子在内的Yong传递分析指标。对大庆油田某热油管道的应用数值模拟表明：Yong传递分析不仅可对管道输送过程主导势场Yong传递的时空变化规律进行描述,对温度场、压力场二基本势场的协同作用机制作以合理解释,还提出了诸如增大压力可有效提高输油管道的压Yong传递系数等改进输送过程的技术途径。