节能外源融资渠道评价

本文简述了我国节能融资现状,扼要分析了节能外源融资的发展趋势,重点分析和评价了各种可用的节能外源融资渠道,以及它们在节能项目融资中的实际应用或潜在应用价值。     

我国合同能源管理融资模式分析与建议

本文在对我国节能服务公司分类研究的基础上,全面分析现有合同能源管理融资模式,及其融资难的主要原因,总结已有成功经验和存在问题,提出了建立EMC担保基金、构建"大型ESCO融资模式"等融资建议。     

绿色产业融资难题亟需破解

绿色金融在我国已迈开坚实的步伐。2007年以来,环境保护部会同中国银监会、中国保监会、中国证监会等金融监管部门不断推出"环保新政",相继出台"绿色信贷"、"绿色保险"、"绿色证券"等绿色金融产品。2008年,中国进出口银行、华夏银行、民生银行等3家银行借助国家发展改革委、财政部启动的中国节能融资项目的契机及利用世界银行转贷资金开展节能贷款业务,积极在国内开展节能融资项目。时至今日,3家银行累计投放节能贷款逾20亿元,带动企业直接节能投资超过51亿元,形成196万吨标准煤的     

利用国际融资推进节能减排

针对我国银行业节能信贷机制欠缺、企业实施节能改造融资难的问题,国家发展改革委、财政部与世界银行和全球环境基金（GEF）合作开发了中国节能融资项目,选择示范银行作为转贷银行,利用世界银行贷款,同时配套自有资金,为企业实施节能改造提供贷款,并推广示范银行经验,促进我国银行业广泛开展节能信贷业务,建立和完善市场化的节能融资机制。     

国外典型合同能源管理融资模式的对比研究

随着环境问题的日益突出,合同能源管理这种基于市场的合作节能新机制应运而生。在商业领域,设计巧妙的节能合作机制对于推进节能产业发展、促进减排和改善环境具有十分重要的意义。针对合同能源管理融资模式,对美国和巴西合同能源管理领域中的典型融资模式进行重点研究,分析了其设计的精妙之处并进行了比较评价,并对我国合同能源管理融资模式融资难这一问题提出建议。     

中国节能融资项目开通互联网站

国家发展改革委、财政部与世界银行和全球环境基金（GEF）合作开发的中国节能融资项目,旨在利用世界银行转贷资金,并配套国内银行资金,为企业实施节能技术改造提供贷款支持,促进我国银行业广泛开展节能信贷业务,并通过GEF赠款等援助我国研究完善节能融资及节能管理体制机制。     

美、日、德节能服务业发展经验及启示

节能服务业已逐渐成为我国利用社会资本开展节能减排的重要力量,截至2018年底,我国节能服务业总产值已达4774亿元,从业人员超过72.9万人。然而,近年来受全球次贷危机的影响,我国节能服务业的增速有所下滑。本文分析了美国、日本、德国等发达经济体发展节能服务业的特点及主要做法,并从政府机构节能、重点用能单位节能、财政激励、地方节能中心、节能融资等方面为我国推动节能服务业的发展提出了5点启示。     

中国节能融资项目开通互联网站

国家发展改革委、财政部与世界银行和全球环境基金(GEF)合作开发的中国节能融资项目,旨在利用世界银行转贷资金,并配套国内银行资金,为企业实施节能技术改造提供货款支持,促进我国银行业广泛开展节能信贷业务,并通过GEF赠款等援助我国研究完善节能融资及节能管理体制机制.     

国际金融公司帮助北京银行支持中小企业实施清洁生产和减排项目的投资

<正>日前,国际金融公司"中国节能减排融资项目"框架下第二家合作银行——北京银行已发放中国节能减排融资项目1450万元,此项业务发展势头迅速。在北京银行此前发放的贷款中,首笔贷款——湖南省湘潭市天壕韶峰节能科技有限公司("湘潭天     

节能项目融资租赁及其相关问题的探讨

节能项目融资租赁及其相关问题的探讨刘雪梅，张蓉随着我国市场经济体制的逐步建立和完善，企业融资渠道和交易方式呈现多元化、多样化趋势。自从八十年代初，以节能设备租赁和节能项目融资租赁为主要目的的现代租赁业务在我国开始出现，迄今已为许多企业所认同和采用。中...     

能源部门融资主要影响因素分析

本文首先分析了世界主要国家的能源部门的资金来源,研究发现影响能源融资模式和融资成本的因素主要有国家的能源发展战略、能源政策和宏观经济环境、能源市场和金融市场发育程度、融资风险、以及资源状况和行业本身特点等几个方面;在对能源部门融资影响因素分析的基础上,就我国投融资政策和策略的制定提出了建议。     

我国能源投融资现状及面临的机遇与挑战

本文分析讨论了我国能源投资规模、融资渠道的变化;能源融资机制与体制的历史沿革;以及当前我国能源投融资所面临的机遇与挑战。研究最后指出,当前我国能源行业面临的挑战主要有以下几个方面,在投融资监管机制、法律法规体系完善、金融市场发育程度、能源市场化程度、投资渠道和资金结构等方面都存在很大的挑战。     

Financing investments in renewable energy : the impacts of policy design

The costs of electric power projects utilizing renewable energy technologies (RETs) are highly sensitive to financing terms. Consequently, as the electricity industry is restructured and new renewables policies are created, it is important for policymakers to consider the impacts of renewables policy design on RET financing. This paper reviews the power plant financing process for renewable energy projects, estimates the impact of financing terms on levelized energy costs, and provides insights to policymakers on the important nexus between renewables policy design and financing. We review five case studies of renewable energy policies, and find that one of the key reasons that RET policies are not more effective is that project development and financing processes are frequently ignored or misunderstood when designing and implementing renewable energy policies. The case studies specifically show that policies that do not provide long-term stability or that have negative secondary impacts on investment decisions will increase financing costs, sometimes dramatically reducing the effectiveness of the program. Within U.S. electricity restructuring proceedings, new renewable energy policies are being created, and restructuring itself is changing the way RETs are financed. As these new policies are created and implemented, it is essential that policymakers acknowledge the financing difficulties faced by renewables developers and pay special attention to the impacts of renewables policy design on financing. As shown in this paper, a renewables policy that is carefully designed can reduce renewable energy costs dramatically by providing revenue certainty that will, in turn, reduce financing risk premiums.     

对当前节能工作的几点认识

节能是我国面对的重大现实问题。我国在政府、工业部门、交通等领域都有很大的节能潜力。当前,我国的节能工作面临主管部门的管理职能弱化、节能投资短缺、节能信息不畅以及节能技术引入障碍等诸多问题。本文提出应大力开展能源需求侧管理,使政府、供电企业、电力用户和节能服务公司共同参与节能工作,以推动节能工作的进一步落实。     

The role of investment for energy conservation : Future Japanese economic growth

This article describes a variant of the Cobb-Douglas production function (the Rasche-Tatom model) which explicitly includes an energy factor. The model is applied to the Japanese economy to investigate the role of investment for energy conservation. First, the impact of rising energy prices on potential GNP and productivity is shown. Second, it is suggested that the Japanese economy will achieve a high growth rate (5.0–5.5%) in the coming five years through substitution of capital for energy, ie investment for energy conservation. An international comparison of the models is also discussed.     

Uncertainty—an argument for more stringent energy conservation

Most energy conservation analyses assume various future paths for energy prices and other parameters and then proceed to calculate the optimal value of conservation investment under the specified assumptions. Sensitivity analysis is used to examine the amount which the calculations change as parameters are varied. In fact, the future is not known with certainty, and it is desirable to include uncertainty explicitly in the analysis. This paper approaches the uncertainty problem in a simple way but one which provides considerable insight. We assume that future energy price growth is characterized by a probability distribution, and calculate the optimal investment strategy for conservation investment given this uncertainty. The results are striking. Introduction of uncertainty leads to the conclusion that more conservation investment is desirable than would be made without uncertainty. The conclusion stems, in essence, from the observation that the upside risk to the consumer resulting from unexpectedly high energy prices is larger than the downside savings which would result from unexpectedly low energy prices. The policy conclusion is straightforward: All else being equal, if you think that future energy prices are uncertain, it pays off (for both the individual and the nation) to err on the side of “too much” rather than “too little” conservation.One set of results is expressed in terms of an effective growth rate of energy prices. An example is an electrically heated house located in Washington, D.C. If the most likely growth rate of energy prices is 5% per year, but there is a normally distributed uncertainty about this price growth of 5%/yr (i.e. it is equally likely that prices will grow by 10%/yr and by 0%/yr), then one should calculate the conservation investment as if the price growth rate is 6.8%/yr.A second price assumption used is a price jump at some time from an initial price to a new, higher, final price. Uncertainty is introduced in the time when the price jump occurs. The inclusion of uncertainty leads to the conclusion that the effective time of the price jump is sooner than the most likely time. This result implies that a higher investment in conservation is warranted than would be optimal absent uncertainty.Our model is simple and maybe applied directly by individual decision makers. From a societal point of view, there are many additional arguments that suggest that uncertainty leads to changes in optimal strategies. The essential results cannot be captured simply by carrying out sensitivity analyses on deterministic models. Changes in model structure are required. We believe the inclusion of uncertainty in energy modeling is an important area, and one which can lead to fruitful results for policy analysis. We also make a prediction about energy conservation investment in buildings: Total energy use is predicted to fall exponentially with total conservation investment.     

Analysis of economic benefits and risks of energy storage project under financial leasing model

储能项目的经济性是制约储能项目商业化的重要因素之一。其中商业模式对项目经济性起着决定性作用。通过分析国内储能系统相关政策与发展现状,根据给定的储能项目系统结构与盈利方式,建立项目经济模型,通过内部收益率、投资回收期和发展成本等经济性指标评价了项目的经济性。进一步,以储能项目商业化融资难的问题为突破点,引入直接融资租赁模式,评估了在融资租赁公司低成本采购优势下项目的经济性。通过分析可知,融资租赁模式的引入可以缓解企业前几年的资金压力,提高项目的经济效益。     

Investing in energy conservation: Are homeowners passing up high yields?

Energy conservation is examined as an investment option for homeowners. Conservation technologies produce monetary benefits through reduced fuel costs. Calculations suggest that many conservation measures have rates of return significantly higher than alternative investments in stocks, bonds, and real estate, yet the level of conservation activity is inconsistent with these high yields. Several barriers exist which inhibit investments in conservation; it is perceived as risky and the cost of obtaining reliable information is high. Public policies to encourage conservation should focus on reducing the risk of purchasing energy saving devices by improving the accuracy of energy savings estimates.     

采暖居住建筑节能改造收益分析

面对我国华北地区既有采暖居住建筑节能改造资金的匮乏 ,提出既有建筑的节能改造经济性分析不仅要计算冬季供暖节能收益 ,而且还要包括夏季空调节能收益 ,同时还应计入冷热源建设等潜在经济收益 ,这对缩短既有建筑节能改造初投资回收期、推动我国建筑节能的发展具有积极意义。