RBI在蒸汽管道系统中的应用

本文对基于风险的检验（RBI）在蒸汽管道系统中的应用进行了研究，重点介绍了具体的蒸汽管道系统的失效可能性、失效后果和风险矩阵。通过风险矩阵分析了检验方法的优先选择，同时根据风险矩阵确定检验计划     

在用工业管道风险研判方法

借鉴国际管道技术委员会对输气管道提出的失效原因以及RBI思路，利用“专家打分法”对管道安装、维护、保养、检验等各个环节，量化发生事故的可能性和后果的严重程度，从而以半定量法确定在用工业管道风险值，进而进行风险预警，为压力管道使用单位、河北省质监局安全监察工作提出合理化建议。     

循环载荷作用下的高温熔盐储罐设计分析

以某大型光热电站高温熔盐储罐为研究对象，采用瞬态热-机械应力分析结果，依据ASME规范对储罐进行棘轮和蠕变-疲劳失效评估。结果显示：正常和异常工况下储罐均未发生棘轮失效，因异常工况下储罐壁面存在165℃的温差，其结构的棘轮应变较正常工况增加72%。异常工况下储罐会发生蠕变-疲劳失效，结构的蠕变损伤和疲劳损伤较不会失效的正常工况分别增加1.4倍和9.0倍。为避免入罐熔盐温度大幅波动给结构安全带来危害，故建议采用熔盐缓冲罐降低温度波动范围。     

油田静设备基于风险安全管理的应用

本文基于设备风险管理的基本理论，结合油田静设备（主要包含压力容器、常压储罐、埋地集输管道等）的使用及检验检修情况，引入风险管理的理念，提出了油田静设备基于风险的安全管理思路，并针对压力容器、常压储罐、埋地集输管道的不同特点，对其风险管理的方法进行了研究和应用试点，取得了较好效果。     

喷射火环境下液化气储罐热响应行为数值模拟

应用CFD软件Fluent6.3对液化气（liquefied petroleum gas,LPG）储罐在火灾条件下的热响应过程进行了三维数值模拟。研究了喷射火作用下LPG储罐罐壁温度、内部介质温度和压力响应的特点,分析了液相介质充装率和储罐壁厚对储罐热响应的影响。结果表明,液相介质充装率越高,储罐失效时间越短,并且当充装率为60%~85%时储罐的失效时间下降更加明显;储罐壁厚越厚,火焰作用下升压越慢,当壁厚大于14mm时,壁厚对储罐升压的影响明显变小。据此,可选择合适的充装率和合理的壁厚以减缓储罐的升压速度,为预防和控制液化气储罐事故的发生争取时间。     

压力容器缺陷检验及消除方法分析

长期运行的压力容器在失效环境下会出现各种缺陷问题,为真正发现这些缺陷的存在与否就需要对压力容器进行科学检验。以某氯气储罐为例对其进行全面检验,并对存在的缺陷原因进行了分析,提出了消除缺陷的解决措施和方法。研究结果可为压力容器的长周期、安全、稳定运行提供理论基础和技术支撑。     

286L型船用柴油机活塞失效分析研究

通过对286L型船用柴油机失效活塞材料内部质量的理化检验分析,阐述了船用柴油机失效活塞材料的组织特点和内部缺陷等级,结合失效活塞特定的外观破坏形貌以及热处理工艺特点,指出了造成这次活塞失效的主要原因是活塞内部存在组织缺陷和内应力共同造成的。同时,为防止今后出现类似的失效问题,本文提供了指导性的建议。     

液化气罐内表面凹坑受力分析和无量纲参数Go的计算

压力容器投用后首次内外部检验周期一般为3年。笔者在对某液化气储罐站内的2台50m^3液化气站储罐进行投用后首次内外部检验时，发现其中1台储罐的内表面有一 个超标凹坑。从检查的情况分析，是投用前人为造成的机械损伤，     

大型储罐用钢板SPV4902焊接裂纹的分析及处理

2005年9月，某石油储备基地300×10 4m2原油储罐建造工程开工，当地锅检所对全部储罐现场制造安装进行了监督检验。2006年5月，锅检所对施工单位已完成自检的T101、T103、T105、T106和T201等5台10×104 m3双盘浮顶储罐纵环焊缝进行第三方无损检测抽查时，     

锅炉F-A异种钢接头早期失效统计分析及防控措施

应用于超(超)临界机组的电站锅炉受热面的铁素体钢-奥氏体钢(F-A)异种钢接头经常发生断裂,断裂形式以铁素体钢侧熔合线开裂为主。对江苏省内超(超)临界锅炉F-A异种钢接头失效情况及检验结果进行了统计分析,发现F-A异种钢接头倾向于在低等级材料、薄壁管、较大附加弯矩、复杂管屏、焊缝根部存在焊瘤等情况下发生失效;且接头失效由熔合界面的氧化、蠕变及疲劳3种机制所支配。并进一步针对影响接头失效的关键可控因素提出了防控措施。     

基于风险的检验技术及其在催化裂化装置上的应用

介绍了基于风险的检测（RBI）技术的主要内容及其在催化裂化装置上的应用情况。该评价方法的实施对保证生产装置安全运行及提高管理水平有重要意义。     

Risk assessment methodology for onboard hydrogen storage

A quantitative risk assessment of onboard hydrogen-powered vehicle storage, exposed to a fire, is performed. The risk is defined twofold as a cost of human life per vehicle fire, and annual fatality rate per vehicle. The increase of fire resistance rating of the storage tank is demonstrated to drastically reduce the risk to acceptable level. Hazard distances are calculated by validated engineering tools for blast wave and fireball, which follow catastrophic tank rupture in a fire, act in all directions and have larger hazard distances compared to jet fire. The fatality cash value, probabilities of vehicle fire and failure of thermally activated pressure relief device are taken from published sources. A vulnerability probit function is employed to calculate probability of emergency operations' failure to control fire and prevent tank rupture. The risk is presented as a function of fire resistance rating of onboard storage.     

基于风险的检验（RBI）技术在PX装置中的应用

对PX装置运用基于风险的检验技术，识别装置内的高度危害介质及其危害种类，工艺危害性分析及损伤机理分析表明主要的损伤机理是高温氢损伤、回火脆化和外部腐蚀。定量风险分析结果显示，该PX装置中155台压力容器中高风险设备项6个，占5．09％；中风险155项，占78．67％；低风险55项，占18．4％。根据设备风险制定推荐性检验策略，为装置的风险识别和降低风险提供参考。     

Aluminium alloy based hydrogen storage tank operated with sodium aluminium hexahydride Na3AlH6

Here we present the development of an aluminium alloy based hydrogen storage tank, charged with Ti-doped sodium aluminium hexahydride Na₃AlH₆. This hydride has a theoretical hydrogen storage capacity of 3 mass-% and can be operated at lower pressure compared to sodium alanate NaAlH₄. The tank was made of aluminium alloy EN AW 6082 T6. The heat transfer was realised through an oil flow in a bayonet heat exchanger, manufactured by extrusion moulding from aluminium alloy EN AW 6060 T6. Na₃AlH₆ is prepared from 4 mol-% TiCl₃ doped sodium aluminium tetrahydride NaAlH₄ by addition of two moles of sodium hydride NaH in ball milling process. The hydrogen storage tank was filled with 213 g of doped Na₃AlH₆ in dehydrogenated state. Maximum of 3.6 g (1.7 mass-% of the hydride mass) of hydrogen was released from the hydride at approximately 450 K and the same hydrogen mass was consumed at 2.5 MPa hydrogenation pressure. 45 cycle tests (rehydrogenation and dehydrogenation) were carried out without any failure of the tank or its components. Operation of the tank under real conditions indicated the possibility for applications with stationary HT-PEM fuel cell systems.     

Risk assessment in pressure equipment inspection: review of recent applications in Jiangsu

Abstract

The application of risk based inspection (RBI) technology in five typical cases in Jiangsu Province, China was summarised and reviewed. Based on 10 year experiences of risk assessment, some key problems, which require special attention in the process of publicising and applying RBI technology in China, were put forward, and the integrity management of pressurised equipment and the qualification requirement for organisation undertaking the RBI projects were emphasised as well. Responses to RBI demands from Chinese petrochemical enterprises were analysed and recommended to be categorised into three groups. To conduct RBI successfully in China, the importance of combining a first rank RBI software and a well organised RBI team is proposed. A sinicised database of materials and chemicals owing to Chinese intellectual property is suggested to be built gradually as well.     

Analytical approach to ground heat losses for high temperature thermal storage systems

A new approach to estimate the heat loss from thermal energy storage tank foundations is presented. Results are presented through analytical correlations based on numerical solutions for the steady‐state heat conduction problem for thermal energy slab‐on‐grade tanks with uniform insulation. Model results were verified with other well‐established benchmark problems with similar boundary conditions and validated with experimental data with excellent agreement. In addition to the TES foundation heat loss, new correlations for the maximum temperature and for the radial evolution of the temperature underneath the insulation layer are also provided, giving important information related to the tank foundation design. The correlated variables are of primordial importance in the tank foundation design because, due to the typical high operating storage temperatures, an inappropriate tank foundation insulation would lead not only to a not desired loss of energy but also to an inadmissible increase of the temperatures underneath the insulation layer, affecting the structural stability of the tank. The proposed correlations provide a quick method for the estimation of total tank foundation heat losses and soil maximum temperature reached underneath the insulation layer, saving time, and cost on the engineering tank foundation design process. Finally, a comprehensive parametric analysis of the variables of interest is made and a set of cases covering a wide range of tank sizes, insulation levels, depths to water table, and storage temperatures are solved.     

储运类压力管线的RBI应用和H2S应力腐蚀试验研究

本文简介了风险评估技术的原理和方法，以及该技术在石化储运类管线中的应用，采用半定量风险评估方法进行风险分析。根据风险分析的结果，此次所评估的储运类管线的主要失效模式为外部腐蚀，其内部腐蚀减薄和应力腐蚀的敏感性较低。通过应力腐蚀试验，试验结果也验证了这些管道的抗应力腐蚀性能良好。     

Experimental characteristics of a storage tank on a harvest-type ice storage system

This paper is concerned with the development of a new method for making and separating ice and saving floated ice by installing an evaporation plate at underwater within a storage tank. In a conventional harvest-type ice storage system, a tank saves ice by separating a formed ice from an installed evaporation plate, which is located above an ice storage tank as an ice storage system. A new harvest-type method shows better heat transfer efficiency than a convectional method. It is because the evaporation panel is directly contacted with water in a storage tank. Also, at a conventional system a circulating pump, a circulating water distributor and a piping are installed, but these components are not necessary in a new method. In this study two kinds of ice storage systems are experimentally investigated to study the thermal characteristics of ice storage tanks. The results show the applicable possibility and performance enhancement of a new type.