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 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
An objective of the present paper is to experimentally clarify the torsion effect on the flow in helical circular pipes. We have made six helical circular pipes having different pitches and common non-dimensional curvature δ of about 0.1. The torsion parameter β0, which is defined by β0 = τ/(2δ)1/2 with non-dimensional torsion r, are taken to be 0.02, 0.45, 0.69, 1.01, 1.38 and 1.89 covering from small to very large pitch. The velocity distributions and the turbulence of the flow are measured using an X-type hot-wire anemometer in the range of the Reynolds number from 200 to 20000. The results obtained are summarized as follows: The mean secondary flow pattern in a cross section of the pipe changes from an ordinary twin-vortex type as is seen in a curved pipe without torsion (toroidal pipe) to a single vortex type after one of the twin-vortex gradually disappears as β0 increases. The circulation direction of the single vortex is the same as the direction of torsion of the pipe. The mean velocity distribution of the axial flow is similar to that of the toroidal pipe at small β0, but changes its shape as β0 increases, and attains the shape similar to that in a straight circular pipe when ,β0 = 1.89. It is also found that the critical Reynolds number, at which the flow shows a marginal behavior to turbulence, decreases as ,β0 increases for small ,β0, and then increases after taking a minimum at ,β0 ≈ 1.4 as ,β0 increases. The minimum of the critical Reynolds number experimentally obtained is about 400 at ,β0 ≈ 1.4.  相似文献   

2.
This paper focuses on investigating the interaction effects for swirl and bluff-body in stabilized flame process. Particle image velocimetry was used to measure velocity fields in three burners. First, the comparison of flames in bluff-body stabilized burners with and without swirl is presented. The results of the experiments present the variations of bluff-body stabilized flame when swirl is added into burner: the maximum reverse flow velocity and the maximum mean average radial velocity decrease; the maximum radial rootmean squared fluctuating (rms) velocity increases; the values of the axial velocity peak on the side of nozzle axis are lower, and the distance between the peak and centerline is bigger; the location of the maximum radial rms velocity moves to the outlet of annular air-flow from central recirculation zone (CRZ). Then, the comparison of flames in swirl burners with and without bluff-body is provided. The results of the experiments show the changes of swirling flame when bluff-body is added into swirl burner: the air vortex in the CRZ moves to the burner; the peak values of axial mean and rms velocity decrease; the distance between centerline and the mean axial and rms velocity peak increase; the peak of mean radial velocity decreases, and the peak of rms raidial velocity increase. The data from this experiment can also be established as benchmarks for the development and validation of combustion numerical simulations.  相似文献   

3.
Floating zone technique is a crucible-free process for growth of high quality single crystals. Unstable thermocapillary convection is a typical phenomenon during the process under microgravity. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the instability of thermocapillary convection in liquid bridges with deformable free-surface under microgravity. In this works, the Volume of Fluid(VOF) method is employed to track the free-surface movement. The results are presented as the behavior of flow structure and temperature distribution of the molten zone. The impact of Marangoni number(Ma) is also investigated on free-surface deformation as well as the instability of thermocapillary convection. The free-surface exhibits a noticeable axisymmetric(but it is non-centrosymmetric) and elliptical shape along the circumferential direction. This specific surface shape presents a typical narrow ‘neck-shaped' structure with convex at two ends of the zone and concave at the mid-plane along the axial direction. At both θ = 0° and θ = 90°, the deformation ratio ξ increases rapidly with Ma at first, and then increases slowly. Moreover, the hydrothermal wave number m and the instability of thermocapillary convection increase with Ma.  相似文献   

4.
This paper investigated the effects of variable jetting nozzle angles on the cross-flow suppression and heat transfer enhancement of swirl cooling in gas turbine leading edge. The swirl chamber with vertical jet nozzles was set as the baseline, and its flow fields and heat transfer characteristics were analyzed by 3D steady state Reynolds-averaged numerical methods to reveal the mechanism of cross-flow weakening the downstream jets and heat transfer. On this basis, the flow structure on different cross sections and heat transfer characteristics of swirl chamber with variable jetting nozzle angels were compared with the baseline swirl chamber. The results indicated that for the baseline swirl chamber the circumferential velocity gradually decreased and the axial velocity gradually increased, and the cross-flow gradually formed. The cross-flow deflected the downstream jets and drawn them to the center of the chamber, thus weakening the heat transfer. For swirl chamber with variable jetting nozzle angles, the air axial velocity is axial upstream, opposite to the mainstream, so that the impact effects of cross-flow on the jets were reduced, and the heat transfer was enhanced. Furthermore, with the increase of axial velocity along the swirl chamber, the jetting nozzle angle also gradually increased, as well as the effect of cross-flow suppression, which formed a relative balance. For all swirl chambers with variable jet nozzle angles, the thermal performance factors were all larger than 1, which indicated the heat transfer was enhanced with less friction increment.  相似文献   

5.
An experimental investigation was performed to study the heat transfer in an eight-nozzle spray cooling system with de-ionized water as the working fluid. Visualization of the liquid-solid contact area and the flow near the heated surface was made using a microscopic lens system in conjunction with an advanced high-speed camera. The film thickness and film wavelike characteristics under liquid volume flow rates ranged from 2.78×10 -6 m 3 /s to 1.39×10 -5 m 3 /s and surface temperatures between 22℃ and 78.2℃ were examined respectively. The development process of the liquid film on the heated surface was observed. The local mean film thickness, the film wavelike characteristics and the behavior of the bubbles appeared in the liquid film were captured using an image processing technique. It is discovered that there exists a climax of local mean film thickness during the starting process of spray cooling. When the liquid film reaches the dynamic stable state, the dimensionless mean film thickness decreases with the increase of the liquid volume flow rate, and increases with the increase of surface temperature generally. Besides, the volume flow rate has a more significant impact on the wavelength and amplitude of the liquid film compared to the surface temperature.  相似文献   

6.
An analysis is carried out to study the steady flow characteristics from a continuous flat surface moving in a parallel free stream of non-Newtonian power law fluid. The constitutive equations of the fluid are transformed into dimensionless ones. The velocity field is measured by Particle Image Velocimetry. Experimental results are obtained for the distribution of velocity. The influence of wall velocity ratio parameter on boundary layer flow field is observed in the experiment. Dimensionless velocity distribution and shearing stress distribution are obtained by post-processing experimental results. The effects of various physical parameters like velocity ratio parameter and similarity variable on various momentum transfer characteristics are discussed in detail and shown graphically. It is indicated that dimensionless velocity increases with velocity ratio parameter and similarity variable, and that dimensionless shearing stress decreases with velocity ratio parameter and similarity variable.  相似文献   

7.
The film cooling performance of chevron holes with different inclination angles and exit lateral diffusion angles has been studied experimentally and numerically. The inclination angles include 35° and 55°. The exit lateral diffusion angles include 20° and 25°. The film cooling effectiveness, heat transfer coefficient and discharge coefficient were measured on a flat plate model by transient liquid crystal measurement technique under four blowing ratios. The results show that the large inclination angle reduces the film cooling effectiveness. The influence of diffusion angle has two aspects: the large diffusion angle leads to mainstream ingestion and decreases film cooling effectiveness at M=1.0 and 1.5; however, the large diffusion angle increases the film cooling effectiveness at high blowing ratio of 2.0, because the larger hole exit area decreases the normal momentum component of the film jet. The large inclination angle decreases the heat transfer coefficient in the right downstream region at M=0.5 and 1.0. The large diffusion angle enhances the heat transfer in the right downstream of the holes in M=0.5~1.5 conditions. The chevron hole with large inclination angle generally has the highest discharge coefficient.  相似文献   

8.
This paper presents an in-situ, non-contact, non-destructive "dual-wavelength laser flash Raman spectroscopy method" for measuring the thermal diffusivity. In this method, a heating pulse is used to heat the sample and another pulsed laser with a different wavelength and negligible heating effect is used as a probe to measure the sample temperature changes during the heating and cooling periods from the Raman peak shifts. The sample temperature rise and fall curves are measured by changing the delay between the heating pulse and the probing pulse with the thermal diffusivity then characterized by fitting the temperature curves. The time delay between the heating and probing pulses can be precisely controlled with a minimum step of 100 ps. Hence, the temperature variation can be scanned with an ultra-high temporal resolution of up to 100 ps, which significantly improves the measurement accuracy of transient thermal parameters. The measurement accuracy of this method has been verified using a bulk material model and experiments. The measured thermal diffusivity of a silicon sample has been obtained to be 8.8×10~(-5 )m~2/s with a 3% difference between the measured value and the average result for bulk silicon in the literature which verifies the reliability and accuracy of this method.  相似文献   

9.
The effect of pressurized air inlets in the reservoir upstream of the annular slit on characteristics of the axial and tangential velocity components is investigated numerically, and the mechanism of occurrence of spiral nozzle flow is clarified. In simulations, Unified Platform for Aerospace Computational Simulation (UPACS) is used. The governing equations under consideration are the unsteady compressible Navier - Stokes. A second-order finite volume scheme with MUSCL (Roe scheme) is used to discretize the spatial derivatives, and a second order-central difference scheme for the viscous terms, and a MFGS (Matrix Free Gauss Seidel) is employed for time integration. Spalart-Allmaras model was used as a turbulence model. The results obtained are compared with velocity distributions in the experiment measured by the two-component fiber optic laser Doppler velocimeter system. The existence of discrete pressurized air inlets that leads to the occurrence of asymmetrical characteristics is a very important factor for the formation of spiral flow.  相似文献   

10.
Pressure-swirl atomizers are often employed to generate a water-mist spray,typically employed in fire suppression.In the present study,an experimental characterization of dispersion(velocity and cone angle)and atomization(drop-size axial evolution)was carried out following a previously developed methodology,with specific reference to the initial region of the spray.Laser-based techniques were used to quantitatively evaluate the considered phenomena:velocity field was reconstructed through a Particle Image Velocimetry analysis;drop-size distribution was measured by a Malvern Spraytec device,highlighting secondary atomization and subsequent coalescence along the spray axis.Moreover,a comprehensive set of relations was validated as predictive of the involved parameters,following an inviscid-fluid approach.The proposed model pertains to early studies on pressure-swirl atomizers and primarily yields to determine both initial velocity and cone angle.The spray thickness is also predicted and a classic correlation for Sauter Mean Diameter is shown to provide good agreement with experimental results.The analysis was carried out at the operative pressure of 80 bar;two injectors were employed featuring different orifice diameters and flow numbers,as a sort of parametric approach to this spray typology.  相似文献   

11.
为了探究带有屈服应力性质的厌氧发酵液中的气泡生成特性,采用VOF法对带有屈服应力性质的厌氧发酵液中的气泡生成过程进行了数值研究。研究发现:带有屈服应力性质的厌氧发酵液中的气泡生成过程可分为膨胀阶段和脱离阶段。在气泡膨胀阶段,气泡中心的起始纵向速度较大,然后速度下降,并维持在一个较小的速度下膨胀;此时,气泡周围的流体主要沿气泡的外法线方向流动,使气泡加速膨胀,直至膨胀成球状。在气泡脱离阶段,气泡的侧端产生了对称的左右漩涡,促使其顶部继续向外扩张,纵向速度有较明显的增加;同时,气泡的"长颈"开始加速生成,最后与喷嘴脱离。在气泡的生成过程中,屈服区域逐渐变大。对于不同的屈服应力的流体而言,气泡的纵横比随着屈服应力的增大而减小,其生成时间随着屈服应力的增加而增加。文章的研究结果将有助于禽畜粪便厌氧发酵过程的优化设计。  相似文献   

12.
应用Euler-Lagrange方法对制备泡沫金属过程中的空气射流发泡过程的两相湍流流动进行三维数值模拟。连续相液态金属铝液采用标准k-ε模型,而离散相气泡采用颗粒轨道模型描述。考虑气泡受力分析、气泡湍流扩散以及气液两相耦合对颗粒轨道模型的影响。模拟结果表明:相同气体体积流量下铝液的轴向速度沿径向方向有所增加;当气体体积流量为1.0L/min时气泡质量浓度分布不均匀度最小,从而有利于泡沫的收集。  相似文献   

13.
导流条对水流具有较强的导向作用,对管道内水流流态影响较大。为探究筒装料管道运输中导流条长度对管道双车车间断面水力特性的影响,通过物理试验和理论分析研究车间断面的流速场和涡量场。结果表明,水流经导流条后由稳定管流变为螺旋流,导流条越长,轴向流速越小;周向流速随着导流条长度的增加而增加,其大小与轴向流速为同一量级;径向流速的分布比较紊乱,在轴心处大部分为负值,在管壁处大部分为正值;断面平均涡量随导流条长度增大而增大,涡量大小关于中轴线对称分布,但方向相反。  相似文献   

14.
The combustion characteristics of the micro combustor with a convex platform were simulated and the effects of the height of the convex platform and the inlet velocity on the combustion process were analyzed. The results show that the setting of convex platform can significantly increase the maximum velocity and reduce the outlet velocity. When the height of the boss continues to increase, the maximum velocity is more significant, but has little effect on the outlet velocity. At the same time, the increasing height of the convex platform increases, the turbulent kinetic energy and reduces the intensity of combustion on the axis. However further increase in the height does not reduce the effect significantly. The fuel conversion rate increases significantly, but the velocity decreases. In the micro combustor with a convex platform, increasing the inlet velocity increases the axial temperature, the fuel conversion rate decreases.  相似文献   

15.
用心形线表征了一种涡轮增压器无叶蜗壳梨形流道横截面轮廓,用有限差分法计算了涡轮增压器蜗壳流场,分析了无叶喷嘴出口气流速度和气流角的分布,经与测量结果比较,两者吻合较好。在此基础上,研究了三种不同蜗壳型线对喷嘴出口速度场的影响。结果表明,C型线蜗壳喷嘴出口的总速度v和气流角α分布均匀,A,B型线蜗壳喷嘴出口的总速度v和气流角α分布不均匀。  相似文献   

16.
考虑风力机叶片变形对绕流流场的影响,通过粒子图像测速(PIV)方法,采集两副翼型相同、材质分别玻璃聚酯(叶片Ⅰ)和玻璃聚醋内部填充泡沫(叶片Ⅱ)的水平轴风力机叶片绕流流场信息,对不同测试截面处流场数据进行分析。研究结果表明:相比于叶片Ⅰ,相同工况下,叶片Ⅱ的总体涡量、回流区的面积和时均速度更大,轴向雷诺应力更小;随着相对轴向距离的增加,时均速度在相对高度方向波动减小,材质对轴向雷诺应力影响逐渐减弱。实验工况下,叶片材质对绕流流场特征的影响大于叶尖速比对其的影响,并沿径向方向有增大的趋势。  相似文献   

17.
A photographic study was carried out for the subcooled flow boiling of water to elucidate the rise characteristics of single vapor bubbles after the departure from nucleation sites. The test section was a transparent glass tube of 20 mm in inside diameter and the flow direction was vertical upward; liquid subcooling was parametrically changed within 0–16 K keeping system pressure and liquid velocity at 120 kPa and 1 m/s, respectively. The bubble rise paths were analyzed from the video images that were obtained at the heat flux slightly higher than the minimum heat flux for the onset of nucleate boiling. In the present experiments, all the bubbles departed from their nucleation sites immediately after the inception. In low subcooling experiments, bubbles slid upward and consequently were not detached from the vertical heated wall; the bubble size was increased monotonously with time in this case. In moderate and high subcooling experiments, bubbles were detached from the wall after sliding for several millimeters and migrated towards the subcooled bulk liquid. The bubbles then reversed the direction of lateral migration and were reattached to the wall at moderate subcooling while they collapsed due to the condensation at high subcooling. It was hence considered that the mechanisms of the heat transfer from heated wall and the axial growth of vapor volume were influenced by the difference in bubble rise path. It was observed after the inception that bubbles were varied from flattened to more rounded shape. This observation suggested that the bubble detachment is mainly caused by the change in bubble shape due to the surface tension force.  相似文献   

18.
利用Matlab随机生成不同尺寸、位置信息的油滴群,采用一步总包反应机理对其进行大涡模拟,分析了不同来流速度、环境温度工况下不同颗粒数密度油滴群的燃烧特性及燃烧模态,统计出油滴的平均阻力特性、蒸发率以及气体湍流变动。研究表明:油滴群平均阻力系数随来流速度的增加呈现先减小后增大最后趋于稳定的趋势,约为单燃烧油滴的阻力系数的1/2,随环境温度的升高而增大,与来流速度成反比;气相湍流变动随环境温度增大而加剧,随颗粒数密度增加而减小;在油滴群燃烧特性下,蒸发率随环境温度的升高而增大,随数密度的增加而减小,随来流速度的增加而增大。  相似文献   

19.
为获得风力机近尾流风速在垂直方向和水平方向的变化规律,提出一种测量风力机近尾流区风速的实测方法。针对某沿海滩涂风电场,采用2台搭载风速仪的无人机对近尾流区进行测量。结果表明:垂直方向,尾流和来流风速比值在1.0D~2.5D处(D为风轮直径)随着高度的增加呈先减小后增大的趋势,在轮毂中轴线处存在最小值0.53~0.68;风速比值沿轮毂中轴线呈非对称分布。0.5D处风速比值分别在上下风轮处存在2个极小值0.56和0.50。水平方向,风速比值在1.0D~3.0D处沿径向距离从左向右呈先减小后增大的趋势,在轮毂中轴线处存在最小值(0.54~0.78);风速比值沿轮毂中轴线呈对称分布,随着风轮下游距离的增加呈扩张趋势。最后给出用于A类风场风力机下游尾流风速剖面的预测公式。  相似文献   

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