以空气源热泵辅助加热的太阳能热水系统

介绍了太阳能热泵热水系统的运行原理及控制方式,分析了太阳能热泵热水系统在上海某高校学生宿舍的应用情况。以每吨热水的加热成本为指标,对几种热源热水系统的经济性进行了比较,分析了太阳能热泵热水系统的节能效果。     

太阳能-水源热泵系统在制备洗浴热水中的应用

以太阳能-水源热泵系统在制备洗浴热水中的应用为例,研究分析太阳能-水源热泵系统的原理、运行工况,并进行太阳能-水源热泵系统的节能减排分析。研究分析得出:太阳能-水源热泵系统可以充分利用太阳能为热水提供热源,同时又回收利用了废水中的废热,从而达到节约高位能源和减少环境污染的目的。     

天津地区太阳能、土壤热源的性能研究

以天津地区气象资料和实验结果为依据，研究天津地区冬季太阳能、土壤热源性能，为研制太阳能－土壤热源热泵提供可行性依据。太阳能－土壤热泵系统采用太阳能热泵和土壤热泵交替使用的方式，是很有前途的热泵系统。     

住区太阳热水供应系统设计流程

从建筑给排水系统设计的角度看，太阳热水供应系统是指以太阳能为热源，可以与其它能源组合，制备生活热水，并通过管路将热水输送到用水点的系统。太阳热水供应系统包括热源系统及热水供应系统两大部分。热源系统即是太阳能行业所规定的将太阳能转换为热能，并在必要时与辅助热源配合使用以加热水的子系统与部件的组合。热水供应系统即热水输送系统，是把热水送到各用水点的管道系统。     

太阳能-空气复合热源热泵热水器的性能模拟与分析

介绍了一种新型太阳能—空气复合热源热泵热水装置(SAS-HPWH)。该装置通过使用独特设计的螺旋翅片蒸发管的平板型集热/蒸发器,可以在不同的天气情况下切换运行太阳能热源热泵模式、太阳能与空气双热源热泵模式和空气源热泵模式,制取生活热水。论文主要针对自行设计的一台150L的SAS-HPWH,建立系统的数学模型,并以太阳能输入比例为准则研究系统的运行模式与特性。模拟结果显示该热水器在不同天气特征情况下可高效率地制造55℃热水。论文还分析了太阳辐射、环境温度以及压缩机的容量对系统特性的影响,提出使用变频压缩机,根据不同的天气情况调节制冷剂流量,进一步提高系统的整体性能。     

热泵循环的分析及太阳能热泵系统的效率

本文以热力学第二定律为基础,用“(火用)”参数对热泵系统的四种工质R-12、R-22、R-113和NH_(?)进行了计算分析,作出曲线和(火用)流图,对热泵系统从质的方面作出评价,指出了改进的方向。同时,与以太阳能热水为热源的太阳能热泵系统的(火用)效率进行比较。     

太阳能热泵系统的试验研究与分析

为研究以太阳能为低温热源的供热运行特点,建立了太阳能热泵系统试验台及试验台测量系统,使用数据分析软件处理不同工况下的试验数据,分析了蒸发和冷凝温度对吸热量、制热量、压缩机状态、系统COP的影响。结果表明,太阳能热泵系统在运行期间节能效果明显,蒸发温度的增大有利于提高太阳能热泵系统的工作性能。     

太阳能热泵热水系统的研究及应用

介绍了太阳能热泵热水系统的工作原理、分类和技术特点;总结了国内外太阳能热泵热水系统的技术现状;指出了我国利用太阳能热泵热水技术的有利条件。     

太阳能热泵热炎系统的研究及应用

介绍了太阳能热泵热水系统的工作原理、分类和技术特点;总结了国内外太阳能热泵热水系统的技术现状;指出了我国利用太阳能热泵热水技术的有利条件.     

太阳能热水系统辅助热泵加热容量计算方法探讨

太阳能热水系统设计中热泵的加热容量是热泵选型及水箱设计的关键参数,但是其计算方法目前未见有文献报道。本文基于单水箱太阳能热水系统,分析了在连续阴雨天气下只有热泵供热时水箱的温度分布,提出了热泵加热容量的计算方法。通过该方法计算得到某太阳能热水系统热泵加热容量,并计算了与平均小时耗热量的比值。对于一般热泵辅助太阳能热水系统,按储热区相对高度0.20~0.25、热泵最大日运行时间8 h设计比较合适。     

太阳能驱动的膜式加热加湿系统性能实验研究

中空纤维膜加湿系统能从根本上解决空气加湿过程中气液夹带的问题。通过搭建太阳能驱动的中空纤维膜加热加湿系统试验台并在冬季进行实验测试,分析出太阳能辐射量、空气体积流量和热水体积流量对系统加热加湿性能的影响。研究发现提高太阳能辐射量和空气体积流量对系统的加湿能力和热性能系数均有积极影响,而前者的影响更为显著。为了获得最好的系统性能,选择40℃(对应太阳能辐射量为329 W/m²)和100 L/h作为最佳热水条件,空气体积流量为100 m³/h。在此条件下,出口空气的含湿量为22.4 g/kg,约为环境空气的4倍。空气温度为30.5℃,热性能系数COP可达2.40,太阳能利用率为45%。由于膜加湿器的热质交换能力有限,过度提高热水温度反而降低太阳能利用率。为了在含湿量低的环境空气下提供较好的性能,采用低的空气体积流量,有助于提高出风的含湿量和空气温度。     

Solar and geothermal heating and cooling of the European Centre for Public Law building in Greece

The European Centre for Public Law in Legraina near Athens in Greece is heated and cooled by a combined solar and geothermal system. The main components of the system are a saline groundwater supplying well, water storage tank for 6 h autonomy, inverter for regulating geothermal flow, heat exchanger, two electrical water source heat pumps placed in cascade, fan coils, air handling units, as well as solar air collectors for air preheating in winter. In addition, hot water is supplied to the building hostel by solar water heaters. Monitoring of the energy system during heating showed excellent energy efficiency and performance.     

空气源热泵与燃气锅炉辅助加热太阳能供热水系统的设计和应用

太阳能作为可再生能源,在建筑节能中越来越受到人们的重视.根据工程实例,分析和探讨空气源热泵和燃气锅炉辅助加热太阳能供热水系统的特点,应用范围,工作工况以及运行系统,力求实现太阳能热水器与建筑的优化设计,促进空气源热泵和燃气锅炉辅助加热太阳能热水技术在建筑领域的推广应用.     

Experimental study of the burning-cave hot water soil heating system in solar greenhouse

In the northern China areas, the traditional heating methods are widely used in solar greenhouse, for example: electric heating, hot air heating, hot water heating, burning-cave heating etc. If copying the assuring building indoor environment of constant heating ways into solar greenhouse, it will further increase building energy consumption, thus improving the efficiency of energy utilization, establishing appropriate growing environment, and realizing the agricultural waste recycling are important ways of consistent with the Chinese conditions, construction of sustainable development, improving the efficiency of the greenhouse production. To solve the problem of traditional heating method for high heating energy consumption, the inharmonious between greenhouse air temperature and soil temperature, uneven soil temperature, the research build the burning cave hot water soil heating system of solar greenhouse experimental platform in accordance with principle of energy cascade utilization. This experiment platform will transfer burning cave internal heat into soil heating system. The soil is evenly heated by system. Through testing the actual operation effect of the burning cave hot water soil heating system of new solar greenhouse, electric heating system, no taking any heating measures system, burning cave hot water soil heating system of solar greenhouse can improve the soil average temperature 5 ∼ 6 °C. This research provides experimental basis for practical applications and promotion.     

Solar heat pump systems for domestic hot water

Vapour compression heat pumps can upgrade ambient heat sources to match the desired heating load temperature. They can offer considerable increase in operational energy efficiency compared to current water heating systems. Solar heat pumps collect energy not only from solar radiation but also from the ambient air. They can operate even at night or in totally overcast conditions. Since the evaporator/collector operates at temperatures lower than ambient air temperature it does not need glazing or a selective coating to prevent losses. Currently, however, they are not used much at all in domestic or commercial water heating systems. In this paper comparison is made of a conventional solar hot water system, a conventional air source heat pump hot water system and a solar heat pump water heating system based on various capital city locations in Australia. A summary is given of specific electricity consumption, initial and operating costs, and greenhouse gas generation of the three systems dealt with in this paper. The ultimate choice of unit for a particular location will depend heavily on the solar radiation, climate and the local price paid for electricity to drive or boost the unit chosen.     

Review of solar dryers for agricultural and marine products

Drying for agricultural and marine products are one of the most attractive and cost-effective application of solar energy. Numerous types of solar dryers have been designed and developed in various parts of the world, yielding varying degrees of technical performance. Basically, there are four types of solar dryers; (1) direct solar dryers, (2) indirect solar dryers, (3) mixed-mode dryers and (4) hybrid solar dryers. This paper is a review of these types of solar dryers with aspect to the product being dried, technical and economical aspects. The technical directions in the development of solar-assisted drying systems for agricultural produce are compact collector design, high efficiency, integrated storage, and long-life drying system. Air-based solar collectors are not the only available systems. Water-based collectors can also be used whereby water to air heat exchanger can be used. The hot air for drying of agricultural produce can be forced to flow in the water to air heat exchanger. The hot water tank acts as heat storage of the solar drying system.     

Identification and assessment of environmental benefits from solar hot water production

The environmental benefits associated with the utilization of solar energy for hot water production are estimated in this work. The case of a particular country, Greece, and its electricity production system is employed to show the direct consequences of substituting electricity with solar energy for hot water production. The amount of conventional fuel saved, i.e., lignite and oil, is estimated, and the reduction in air pollution is calculated. This allows the calculation of reduction emission factors for solar hot water production to be undertaken. Data, with respect to the materials and the amount of energy necessary for the construction of the solar heaters, are also presented. These can serve as inputs to an energy-environment policy framework in order to lead to reductions in the production of air pollutants like SO₂, NO_x and particulates, and the release of the greenhouse gas CO₂ into the atmosphere.     

高校学生公寓太阳能供热水系统改造及节能分析

本文详细说明了上海海洋大学新校区大学生生活区太阳能热水系统改造工程。首先分析了原热水系统的运行原理和缺陷,提出原热水系统的基础上添加空气源热泵机组,形成新的热水系统,并对热泵机组进行了选型计算。最后通过热水系统改造前后的水、电和天然气的实测消耗量分析了其综合能耗和运行费用。分析结果表明,改造后热水系统的综合能耗减少约21.72%,运行费用减少约23.63%。说明热水系统的改造是成功的。     

Thermal performance of an ammonia-water refrigeration system

The conservation and efficient use of energy has led to alternate methods for air conditioning in buildings. Presently, two types of absorption air conditioning systems are widely used: the lithium-bromide-water system and the ammonia-water system. The first type is typically a water fired absorption chiller while the second one is a gas fired chiller. Some of the lithium-bromide-water systems use as a source of heat a stream of hot water supplied from solar collectors at a temperature level of the order of 95–100 °C. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibilities to use solar energy to operate an ammonia-water system and to predict its thermodynamic performance.

The results indicate that it is feasible to use solar energy to operate an ammonia-water absorption-refrigeration system.     

风冷式太阳能吸收式制冷机性能模拟研究

在环境温度和太阳辐射动态变化的情况下,对制冷量为5 kW的风冷式太阳能吸收式制冷机的性能进行了模拟,得出了集热器出口水温和热水储槽温度随时间变化的规律曲线以及在此规律的影响下吸收式制冷机的性能曲线.模拟结果表明风冷式太阳能吸收式制冷机在理论上是切实可行的,但是环境温度的变化以及风冷系统的散热能力对系统性能有较大的影响,环境温度的升高会使需要风冷降温的冷凝器、吸收器温度升高,从而提高了发生温度的要求,这不利于太阳能的利用和系统的制冷.为此需要强化冷凝器和吸收器的散热效果,来降低境温度对系统的不利影响.