反求工程在风力机桨叶计算模态分析中应用

通过结合反求工程与有限元分析技术对水平轴风力机的桨叶进行了计算模态分析研究。首先采用反求工程技术对桨叶实物进行建模,然后将几何模型导入ANSYS Workbench中,基于Workbench软件对桨叶的模态进行了计算分析。并与实验模态结果加以对比和验证,得到了在低阶条件下合理的桨叶模态计算模型,探讨了以有限元为基础的计算模态分析在低阶条件下主要振动形式。该研究为未知几何模型的风力机桨叶模态分析提供了一种新的途径。     

柴油机机体模态分析与结构改进

为降低机体的表面结构振动和噪声辐射,采用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立了495型柴油机机体的有限元模型,对其进行自由模态分析,并对机体进行了试验模态分析。通过有限元结果和试验结果比较,验证了计算模型的准确性。根据模态分析结果,得出机体的固有振动特性。在该模型的基础上,增加了梯形加强板结构,使其固定于机体油底壳法兰底部。计算结果表明,铝制加强板能提高机体裙部刚度,抑制机体裙部的开合振动,有效地提高机体的固有频率。     

内燃机机体模态分析及辐射噪声的预测

利用有限元技术，建立了内燃机机体模态分析及辐射噪声计算模型，并经过理论计算得到了机体的模态参数及表面噪声分布图。而且对机体进行了试验模态分析及表面声强测试。对比理论分析值与实测值表明，两较一致，说明核计算方法符合实际，可用作低噪声机体设计。     

轿车乘坐室声固耦合系统动态特性分析

首先分别建立了白车身与乘坐室空腔有限元模型,并分别对其进行了模态分析,得到了系统的动态特性的基本信息.然后应用声固耦合理论,充分考虑了车身结构与乘坐室空腔的耦合作用,对乘坐室声固耦合模型进行了频率响应计算,并对结果进行了分析.     

谐振式曲轴弯曲疲劳试验系统的瞬态动力学分析

尽管谐振式曲轴弯曲疲劳试验获得了广泛的应用,但其动力学特性仍有待深入研究.首先对试验系统两自由度等效简化模型进行受迫振动响应的理论分析,得到了瞬态响应的形式,并讨论了系统阻尼比、频率比对瞬态响应的影响.进一步进行了试验系统的有限元模态计算,并利用模态测试对有限元计算的有效性进行了验证.然后根据模态计算的结果和模态测试得到的阻尼比,采用模态叠加法进行曲轴弯曲疲劳试验瞬态动力学计算,得到系统位移响应,并研究了瞬态响应的形式及其对疲劳试验结果的影响.最后通过模态扩展计算得到圆角危险截面圆弧上各点在疲劳试验过程中的弯曲正应力幅值.     

LQ6105柴油机气缸体模态试验研究及静、动态有限元分析

内燃机产品的设计、改型都应进行静态计算及动态分析。目前,常用的且行之有效的方法有：有限元计算分析和试验模态分析。有限元计算分析的主要特点是：其计算分析结果的可靠与否主要取决于计算的数学模型。本文将有限元计算分析与试验模态分析结合使用。利用试验模态分析低频段主模态参数较为可靠的特性来修改有限元计算的数学模型,使有限元单元划分方案及边界条件更接近实际部件的结构。进而对ＬＱ６１０５增压中冷柴油机缸体进行静、动态分析,验证了本文方法的有效性,并获得满意的效果。     

水电厂房三维有限元抗震分析

对某水电站厂房进行了抗震分析,建立了三维有限元动力计算模型,进行了模态求解、反应谱分析,方法简单、实用,计算结果全面、精度高,对在复杂水工建筑物工程进行有限元结构分析是有益的探讨。     

基于实测数据的电缆桥架有限元模型修正

对电缆桥架有限元模型中螺栓连接的复杂结构进行了简化处理,基于实测数据对电缆桥架有限元模型进行了修正。应用ANSYS有限元分析软件对电缆桥架结构进行模态分析,提取了X、Y向整体振型的第1阶模态频率。为验证模型,设计了白噪声激励试验,利用随机子空间法进行模态识别,得到结构的实测频率。采用虚拟材料弹性模量对螺栓参数进行修正。修正前有限元模型模态频率与实测频率的相对误差X向为1.3%、Y向为26.7%,修正后有限元模型模态频率与实测频率的相对误差X向为0.04%、Y向为2.2%。采用修正后的电缆桥架模型进时程分析,并对模拟结果与实测结果进行了比较,结果表明修正后的有限元模型模拟结果与实测结果吻合较好,能更真实地反映结构动力特征。     

基于模态应变能变化率的大型风力发电机叶片损伤识别与定位

基于模态分析理论推导风力机单叶片结构的单元模态应变能变化率计算模型,使用有限元软件ANSYS建立某风场运行的1.5 MW风力发电机单叶片有限元模型,对叶片结构进行模态分析选择4个危险截面设置损伤单元,分8种不同损伤工况研究叶片的低阶模态频率以及模态应变能变化率,以模态应变能变化率作为表征叶片结构损伤的标识量,利用单元模态应变能变化率计算模型得到叶片在不同损伤位置与不同损伤程度下的损伤辨识结果。结果表明对于叶片位置和程度损伤的评估准确有效,可作为进一步研究和实现运行监测的方法。     

某摩托车结构疲劳寿命分析

以某摩托车数字样机为基础,在Hypermesh中建立了车架的有限元模型,利用MSC.Nastran进行了车架模态分析,得到车架的模态结果文件和模态中性文件.利用车架的模态中性文件以及整车CAD模型,在ADAMS中形成虚拟整车台架试验的多体动力学模型,并进行了仿真,得到车架各阶模态对应的应力形状时间历程文件。在MSC.Fatigue中读入车架模态结果文件和车架应力形状时间历程文件计算出了车架的疲劳寿命。     

叶片转角对小型Savonius风机气动性能的影响

Savonius风机是一种典型的垂直轴风力发电机,通过对其进行流固耦合分析,研究叶片转角对风机气动性能的影响。利用ANSYS的CFX流体模块,流体湍流模型选择基于RANS的标准k-ε湍流模型,对风轮进行流固耦合分析,从而获得叶片产生的力矩情况,并计算了风机的功率特性。利用求解结果,得到了力矩系数与叶片转角之间的关系。分析了风机叶片在旋转一周中所产生的最大扭矩以及负扭矩所处的位置和范围。通过分析转角对风机性能的影响,可为今后的Savonius风机叶片形状优化和效率提升提供参考。     

基于一种新的优化方法的水平轴风力机风轮设计软件

提出了一种用于水平轴风机风轮设计的软件。该软件的主要目的是为风力机设计者提供一种灵活的集成设计环境，其核心是一个水平轴风机的气动优化过程。该过程基于一种改进的叶素理论，它采用一个有限叶片的旋涡系，因此叶片数量的影响被考虑进行并可得到更精确的气动力。     

Reconstruction method for running shape of rotor blade considering nonlinear stiffness and loads

The aerodynamic and centrifugal loads acting on the rotating blade make the blade configuration deformed comparing to its shape at rest. Accurate prediction of the running blade configuration plays a significant role in examining and analyzing turbomachinery performance. Considering nonlinear stiffness and loads, a reconstruction method is presented to address transformation of a rotating blade from cold to hot state. When calculating blade deformations, the blade stiffness and load conditions are updated simultaneously as blade shape varies. The reconstruction procedure is iterated till a converged hot blade shape is obtained. This method has been employed to determine the operating blade shapes of a test rotor blade and the Stage 37 rotor blade. The calculated results are compared with the experiments. The results show that the proposed method used for blade operating shape prediction is effective. The studies also show that this method can improve precision of finite element analysis and aerodynamic performance analysis.     

Extracting angles of attack from blade‐resolved rotor CFD simulations

The distribution of the angles of attack over the span of a rotor blade, together with blade element theory, provides a useful framework to understand forces, performance and other fluid dynamic phenomena of axial‐flow rotors. However, the angle of attack is not straightforward to define for a three‐dimensional rotor, where the flow is perturbed by the blade circulation, shed vorticity and wake development. This paper evaluates six methods to extract the angles of attack from blade‐resolved CFD simulations of axial‐flow turbines. Simulations of two different rotors are presented: a low solidity rotor designed for wind and a higher solidity rotor designed for tidal stream energy conversion. Of the analysed methods, five were obtained from the literature and are tested in terms of their internal parameters. The remaining method is named the streamtube analysis method (SAM) and is presented as an improvement on analysis methods that azimuthally average the flow data on the rotor plane, referred to as azimuthal averaging techniques (AATs). The SAM method accounts for the expansion of the streamtubes in flow‐field velocity sampling and exhibits improved convergence on the internal parameters compared with AAT. The six methods are benchmarked in terms of the angles of attack, axial induction factors and the local lift and drag coefficients, identifying that most perform well and converge with each other despite the different underlying assumptions or modelling approaches. However, given the limitations and inherent dependency on internal parameters, the line averaging and SAM are suggested for general flow analysis application.     

Experimental and numerical investigation of tip vortex generation and evolution on horizontal axis wind turbines

The tip vortex of a wind turbine rotor blade is the result of a distribution of aerodynamic loads and circulation over the blade tip. The current knowledge on the generation of the tip vorticity in a 3D rotating environment still lacks detailed experimental evidence, particularly for yawed flow. The aim of this paper is to investigate how circulation at the blade tip behaves and how vorticity is eventually released in the wake, for both axial and 30° yawed flow conditions through the combination of experimental and numerical simulations. Stereo particle image velocimetry is used to measure the flow field at the tip of a 2m diameter, two‐bladed rotor at the TU Delft Open Jet Facility, for both axial and yawed flow; numerical simulations of the experiments are performed using a 3D, unsteady potential flow free‐wake vortex model. The generation mechanisms of the tip vorticity are established. The spanwise circulation along the blade exhibits a similar variation in both axial and yaw cases. A comparison of the chordwise directed circulation variation along the chord between axial and yawed flow is also presented and shown to be different. The analysis is based on contour integration of the velocity field. The tip vortex trajectory for axial flow confirms previous observations on the MEXICO rotor. The experimental results for yawed conditions have clearly shown how vorticity is swept radially away from the blade under the influence of the in‐plane radial component of flow. Such phenomena were only partially captured by the numerical model. The results of this work have important implications on the modelling of blade tip corrections. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modeling,control, and simulation of dual rotor wind turbine generator system

A new wind turbine generator system (WTGS) is introduced, and its mathematical model, blade pitch control scheme, and nonlinear simulation software for the performance prediction are presented. The notable feature of WTGS is that it consists of two rotor systems positioned horizontally at upwind and downwind locations, and a generator installed vertically inside the tower. In this paper, this new WTGS is treated as a constrained multi-body system, and the equations of motion are obtained by using the multi-body dynamics approach. Aerodynamic forces and torques generated from each of rotor blades are calculated using the blade element theory. Various pitch control schemes depending on the wind speed and the main rotor's rotational speed are implemented. A relatively simple model for the load torque is obtained by using the test data of the doubly fed induction generator adopted in the new WTGS. Finally, FORTRAN and Matlab/Simulink-based hybrid simulation software is developed and used to predict and analyze the performance of the WTGS.     

风力机桨叶结构振动特性有限元分析

假设风力机叶片是一个末端固支的悬臂梁结构,以有限元方法建立风力机叶片的振动方程,以实际的风力机７ＦＤ－２００为例,应用国际通用的大型有限元分析程序ＡＬＧＯＲ－ＦＥＡＳ,对其振动特性进行分析。ＢＯＲＬＡＮＤＣ３．１语言为编程工具,在ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ１２ｆｏｒ ＷｉｎＡＤＳ Ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ环境下开发了简便易用的前处理模块,自动生成叶片的有限元网格图。在计算中,把风力机叶片的振动分为垂直于旋转平面     

Flowfield and heat transfer past an unshrouded gas turbine blade tip with different shapes

This paper describes the numerical investigations of flow and heat transfer in an unshrouded turbine rotor blade of a heavy duty gas turbine with four tip configurations. By comparing the calculated contours of heat transfer coefficients on the flat tip of the HP turbine rotor blade in the GE-E³ aircraft engine with the corresponding experimental data, the κ-ω turbulence model was chosen for the present numerical simulations. The inlet and outlet boundary conditions for the turbine rotor blade are specified as the real gas turbine, which were obtained from the 3D full stage simulations. The rotor blade and the hub endwall are rotary and the casing is stationary. The influences of tip configurations on the tip leakage flow and blade tip heat transfer were discussed. It’s showed that the different tip configurations changed the leakage flow patterns and the pressure distributions on the suction surface near the blade tip. Compared with the flat tip, the total pressure loss caused by the leakage flow was decreased for the full squealer tip and pressure side squealer tip, while increased for the suction side squealer tip. The suction side squealer tip results in the lowest averaged heat transfer coefficient on the blade tip compared to the other tip configurations.     

A vortex model for Darrieus turbine using finite element techniques

Since 1970 several aerodynamic prediction models have been formulated for the Darrieus turbine. We can identify two families of models: stream-tube and vortex. The former needs much less computation time but the latter is more accurate. The purpose of this paper is to show a new option for modelling the aerodynamic behaviour of Darrieus turbines. The idea is to combine a classic free vortex model with a finite element analysis of the flow in the surroundings of the blades. This avoids some of the remaining deficiencies in classic vortex models. The agreement between analysis and experiment when predicting instantaneous blade forces and near wake flow behind the rotor is better than the one obtained in previous models.