海洋平台上次氯酸钠发生装置的设计应用

为了避免海洋石油平台的海水系统中被海洋微生物所污染,因此海洋平台中经常会采用一些防海生物装置,而这其中次氯酸钠发生装置是一种比较常用的装置.本文通过介绍次氯酸钠防海生物装置的原理,特点,归纳出海洋平台上次氯酸钠装置的一些设计要点.     

吕四港电厂循环水加氯方式研究

吕四港发电厂用海水制氯设备制备次氯酸钠对循环水冷却水系统进行海生物的控制处理,在运行过程中发现贝类生物附着严重,采取调整加药方式,海生物的附着得到改善。分析对比不同的加药方式,并提出建议。     

上海首制自升式钻井平台命名交付

正5月28日,上海建造的第一座自升式钻井平台命名交117"和3000米深水半潜式钻井平台"海洋石油981"之后,付。这是继30万吨海上浮式生产储油船(FPSO)"海洋石油上海外高桥造船公司开发建造的外一高端海洋装备。     

中国海工装备：垄断方能自强？

随着海洋石油的大量开采,近年来海工装备业备受关注。5月底,在上海闪亮出航的“海洋石油981”号深水半潜式钻井平台,着实让为南海问题而焦虑的国人松了一口气。在官方通讯社发出的通稿中,称“海洋石油981是我国首座自主设计、建造的第六代深水半潜式钻井平台”,并且“中国海油拥有该船型自主知识产权”。     

山东中海石化正式更名。准备开炼海洋原油

原山东中海石化与中海油集团的合并已经正式完成，并更名为“中海石油东营石化有限公司”。该厂常减压装置近期准备开工，将开炼海洋原油，并且实现焦化原料自产为主，改变以前单一依靠外采的局面。     

一种新型防误闭锁装置的应用

介绍了一种新型防误闭锁装置在某330kV电压等级变电站安装和使用过程中,从锁具安装位置设计、模拟操作中设备实际位置状态回传到闭锁逻辑设计的具体实现。在此基础上．探讨了该防误闭锁装置在实际安装和应用中应注意的一些问题,为变电站防误闭锁装置的更可靠、高效应用提供参考。     

次氯酸钠对MBR与污泥微生物的影响研究综述

膜生物反应器结合传统生物处理和膜过滤技术,在废水处理行业得到广泛应用,但膜污染的问题一直限制着该技术的发展,而次氯酸钠在线反洗则是缓解膜污染的一种常规性手段。该文综合了关于次氯酸钠的基本性质、清洗机制以及对微生物影响、膜污染之间的关系等相关研究,在一定程度上剖析了化学清洗过程中次氯酸钠的长期使用可能对MBR系统中脱氮功能微生物以及膜污染造成的负面影响,以期对MBR系统中化学清洗的影响有更全面和深入的认识。     

自适应潮位变化的岸基式波浪能发电装置

海洋波浪能是一种清洁环保且可再生的新型能源,在当今能源短缺的情况下,作为绿色能源的海洋波浪能,其开发利用技术得到迅速发展。文章提出了一套自适应潮位变化的岸基式波浪能发电装置,此装置靠岸布置发电机组,蓄能器、发电机等重要设备直接设于岸基之上,规避了搭建海洋平台的安全隐患,节省了大量的资金,同时对相关部分进行了专门设计,在绝大部分依靠自身能量的前提下,实现了发电装置自适应潮位变化的功能。工程试验表明,该发电装置的安全稳定性高、单元发电成本低、系统独立性强,具有很大的经济价值和实用价值。     

海洋石油943平台石油工程HSE风险控制措施研究

文中介绍了海洋石油工程一般HSE管理措施,并以海洋943平台为例,研究了阻流压井管汇底部管线锈蚀、钻台转盘底部泥浆管线经改造后防腐不到位、油气分离器安全阀溢流出口未按要求引流至泥浆回流槽或舷外、钻台液压气动吊卡未刷防手部伤害警示色等多种海洋石油工程常见的风险隐患,并提出了相应的改进措施。     

波浪能发电技术研究进展

摘要： 波浪能是一种清洁可再生的新型能源,已经吸引了各国研究者的目光,开展了相关的研究并已取得一定的成果。文章介绍了各种波浪能发电装置的原理,对海洋波浪能发电装置进行了分类,总结了几种典型海洋波浪能发电装置的优缺点,列举了一些国内外较为成功的波浪能示范电站,并针对现阶段国内外研究现状指出今后波浪能发电装置的发展趋势及前景。     

An investigation of variable power collective pitch control for load mitigation of floating offshore wind turbines

This paper investigates the loads on offshore floating wind turbines and a new control method that can be used to reduce these loads. In this variable power collective pitch control method, the rated generator speed, which is the set point that the collective pitch control attempts to drive the actual generator speed towards, is no longer a constant value but instead is a variable that depends on the platform pitch velocity. At a basic physical level, this controller achieves the following: as the rotor of a floating turbine pitches upwind, the controller adjusts so as to extract more energy from the wind by increasing the rated generator speed and thus damps the motion; as the rotor pitches downwind, less energy is extracted because the controller reduces the rated generator speed and again damps the motion. This method is applied to the NREL 5 MW wind turbine model, in above rated conditions where the platform motion is most problematic. The results indicate significant load reductions on key structural components, at the expense of minor increases in power and speed variability. The loads on the blades and tower are investigated more generally, and simple dynamic models are used to gain insight into the behavior of floating wind turbine systems. It is clear that for this particular design, aerodynamic methods for reducing platform motion and tower loads are likely inadequate to allow for a viable design, so new designs or possibly new control degrees of freedom are needed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海上油气田不压井作业工艺的可行性试验研究

不压井作业是指在井筒内有压力存在的情况下,不放喷、不压井,通过油管堵塞器与不压井作业设备的配合使用,克服井筒上顶力,进行强行起下或者下压作业的一种方法,不压井作业具备油气层保护和环境保护方面的条件和优势。为减少海上油气田井下作业对油气层的伤害及环境污染风险,最大限度地提高产能和采收率,保护环境,研究适合我国海洋油田工作环境和生产特点的不压井作业技术及其应用。基于现有不压井作业技术,结合海洋油气田的作业环境、井下生产管柱结构及常用的不压井装置,通过模拟海上气井实际工况,在陆地进行不压井作业施工试验。实验结果表明,通过对不压井作业技术的升级和对不压井设备的更新改造,可以应用于海上油气田作业。鉴于该技术和设备的结构特点,应用前需要对作业所在平台的大小、油气井井口结构和承载能力进行调研,以确保海上作业的安全、质量和时效。在海洋油气田的完井、修井作业中,推荐使用不压井作业技术。     

An investigation of variable power collective pitch control for load mitigation of floating offshore wind turbines

This paper investigates the loads on offshore floating wind turbines and a new control method that can be used to reduce these loads. In this variable power collective pitch control method, the rated generator speed, which is the set point that the collective pitch control attempts to drive the actual generator speed towards, is no longer a constant value but instead a variable that depends on the platform pitch velocity. At a basic physical level, this controller achieves the following: as the rotor of a floating turbine pitches upwind, the controller adjusts so as to extract more energy from the wind by increasing the rated generator speed and thus damps the motion; as the rotor pitches downwind, less energy is extracted because the controller reduces the rated generator speed and again damps the motion. This method is applied to the NREL 5 MW wind turbine model, in above‐rated conditions where the platform motion is most problematic. The results indicate significant load reductions on key structural components, at the expense of minor increases in power and speed variability. The loads on the blades and tower are investigated more generally, and simple dynamic models are used to gain insight into the behavior of floating wind turbine systems. It is clear that for this particular design, aerodynamic methods for reducing platform motion and tower loads are likely inadequate to allow for a viable design, and so new designs or possibly new control degrees of freedom are needed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

离岸摆式波浪能装置基础适用性分析

文章分析了离岸摆式波浪能装置的工作原理及其适用的环境条件,针对目前海洋石油平台几种主要的基础形式,包括桩基础、重力式基础和桶形基础等,分析研究其特点及其适用的土质条件,并就某一站址海域具体的海洋地质情况进行了分析,提出适用于波浪能装置的海底基础形式,计算基础承载力,为后续的实际应用提供理论支持。     

Evaluation of PMSG‐based drivetrain technologies for 10‐MW floating offshore wind turbines: Pros and cons in a life cycle perspective

This paper presents an in depth evaluation and comparison of three different drivetrain choices based on permanent‐magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) technology for 10‐MW offshore wind turbines. The life cycle approach is suggested to evaluate the performance of the different under consideration drivetrain topologies. Furthermore, the design of the drivetrain is studied through optimized designs for the generator and gearbox. The proposed drivetrain analytical optimization approach supported by numerical simulations shows that application of gearbox in 10‐MW offshore wind turbines can help to reduce weight, raw material cost, and size and simultaneously improve the efficiency. The possibility of resonance with the first torsional natural frequency of drivetrain for the different designed drivetrain systems, the influence of gear ratio, and the feasibility of the application for a spar floating platform are also discussed. This study gives evidence on how gearbox can mitigate the torque oscillation consequences on the other components and how the latter can influence the reliability of drivetrain.     

海上风电场孤网状态下的备用柴油发电机方案研究

  [目的]  为保障海上风电场孤网状态下的安全可靠运行,对备用柴油发电机组的配置方案与运行方式进行了研究。  [方法]  通过对孤网状态下的电气负荷、无功过电压、短路电流、谐波及保护整定进行分析,来验证备用柴油发电机组配置方案的合理性。  [结果]  研究表明:在文章给定的案例下,配置额定容量为1.2 MW的备用柴油发电机及2 Mvar的电抗器时,在运行维护的工况下,一半风机接入孤网时可满足风机和海上升压站的负荷需求和电压要求,也满足35 kV海缆无功需求。同时,为了避免谐波谐振,不推荐孤网备用柴油发电机组为风机提供偏航电源。对于柴油发电机组升压变压器、海上升压站接地变兼站用变,推荐采用复压过流作为主保护。  [结论]  配置方案为研究海上风电场孤网运行方案提供了思路。     

海上稠油热采吞吐设备的标准化思考

介绍了海上稠油热采吞吐设备的使用现状,就多厂家产品之间执行标准不统一造成的兼容性差等问题,提出了设备标准化、规范化、小型化、自动化、实用化及维保专业化的措施,对设备的标准制定提出了建议,展望了未来海上稠油热采吞吐设备的发展趋势。     

CFD simulation of a floating offshore wind turbine system using a variable-speed generator-torque controller

Prediction and control of rotor rotational velocity is critical for accurate aerodynamic loading and generator power predictions. A variable-speed generator-torque controller is combined with the two-phase CFD solver CFDShip-Iowa V4.5. The developed code is utilized in simulations of the 5 MW floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) conceptualized by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) for the Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration (OC3). Fixed platform simulations are first performed to determine baseline rotor velocity and developed torque. A prescribed platform motion simulation is completed to identify effects of platform motion on rotor torque. The OC3’s load case 5.1, with regular wave and steady wind excitation, is performed and results are compared to NREL’s OC3 results. The developed code is shown to functionally control generator speed and torque but requires controller calibration for maximum power extraction. Generator speed variance is observed to be a function of unsteady stream-wise platform motions. The increased mooring forces of the present model are shown to keep the turbine in a more favorable variable-speed control region. Lower overall platform velocity magnitudes and less rotor torque are predicted corresponding to lower rotor rotational velocities and a reduction in generated power. Potential improvements and modifications to the present method are considered.     

Availability,operation and maintenance costs of offshore wind turbines with different drive train configurations

Different configurations of gearbox, generator and power converter exist for offshore wind turbines. This paper investigated the performance of four prominent drive train configurations over a range of sites distinguished by their distance to shore. Failure rate data from onshore and offshore wind turbine populations was used where available or systematically estimated where no data was available. This was inputted along with repair resource requirements to an offshore accessibility and operation and maintenance model to calculate availability and operation and maintenance costs for a baseline wind farm consisting of 100 turbines. The results predicted that turbines with a permanent magnet generator and a fully rated power converter will have a higher availability and lower operation and maintenance costs than turbines with doubly fed induction generators. This held true for all sites in this analysis. It was also predicted that in turbines with a permanent magnet generator, the direct drive configuration has the highest availability and lowest operation and maintenance costs followed by the turbines with two‐stage and three‐stage gearboxes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.