微细管束换热器结霜及流动对流换热特性实验研究

利用可视化换热器性能实验台测试了微细管束表面在无换热、大温差、凝露条件下不同风速工况的流动损失与空气侧换热系数。同时探究了超低温工况下，相对湿度和风速对微细管束换热器流动换热特性影响。相对湿度增大，湿空气释放潜热增加，结霜量增大，换热器前后压损增加。高速气流具有剪切作用，风速增大会导致结霜迟滞。     

热管换热器应用于商场排风能量回收的探讨

指出商场排风能量回收的潜力,对多种热回收装置进行比较,重点将热管换热器同转轮式换热器进行了回收能量、经济效益等方面的比较。得出结论,热管换热器应用于空调排风能量回收在技术经济上完全可行。     

小型热管能量回收机组的实验研究

根据传热学原理,对热虹吸管换热器的传热热阻进行分析,得出影响其热传效率的主要因素为外部对流换热热阻。如何强化热管与外界传热是热虹吸管换热器设计的关键。同时在研究热虹吸管传热的基础上,根据风机盘管的结构,研制出小型吊装单元式热虹吸管能量回收机组。在冬季工况下,通过实验分析了室外新风温度、倾角、迎面风速、室内外温差等参数对样机温度效率的影响,以及样机回收热量与迎面风速的关系,并对样机做经济效益分析,为工程应用提供了参考依据。     

Thermodynamic analysis of novel hybrid liquid air energy storage system combined with ORC

为了进一步提高液态空气储能（LAES）的系统效率，提出了一种利用有机朗肯循环（ORC）回收利用LAES放电过程中余冷和余热的新型LAES系统。采用Aspen HYSYS V8.4流程模拟方法研究了系统中不同设备性能参数对LAES系统热力特性的影响。结果表明：低温泵等熵效率和换热器夹点温度对LAES系统效率的影响较小；透平等熵效率和燃烧室出口温度对LAES系统效率的影响非常显著，LAES系统效率随透平等熵效率和燃烧室出口温度的增加而显著增加；LAES系统效率随低温泵出口压力的升高而增加，但增加幅度会逐渐减小。该研究结果可为LAES系统的工程应用和效率提升提供重要参考和依据。     

基于分形换热器的聚光太阳能PV/T一体化系统数值研究

建立基于分形换热器的聚光太阳能光伏光热一体化(PV/T)系统三维物理模型和稳态传热数学模型。采用控制容积法对系统模型进行求解,获得层流状态下不同雷诺数、不同聚光条件下系统内冷却流体的速度场分布、电池温度分布以及系统的电、热性能参数。计算结果表明:在一定范围热电联合效率随雷诺数的增大而增大,随聚光强度增强而增加,随入口温度的降低而增大;太阳电池板表面最大温差随雷诺数增大而减小。     

小型温差发电器性能影响因素研究

通过实验的方式测量了热空气流量、温度和冷却风速对半导体温差发电器性能的影响。研究结果表明:随着热空气流量的增加,热端换热效果增强,使得集热器温度升高,进而冷热源温差增大,热电模块的开路电压增加。随着热空气温度的升高,集热器的温度同时也在升高,此时冷热源温差增大,热电模块的开路电压增加。随着冷却风风速的增加,冷端换热器的换热效果增强同时也影响热端集热器的温度。     

温差发电模型的热电性能数值计算和分析

为研究半导体温差发电器的热电性能,利用有限元分析方法分别对由4对、12对和126对p/n结构成的3种温差发电模型进行热电耦合仿真模拟。分析负载电阻、温差、p-n结对数不同时,温差发电模型内阻、开路电压、路端电压、回路电流、功率及效率的变化规律。结果表明:温差发电模型内阻仅随p-n结对数的增大而线性增大,不受其他条件影响;开路电压、路端电压和回路电流均随p-n结对数和温差的增加而增大;功率和效率均随温差的增加而增大,当负载电阻与内阻相等时,温差发电模型的功率和效率最大。当温差由128℃增至218℃时,3种模型的最大功率分别由0.15、0.46和5.7 W增至0.44、1.33和16.5 W,126对模型的最大效率由2.4%增至4%。     

重整进料换热器夹点温度设计的讨论

重整进料换热器是催化重整装置的核心设备之一,反应进料和反应产物在此进行热量交换,提高进料温度、降低产物温度,直接影响重整进料炉和重整产物空冷器的负荷。夹点温度是重整进料换热器工艺设计中的关键参数。根据工艺流程模拟计算中的物流数据,作出相关温焓曲线,通过曲线可求出夹点温度。重整进料换热过程是有相变的换热过程,夹点温度是温焓曲线上温差最小处,应采用分区法计算对数平均温差。可根据设备总费用增量的回收期判断重整进料换热器夹点温度是否合适。重整进料换热器热端温差越大,夹点温度越高,两者几乎成正比关系,可根据热端温差来判断换热器的夹点温度。氢油比对重整进料换热器夹点温度的影响与热端温差相关,当热端温差固定时,夹点温度随氢油比增大而增大,对装置扩能改造时重整进料换热器的设计具有指导意义。     

600MW直接空冷机组冷端换热面积计算与分析

分析了空冷凝汽器总传热系数的计算方法,通过迭代计算和设定的误差确定管内凝结换热系数,并将管外换热系数表达成迎面风速的函数,最终得出了总换热系数与迎面风速的关系式.建立了换热面积的目标函数,并进行了变工况计算,得出换热面积随迎面风速、排汽压力的增大而减小,随环境温度的增加而增加.通过分析初始温差ITD、迎面风速与设计气温对换热面积的影响,提出在空冷系统优化设计中,应以初始温差和迎面风速作为变量参数.     

无级弧线型挡板对火电机组冷却塔性能影响的实验

建立300 MW火电机组实验模型,研究弧形挡板对冷却塔性能的影响,获得最佳弧形挡板布置方式,并对各因素进行回归分析,找出冷却塔高效运行的工况范围。研究表明:存在临界风速vcr,当风速小于该值,随风速增大冷却性能逐渐降低;当风速大于该值,随风速增大冷却性能逐渐提高;弧形挡板可有效减弱环境侧风对冷却性能的不利影响,挡板安装角在45°~75°范围内冷却温差和效率相较于无侧风无弧形挡板都有不同程度的提高;进塔水温(28~38℃)越高时,冷却塔效率越高。     

湿式空气热量回收过程的场协同分析

在介绍湿式空气热量回收装置和场协同含义的基础上,对湿式空气热量回收过程中影响换热性能的各个因素进行了场协同分析。结果表明,在湿式空气热量回收装置中,排风及新风的风速以及换热芯体的板间距、板宽、板高等因素都会对换热效果产生不同程度的影响。研究结果对于湿式空气热量回收装置的优化设计具有一定的参考价值。     

Heat pipe heat exchanger for heat recovery in air conditioning

The heat pipe heat exchangers are used in heat recovery applications to cool the incoming fresh air in air conditioning applications. Two streams of fresh and return air have been connected with heat pipe heat exchanger to investigate the thermal performance and effectiveness of heat recovery system. Ratios of mass flow rate between return and fresh air of 1, 1.5 and 2.3 have been adapted to validate the heat transfer and the temperature change of fresh air. Fresh air inlet temperature of 32–40 °C has been controlled, while the inlet return air temperature is kept constant at about 26 °C. The results showed that the temperature changes of fresh and return air are increased with the increase of inlet temperature of fresh air. The effectiveness and heat transfer for both evaporator and condenser sections are also increased to about 48%, when the inlet fresh air temperature is increased to 40 °C. The effect of mass flow rate ratio on effectiveness is positive for evaporator side and negative for condenser side. The enthalpy ratio between the heat recovery and conventional air mixing is increased to about 85% with increasing fresh air inlet temperature. The optimum effectiveness of heat pipe heat exchanger is estimated and compared with the present experimental data. The results showed that the effectiveness is close to the optimum effectiveness at fresh air inlet temperature near the fluid operating temperature of heat pipes.     

Performance of unglazed solar ventilation air pre-heaters for broiler barns

Solar radiation is an interesting heat source for applications requiring a limited amount of energy, such as pre-heating cold fresh air used in venting livestock barns. The objective of this study was to evaluate the energy recovery efficiency of a solar air pre-heater consisting of an unglazed perforated black corrugated siding where the incoming fresh ventilation air picks up heat from its face and back. Installed on the southeast wall of two broiler barns located 40 km east of Montreal, Canada, the performance of solar air pre-heaters was monitored over 2 years. Sensors inside the barns monitored the temperature of the ambient air, that pre-heated by the solar collector and that exhausted by one of the three operating fans. An on-site weather station measured ambient air temperature, wind direction and velocity and radiation energy absorbed on a vertical plane parallel to the unglazed solar air pre-heaters. The measured vertical solar radiation value was used to evaluate the heat recovery efficiency of the unglazed solar air pre-heaters. Using data from the Varennes Environment Canada weather station located 30 km northwest, the solar sensors were found to measure the absorbed solar radiation with a maximum error of 7%, including differences in exterior air moisture. Unglazed, the efficiency of the solar air pre-heaters reached 65% for wind velocities under 2 m/s, but dropped below 25% for wind velocities exceeding 7 m/s. Nevertheless, the unglazed solar air pre-heaters were able to reduce the heating load especially in March of both years. Over a period starting in November and ending in March, the solar air heaters recovered an energy value equivalent to an annual return on investment of 4.7%.     

空气压缩机热能回收改造实践

针对空气压缩机大量余热散失浪费的现状,提出了一种废热利用方案.结合具体项目实践,对方案设计、采用的主要设备以及节能效益进行论述.实践证明,项目改造后可为企业节省运行费用85.2万元,项目改造的回收期为9个月,为空压机热能回收在工业上的节能技改提供了可借鉴的途径.     

Experimental investigation on heat recovery from condensation of thermal power plant exhaust steam by a CO2 vapor compression cycle

In this paper, a method that utilizes CO₂ vapor compression thermodynamic cycle to recover low‐temperature heat from exhausted water steam of fossil fuel thermal power plants is reported. Experimental investigation was carried out to study the characteristics of low‐temperature heat recovery by liquid CO₂ evaporation process from vacuum exhausted steam condensation occurring at the turbine exit. Furthermore, measured heat recovery performances over one whole year are presented and discussed. Experimental results show that the present heat recovery process by CO₂ vapor compression cycle is able to operate stably. The yearly averaged water temperature at the CO₂ condenser outlet was measured at 87.5 °C with a COP value above 5.0. This high energy efficiency ratio is found to be mainly due to two factors: the transcritical CO₂ vapor compression and steam condensation phase change occurring on the CO₂ evaporator. The findings from this paper provide helpful guidelines for low‐temperature heat recovery system design and improving fossil fuel utilization efficiency. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An experimental study on the heat recovery from the exhaust air of stenters with a packed bed column

Stenters are the dryers that are commonly used in textile finishing mills. The exhaust air of the stenters is of great potential of energy saving via heat recovery mainly using the latent heat of condensation of the water vapour involved. This study reveals the usage possibility of a packed bed column for the heat recovery from the exhaust air of the stenter. An experimental investigation was carried out with a laboratory‐scale counter flow packed bed column. Additionally, an exergetic evaluation of the system was performed. Water inlet temperature and relative humidity ratio of the exhaust air are the main factors that affect the water outlet temperatures and efficiency of the system. It was observed that a decrease in the water inlet temperature increases the recovered exergy; however, water outlet temperature is not significantly affected by the inlet temperature of the water. The exergy efficiency of the system increases with the increase in the relative humidity ratio of the exhaust air. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

汽车空调暖风系统平行流换热器换热性能研究

平行流换热器以其结构紧凑、换热效率高的特点已广泛应用于汽车空调中.简要介绍了汽车空调暖风系统平行流换热器结构,采用计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟方法对平行流换热器的换热性能进行了分析,比较了空气侧风速和水流量对其换热量和流动阻力的影响.模拟结果表明:在增加相同百分比的情况下,增加空气侧风速比增加水流量对换热器换热量的影响大16%左右,但增加空气侧风速和水流量对换热器换热能力的影响均有限;随着风速的提高,换热量增加率逐渐减小,而空气侧阻力增加率越来越大;随着水流量增加,水侧压降增大非常明显;但两者增加对空气侧出口温度影响均不明显.     

Techno-economic analysis of a novel hybrid heat pump system to recover waste heat and condensate from the low-temperature boiler exhaust gas

This paper is based on the proposal of a new waste heat recovery (WHR) system, which can be utilized to heat the boiler return water, boiler supply air, and building heating air. The system is the combination of an indirect contact condensing unit (IDCCU), a mechanical compression heat pump, and two air preheaters. The system is modeled on the basis of mass and energy balance and then thermodynamically analyzed. Improved performance results were obtained in the form of an increase in the boiler's energy efficiency of about 10.47%, with 4.87% increase in exergy efficiency. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump was increased from 1.23 to 1.45 by the addition of an air heater in the conventional heat pump. The exergy destruction in each component is calculated. Sensitivity analysis was performed to check the influence of different operating parameters on the performance of the WHR system and boiler. It can be observed from the results that for a specific refrigerant temperature and a calculated amount of mass, flow rate can maximize the condensation efficiency of IDCCU by decreasing the flue gas temperature, while the use of the air heater can further reduce the flue gas temperature, and a stream of hot air can be utilized for space heating. A comparison is made with the other system on a performance basis. The results shows a clear difference in efficiencies and profit earned.     

某环境监测业务用房空调系统节能分析

通过对某环境监测业务用房空调系统的设计,叙述了新风显热热回收、送风式通风柜、车库CO气体浓度传感器通风系统及水泵变频技术的应用及其节能效果,通过比较计算,指出了几种技术应用具有良好的节能效益。