夏季套室内人体热舒适的数值预测

用数值方法预测了夏季套室内气流的速度、温度、人体热舒适指数干球合成温度等参数的分布，计算中考虑太阳热辐射和外界气温等条件的影响。根据相关成果，对预测出的套室内人体热舒适进行评定，所预测套室内环境达到了人体的热舒适性基本要求，并得到舒适情况下的干球合成温度范围。     

小型会议室夏季空调气流组织及热舒适性研究

利用计算流体力学的方法，通过Airpak软件对3种气流组织形式（同侧送排风、异侧送排风和置换通风）下小型会议室夏季室内热环境进行数值模拟，得到不同气流组织形式下的室内温度、速度、PMV值和PPD值分布，对比分析不同气流组织的人员热舒适性。结果显示：室内供冷工况下，会议室采用置换通风形式满足的热舒适等级更高，且室内的气流速度波动较小，能够较好地满足人体热舒适要求，是理想的气流组织形式。     

公共建筑环境因素对热舒适性的影响

利用热舒适仪现场测试了公共建筑人体的热舒指标PMV、温湿度等参数,分析了这些参数对人体舒适性的影响,改善夏季人体热舒适性,为我国的空调节能政策提供依据和方法。研究结果表明室内空气温度是影响人体舒适性最主要的因素,相对湿度在60%时,温度每升高1℃。PMV值约增加0.3;室内温度在26℃时,相对湿度每升高10%,PMV值约增加0.1,由此可见相对湿度对人体舒适性的影响不容忽视。     

基于VR的声光环境对人体热舒适及生理反应的影响

通过人工气候室实验研究基于虚拟现实技术（VR）构建的声光环境对人体热感觉、热舒适及生理参数的影响及性别差异，分析主观投票和生理参数间的相关性。结果显示：偏冷环境下（20℃），暖色调声光环境可将热感觉投票向中性校正，冷色调声光环境可加剧受试者冷感，使其更不舒适；中性环境下（25℃），声光环境对热感觉、热舒适的影响较小；声光环境联合作用效果强于单独作用效果；性别差异在热感觉、热舒适方面最为显著，声、光环境对男性热感觉、热舒适的影响略强于对女性的影响；人体热感觉、热舒适均与多种生理参数间存在显著相关关系。     

兰州市某高校学生公寓春季热舒适调查研究

为探究高校学生公寓春季室内热舒适状况,采用现场测试与问卷调查相结合的方法对兰州市某高校14间学生公寓室内热环境状况进行了现场调查研究,共获得181份有效人体热反应样本。运用统计分析法对受试者的热感觉、衣服热阻与操作温度进行了回归分析。结果表明,春季公寓内学生着装的平均服装热阻为0.689clo,90.1%的学生对室内20.4℃的平均温度表示接受;实测热中性温度为17.8℃,预测热中性温度为19.8℃,所期望的室内温度为18.7℃;80%的学生可接受的操作温度范围是17.7~22.1℃,其热接受温度下限比同属寒冷地区西安市的高3.2℃。该研究结果可为兰州高校学生公寓室内热环境的控制和制定其室内热舒适标准提供参考。     

基于热舒适观点的房间热性能评价

介绍了通过计算不舒适指标评价房间热性能的方法。基于人体热反应从热舒适角度来评价房间的热性能 ,得出人体热舒适对房间建筑参数的敏感程度。这些参数主要包括围护结构的物理性质 ,房间的位置、朝向及几何形状     

突变热环境中桌面风扇作用下的热舒适研究

为了研究温度突变工况下使用风扇对人体热舒适的影响,在人工环境实验室内,营造了不同的温度突变环境(34℃-26℃-34℃、34℃-28℃-34℃、34℃-30℃-34℃)对20名青年受试者开展了人体热反应的实验研究。实验对比分析不同工况下受试者心理和生理反应的变化。实验结果表明,温度突降时,会出现“冷感超越”现象,且温差越大,超越现象越明显,热感觉稳定时间更长。使用桌面风扇可以使热感觉更快地达到稳定。皮肤温度也随温度突变发生显著变化。同时得到受试者在三种不同温度工况下的偏好风速,发现使用风扇能显著改善热湿环境中受试者的热舒适。     

隔断式工位空调系统气流组织与人体热舒适评价

采用K-ε湍流模型对采用隔断式工位空调的典型办公室工作微环境进行数值模拟,分析工位空调在人体周围所形成的非均一环境参数场,并进一步研究非均匀环境对人体热舒适的影响.在不同工位送风参数下对房间和人体周围环境参数的分布状况及吹风感和热舒适性进行研究.模拟结果发现:工位空调送风可以使室内温度呈现分区分布,工位送风效率高,可以...     

室内自然通风环境热舒适性研究

通过建立室内自然通风模型,研究了系统在不同温度、不同进风口风速及不同外窗开度情况耦合工况下,人体热舒适感受能够承受的温度上限和空气流速与外窗开度的适用范围。结果表明,室内热舒适性会随室外温度升高而明显恶化,温度达28.5℃时超过热舒适性指标国家标准推荐值;各因子中,风速及温度对室内热舒适性影响比重相对较轻,外窗开度的影响最大;20%为外窗开度下限,随开度的增大室内热舒适性增强;风速增加带来的不适"吹风感"也需考虑,该个体差异性感受会使得室内热舒适性迅速下降。     

太阳能供暖系统的室内舒适性研究

以太阳能供暖系统的室内舒适性为研究对象,首先建立系统各部分的动态模型,其次运用动态仿真的方法结合室内舒适性的特点和要求提出合理的室内最佳空气温度及室内供回水温度,最后探讨和分析影响系统运行的因素;仿真结果揭示出服装热阻、低温地板的供回水温度、系统流量等对室内的舒适性和系统运行稳定性的影响。本研究对我国建筑室内环境热舒适的研究和评价标准的改进具有参考价值,并可为以后的研究提供参考和理论支持。     

Energy saving by integrated control of natural ventilation and HVAC systems using model guide for comparison

Integrated control by controlling both natural ventilation and HVAC systems based on human thermal comfort requirement can result in significant energy savings. The concept of this paper differs from conventional methods of energy saving in HVAC systems by integrating the control of both these HVAC systems and the available natural ventilation that is based on the temperature difference between the indoor and the outdoor air. This difference affects the rate of change of indoor air enthalpy or indoor air potential energy storage. However, this is not efficient enough as there are other factors affecting the rate of change of indoor air enthalpy that should be considered to achieve maximum energy saving. One way of improvement can be through the use of model guide for comparison (MGFC) that uses physical-empirical hybrid modelling to predict the rate of change of indoor air potential energy storage considering building fabric and its fixture. Three methods (normal, conventional and proposed) are tested on an identical residential building model using predicted mean vote (PMV) sensor as a criterion test for thermal comfort standard. The results indicate that the proposed method achieved significant energy savings compared with the other methods while still achieving thermal comfort.     

Application of terminal box optimization of single‐duct air‐handling units

Terminal boxes maintain room temperature by modulating supply air temperature and airflow in building heating, ventilation and air‐conditioning (HVAC) systems. Terminal boxes with conventional control sequences often supply inadequate airflow to a conditioned space, resulting in occupant discomfort, or provide excessive airflow that wastes significant reheat energy. In this study, the procedure for the optimal minimum airflow setpoint was developed to improve thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption. The determined minimum airflow setpoint was applied in an office building air‐conditioning system. Improvements in indoor thermal comfort and energy reduction were verified through measurement. The results show that the minimum airflow reset can stably maintain room temperature, satisfy comfort standards and reduce energy consumption compared with the conventional control. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical analysis and field measurements of the airflow patterns and thermal comfort in an indoor swimming pool: a case study

Public indoor swimming pools are a very popular type of sports facility. They need to ensure good indoor air quality and thermal comfort of the occupants (TCO) while reducing their energy consumption. The objectives of this study are to develop a numerical code, based on the zonal method; to investigate the indoor airflow patterns; and to determine the TCO in the indoor swimming pool. The numerical simulation, performed using the TRNSYS software (version 17), is validated against intensive field measurements, carried out in the public indoor swimming pool located at Bishop’s University (Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada), of the temperature, velocity, and relative humidity of the air as well as the surface temperature of the walls, ceiling, and floor. The developed code is then used to study the indoor flow patterns and to evaluate the TCO using three indexes: the humidex chart, the predicted mean vote (PMV), and the predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD). The results show a hot-humid rather uncomfortable atmosphere is prevailing in the occupied parts of the studied indoor swimming pool. The calculated airflow rates show that, due to the position of the ventilation inlets and outlets, most of the ventilation air circulates in the upper part of the building causing an insufficient air renewal in the occupied parts of the studied indoor swimming pool.     

Numerical study of thermal characteristics of double skin facade system with middle shade

Architectural shade is an effective method for improving building energy efficiency. A new shade combined with the double skin façade (DSF) system, called middle shade (MS), was introduced and developed for buildings. In this paper, a 3D dynamic simulation was conducted to analyze the influence of MS combined with DSF on the indoor thermal characteristics. The research on MS for DSF involves the temperature, the ventilation rate, the velocity distribution of the air flow duct, and the indoor temperature. The results show that the angle and position of the shade in the three seasons are different, and different conditions effectively enhance the indoor thermal characteristics. In summer, the appearance of MS in DSF makes the indoor temperature significantly lower. The indoor temperature is obviously lower than that of the air flow duct, and the temperature of the air flow duct is less affected by MS. The influence of the position of blinds on indoor temperature and ventilation rate is greater than the influence of the angle of blinds. According to the climate characteristics of winter and transition season, in winter, early spring, and late autumn, the indoor temperature decreases with the increase of the position of blinds at daytime, but the opposite is true at night. The results found in this paper can provide reference for the design and use of MS combined with DSF in hot summer and cold winter zone.     

Large Eddy Simulation of Natural and Mixed Convection Airflow Indoors with Two Simple Filtered Dynamic Subgrid Scale Models

Large eddy simulation (LES) with a dynamic subgrid-scale model (DSM) is a powerful tool to predict indoor airflow. Some DSM models need to average the model coefficient over a homogeneous direction or need to use an additional parameter. The others are too complicated. This study proposes a simple filtered dynamic subgrid-scale model (FDSM) for indoor flow without a homogeneous direction. The predicted air velocity, air temperature, and turbulence distributions agree reasonably well with the experimental data. The results show that the FDSM can be used to simulate indoor airflow.     

被动式太阳房的降温研究

通风的目的是保证室内良好的空气品质,采用自然通风方式是生态建筑设计的重要内容,自然通风形成的室内热环境有利于人体舒适性.太阳能烟囱管能强化房间的自然通风,可以有效地改善室内的空气品质和室内热环境,但尚未达到舒适的温度.     

Airpak软件在气流组织领域的应用

Airpak是用于模拟室内气流组织的CFD专用软件,用于工程领域和科学研究。介绍了Airpak软件的基本特点,并用该软件模拟了某办公室的气流组织和热舒适性,为改善室内热环境提供参考。     

Relationship between indoor thermal comfort conditions and the Time Weighted Preservation Index (TWPI) in three Brazilian archives

There are many factors that affect paper degradation in archives, but air temperature and humidity under inadequate storage conditions are among the most important ones. Such inadequate conditions will trigger biological, chemical and physical processes that may enhance the degradation of papers. On the other hand, users of libraries and archives, where documents are stored, require adequate indoor conditions for carrying out diverse activities. In this paper we analyze the performance of archives with regard to paper and document storage conditions, also given in terms of the Time Weighted Preservation Index (TWPI), against overall comfort conditions, according to ISO 7730 and to the Building Bioclimatic Chart. For that purpose, five different settings were chosen, corresponding to indoor and outdoor conditions of three Brazilian archives, located in diverse climatic regions (Curitiba, 25°25′S 49°16′W, Belo Horizonte, 19°56′S 43°56′W and Rio de Janeiro, 22°50′S 43°10′W). The monitoring period comprehended 12 months, with a mid-term data collection. Results showed that there is a significant difference in storage conditions among different locations, even though there is a similarity in indoor thermal comfort conditions. A compromise solution should be sought between storage conditions and human thermal comfort parameters.