我国可再生能源产业发展前景研究

阐述了我国发展可再生能源的必要性和现实意义，概述了国家对发展可再生能源的立场及支持其发展所实施的宏观政策、对外开放政策、经济政策及一些可再生能源工程；还就我国发展可再生能源的物质基础及其市场需求情况进行了分析，指出可再生能源产业在我国具有良好的发展前景。     

美国可再生能源和节能情况考察

美国和中国的能源生产和消费分别居世界第一位和第二位。借鉴美国在节能和可再生能源方面的经验,对我国调整能源结构、提高能源安全、保护生态环境和实现可持续发展具有重要作用。本文介绍了美国能源开发利用的现状,分析了美国可再生能源和节能政策及这些政策对美国可再生能源和节能产业发展所产生的影响,提出了我国加快可再生能源和节能发展的建议。     

典型国家可再生能源政策演变研究

选取美国、德国、日本和中国作为典型国家,分析这些国家可再生能源政策的演化。分析结果表明：可再生能源政策取向与这些国家应对气候变化的战略密切相关,发展可再生能源已经成为能源低碳转型和应对全球气候变化的重大战略举措;尽管这些国家可再生能源政策各异,但却具有共同的演变规律,可再生能源政策正在从以政府主导的财税价格政策转向市场化政策体系。结合典型国家政策体系和我国可再生能源发展中存在的问题,提出了促进我国可再生能源持续健康发展的政策建议。     

我国可再生能源政策与建议

阐述了我国发展可再生能源的必要性及其重要的现实意义，概述了国家对发展可再生能源的立场及其对支持可再生能源发展所实施的宏观政策、对外开放政策、经济政策及一系列的可再生能源工程，并针对实践中就政策的不足之处提出了完善的建议。     

我国未来可再生能源开发利用的战略思考

本文综合分析了我国可再生能源发展的资源潜力、技术水平、当前存在的主要障碍。我国可再生能源资源潜力大,在未来的能源供应中可以形成举足轻重的地位;我国的可再生能源技术发展有了一定的水平,产业初具规模,具备大规模发展的基础,处于商业化发展的前期阶段。在障碍分析和国际经验分析的基础上,本文指出可再生能源立法是促进可再生能源发展的有效手段之一,并提出了我国可再生能源立法的目标和方向。     

我国可再生能源发展模式分析及其建议

阐述了我国发展可再生能源的现实意义 ,介绍了国家对开发利用可再生能源的政策导向 ,通过对诸多因素的分析总结出我国可再生能源发展的总体模式。为了更快更好地促进我国可再生能源的发展 ,最后提出了与之有关的发展建议     

中国农村可再生能源发展地区特点分析及政策建议

分析了中国不同类型农村地区的经济发展与能源消费的特点,以及不同可再生能源技术的发展趋势,揭示了影响农村可再生能源发展的资源、经济、环境和政策等影响因素,提出了在我国发展农村可再生能源的政策建议.     

世界典型国家可再生能源政策比较分析及对我国的启示

本文回顾了美国、加拿大、德国、英国、丹麦、日本、巴西、印度和中国等典型国家的可再生能源发展历程,系统地介绍了这些国家的可再生能源激励政策,比较分析了各国政策的实施经验,以期为我国可再生能源政策的进一步完善提供决策参考。     

欧盟可再生能源发展的新政策及对我国的启示

欧洲的可再生能源发展取得了很大的成就,并建立了有效的支持可再生能源发展的政策体系和框架,是世界可再生能源发展的领先者.文章介绍了欧盟在2007年1月提出的可再生能源发展的新的政策目标以及近期采取的新行动,并提出借鉴欧洲经验,支持我国可再生能源发展的行动建议.     

可再生能源强制性市场份额政策初步研究

历经近二十年的发展,目前我国新能源与可再生能源已进入快速发展阶段."十五"和"十一五"期间,可再生能源能否为改善我国能源结构做出贡献,形成具有竞争力的产业,关键取决于政府制订的发展目标和相应的鼓励政策.     

The requirement and utilization of renewable energy technologies in Chinese rural areas

The tendency of using commercial fossil energy, especially high-quality energy, will increase rapidly along with the rural economic development in China. However, energy consumption for household use in most rural areas still relies on firewood or straw, except the urban suburb. The application and development of renewable energy has been and should play an important role in China. In order to integrate and adapt renewable energy technologies, we need to carefully study the specific economic and social conditions of the rural economic development.     

International cooperation on renewable energy development in China – A critical analysis

The past decades have witnessed the rapid growth of foreign participation in the renewable energy development in China. This is a result of massive energy demand and the Government’s strategy to shadow the role of traditional fossil fuel in the energy mix. This paper critically reviewed the international cooperation in the field of renewable energy with various partners in the new century. The cooperation pattern varies from partner to partner. The results showed that China has benefited from the international cooperation on renewable energy such as accessing to finance and advanced technologies, developing human resources related to renewable energy, and enhancing related policy framework. Major issues associated with the international cooperation are discussed as well.     

The achievement,significance and future prospect of China's renewable energy initiative

China's high-speed economic growth and ambitious urbanization depend heavily on the massive consumption of fossil fuel. However, the over-dependence on the depleting fossil fuels causes severe environmental problems, making China the largest energy consumer and the biggest CO₂ emitter in the world. Faced with significant challenges in terms of managing its environment and moving forward with the concept of sustainable economic development, the Chinese government plans to move away from fossil fuels and rely on renewables such as hydropower, wind power, solar power, biomass power and nuclear power. In this paper, the current status of China's renewable energy deployment and the ongoing development projects are summarized and discussed. Most recent developments of major renewable energy sources are clearly reviewed. Additionally, the renewable energy development policies including laws and regulations, economic encouragement, technical research and development are also summarized. This study showcases China's achievements in exploiting its abundant domestic renewable energy sources to meet the future energy demand and reducing carbon emissions. To move toward a low carbon society, technological progress and policy improvements are needed for improving grid access (wind), securing nuclear fuel supplies and managing safety protocols (nuclear), integrating supply chains to achieve indigenous manufacture of technologies across supply chains (solar). Beyond that, a preliminary prediction of the development of China's future renewable energy developments, and proposes targeted countermeasures and suggestions are proposed. The proposal involves developing smart-grid system, investing on renewable energy research, improving the feed-in tariff system and clarifying the subsidy system.     

Negative carbon intensity of renewable energy technologies involving biomass or carbon dioxide as inputs

Conventional fossil fuel-based energy technologies can achieve efficiency in energy conversion but they are usually completely inefficient in carbon conversion because they generate significant CO₂ emissions to the atmosphere per unit energy converted. In contrast, some renewable energy technologies characterized by negative carbon intensity can simultaneously achieve efficiency in the conversion of energy and in the conversion of carbon. These carbon negative renewable energy technologies can generate useful energy and remove CO₂ from the atmosphere, either by direct capture and recycling of atmospheric CO₂ or indirectly, by involving biofuels. Interestingly, the deployment of carbon negative renewable energy technologies can offset carbon emissions from conventional fossil fuel-based energy technologies and thus reduce the overall carbon intensity of energy systems.The current review analyzes two groups of renewable energy technologies involving biomass or CO₂ as inputs. The discussions focus on useful techniques which enable to achieve negative carbon intensity of energy while being technologically promising in near-term as well as cost-effective. These analyzes include advanced carbon sequestration concepts such as soil carbon sequestration and CO₂ recycling to useful C-rich products such as fuels and fertilizers. The 'drop-in' of renewable energy is achieved by allowing bioenergy and renewable energies in the form of renewable electricity, renewable thermal energy, solar energy, renewable hydrogen, etc. The carbon negative renewable energy technologies are analyzed and perspectives and constraints of each technology are expounded.     

Renewable energy resources and technologies applicable to Ireland

The energy consumed in Ireland is primarily achieved by the combustion of fossil fuels. Ireland's only indigenous fossil fuel is peat; all other fossil fuels are imported. As fossil fuels continually become more expensive, their use as an energy source also has a negative impact on the environment. Ireland's energy consumption can be separated into three divisions: transportation, electricity generation and heat energy. Ireland however has a vast range of high quality renewable energy resources. Ireland has set a target that 33% of its electricity will be generated from renewable sources by 2020 [I. Government. Delivering a Sustainable Energy Future for Ireland; 2007.]. The use of biomass, wind and ocean energy technologies is expected to play a major part in meeting this target. The use of renewable energy technologies will assist sustainable development as well as being a solution to several energy related environmental problems. This paper presents the current state of renewable energy technologies and potential resources available in Ireland. Considering Ireland's present energy state, a future energy mix is proposed.     

Renewable energy policy in Turkey with the new legal regulations

Since the energy crises in the 1970’s, public and private decision makers are considering how to achieve a sustainable transition from fossil fuel based energy to sustainable and clean energies - namely renewable energies. Combined with the improvement of energy efficiency and the rational use of energy, renewable energy can provide everything fossil fuels currently offer in terms of heating and cooling, electricity generation and transportation. Renewable energy technologies posses many long term benefits including energy security, job creation, business opportunities, sustainable development and prevention of global warming.Turkey’s population is growing at an annual rate of 1.04%. If Turkey uses only traditional energy sources, it simply will not have enough energy capacity for its population. Renewable energy sources have the potential to make a large contribution to Turkey’s sustainable and independent energy future.Turkey aims to utilize its energy potential, including from renewable sources in a cost-effective manner. Turkey targets the share of renewable resources in electricity generation to be at least 30% by 2023 has in its 2009 Electricity Market and Security of Supply Strategy. Positive achievements have been obtained in renewable energy development and manufacturing in Turkey over the past decade. The renewable energy related legislation has been intensified. To meet its 30% target, the current promotion mechanism for renewable sources of electricity relies on feed-in tariffs for different renewable energy sources. Large hydropower is already competitive to conventional fossil-based electricity, so feed-in tariffs in the new RE Law are set to facilitate expanding the deployment of other, less mature renewable energy technologies.     

Renewable energy strategies for sustainable development

This paper discusses the perspective of renewable energy (wind, solar, wave and biomass) in the making of strategies for a sustainable development. Such strategies typically involve three major technological changes: energy savings on the demand side, efficiency improvements in the energy production, and replacement of fossil fuels by various sources of renewable energy. Consequently, large-scale renewable energy implementation plans must include strategies for integrating renewable sources in coherent energy systems influenced by energy savings and efficiency measures. Based on the case of Denmark, this paper discusses the problems and perspectives of converting present energy systems into a 100% renewable energy system. The conclusion is that such development is possible. The necessary renewable energy sources are present, and if further technological improvements of the energy system are achieved the renewable energy system can be created. Especially technologies of converting the transportation sector and the introduction of flexible energy system technologies are crucial.     

Renewable energy market conditions and barriers in Turkey

Decentralized wind, hydropower, biogas and biomass, geothermal, solar thermal and solar electricity energy systems are the most commonly found renewable energy technologies promoted for rural energy supply within sustainable developments programs. They are, therefore, seen to have a central place in the practice of sustainable development and in allowing less development countries to bypass the environmentally damaging fossil fuel intensive paths made by industrialized countries. On the political front, many less development countries are critical of pressure on them to adopt environmental energy technologies.Turkey is situated the meeting point of three continents (Asia, Europe and Africa) and stands as a bridge between Asia and Europe. The country is located in southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia. As Turkey’s economy has expanded in recent years, the consumption of primary energy has increased. Presently in order to increase the energy production from domestic energy resources, decrease the use of fossil fuels as well as reduce of green house gas emissions different renewable energy sources are used for energy production in Turkey. The share of energy production from renewable energy sources has increased during the last 10 years. Turkey must import most of the energy to meet her needs. Turkey also has a large potential for renewable energies. The lack of knowledge about renewable energy technologies by most policy-makers, potential consumers, and energy firm managers has played against renewable energy developments. The paper presents renewable energy used in Turkey and Europe Union and evaluation of the market conditions and barriers of renewable energy use in Turkey.     

Review and comparison of various hydrogen production methods based on costs and life cycle impact assessment indicators

Hydrogen is a clean, renewable secondary energy source. The development of hydrogen energy is a common goal pursued by many countries to combat the current global warming trend. This paper provides an overview of various technologies for hydrogen production from renewable and non-renewable resources, including fossil fuel or biomass-based hydrogen production, microbial hydrogen production, electrolysis and thermolysis of water and thermochemical cycles. The current status of development, recent advances and challenges of different hydrogen production technologies are also reviewed. Finally, we compared different hydrogen production methods in terms of cost and life cycle environmental impact assessment. The current mainstream approach is to obtain hydrogen from natural gas and coal, although their environmental impact is significant. Electrolysis and thermochemical cycle methods coupled with new energy sources show considerable potential for development in terms of economics and environmental friendliness.