氢储能用于核电调峰经济性研究

目的 以光伏、风电为代表的可再生能源装机占比的提高和煤电比例的不断降低使得电网对于优质调节资源的需求不断增加,也给核电调峰带来新的压力。通过系统升级改善核电调峰能力,从而提高核燃料利用效率、系统安全性和经济性是亟待解决的重点问题。 方法 调研了氢能的制备、储运及利用现状,探究了适合用于核电调峰的氢储能技术路线,并以某核电站现有运行情况为例,分析了不同氢能利用技术路线的经济效益。 结果 利用富余核电制氢能够提高核电利用效率,并具有较好的经济效益应用潜力。 结论 随着技术的进步和设备成本的降低,利用富余核电开展氢气制备,不仅能够提高核电机组的利用效率获得更好的经济效益,还有助于氢能产业的发展。作为高能量密度的绿色能源,氢能在节能减排中起到极为重要的作用,将助力碳中和目标的实现。     

储能系统协同常规机组调峰控制策略研究

大规模风电并网会引起电力系统调峰能力不足,造成火电机组频繁启停或弃风。文章利用电池储能充放电灵活、可补充常规机组调峰能力不足的特性,提出了AGC机组、NON-AGC机组与储能系统间的协调控制策略。该策略引入了改进调度时间级,实现储能与常规机组时间协调配合;以AGC机组与NON-AGC机组的协调机制为基础,建立了AGC机组向NON-AGC机组与电池储能的转移功率模型。根据前一时刻机组的输出功率,计算出机组的调节余量实现电池储能参与系统调峰。实际系统算例分析结果表明,所提控制策略的可行性和有效性。     

电池储能装置用于调峰、节能和缓解缺电

<正> 当前我国电力供应十分紧张,影响了国民经济的发展及城乡居民的生活;另一方面由于电力系统存在日供电负荷的峰谷差,即使是缺电地区供电低谷时也有余剩电力难以处理。例如湖北电网1988年峰谷差最大达110万千瓦,最少时仅有30多万千瓦,全年大多数时间为60—70万千瓦。由于我国过去建设的电网很少考虑调峰问题,很多水电站缺少日调节能力(特别是丰水季),而火电机组基本上是非调峰机组,不能带低负荷(一般带负荷60％以上),致使目前高峰负荷时缺电,低谷负荷时剩电的问题已成为全国电力系统普遍感到苦恼而又难以解决的一桩大事。解决此问题已有的措施是:一、加装一定数量的诃峰机组(可带40％的低负荷)增大电力系统储备容量;二、建设抽水蓄能电站。以上两种措施我国某些地区已有采用,但目前我国财力有限,大量增装调峰机组是难以实现的;至于抽水蓄能电站的建设不但要有合适的库址(高水头、大库容、近水源、小工量),而且建设费用高、时间长,运行费     

基于双时间尺度净负荷预测的储能调峰控制策略

在将风电和负荷作为一个整体的前提下,该文提出一种基于日前和超短期滚动双时间尺度净负荷预测的储能调峰策略.该策略在日前规划阶段,基于日前功率预测以常规调峰机组出力最小为目标优化储能充放电序列,并建立调峰后联络线功率区间;在滚动调节优化阶段,提出一种基于VMD-SaE-ELM的净负荷超短期预测方法,并基于超短期净负荷的预测...     

考虑调峰调频双重约束的储能规划方法研究

 在新型电力系统的构建进程中,新能源将保持高速发展态势。风、光等新能源大规模并网,其出力的随机性和波动性将给电力系统安全经济运行带来挑战。新型储能由于其具备快速的响应能力和削峰填谷的功效,再加上成本的逐步下降,未来将是电力系统不可或缺的灵活调节资源。  储能容量规划是电力系统全局性问题,通过分析新能源消纳率和调频充裕度,从系统调峰和调频两个方面,以系统总成本最低为目标提出了省级电网储能规模分析方法。  文章以省级电网实际参数为例,采用时序生产模拟软件分析了电源开机方式,对比了不同储能规模对全社会经济性的影响。  结果表明,合适的储能规模可在提高新能源消纳的同时降低全社会成本,该方法的有效性得到了验证,可为实际应用提供指导。     

天然气发电与电池储能调峰政策及经济性对比

构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统,意味着风电和光伏将成为未来电力系统的主体.新能源发电固有的随机性、间歇性、波动性使调峰问题日益突出.燃气电站和电化学储能由于可调范围大、响应速度快,未来有望成为重要的调峰资源.首先,梳理了各省天然气发电调峰、储能调峰相关政策和市场规则,从准入门槛、参与方式、申报价格等方面进行了对比分析;然后,基于平准化电力成本(LCOE)概念,详细分析了包含初始投资、运维检修、燃料成本在内的天然气发电调峰电站、储能电站成本构成;最后,以某省为例,对比燃气发电调峰和储能调峰经济性,定量分析了初始投资、利用小时数、燃料/充电成本等因素对平准化电力成本的影响.通过对比得出,随着成本的不断下降,未来在短时调峰方面,电池储能将比燃气发电调峰更有竞争力.     

多类型储能参与的调峰模型及其优化调度策略

为了实现“碳达峰”和“碳中和”战略目标,中国电网将逐步建设成为一个以新能源为主、多类型电源共存的绿色智慧电网。然而,传统常规电源有限的调峰能力难以满足未来电力系统接入高比例新能源后的调峰需求,制约了新能源的消纳能力,并降低了系统运行的安全性与经济性。因此,需要构建抽水蓄能、电化学储能、电动汽车(electric vehicle, EV)虚拟储能等多类型储能模型,并结合某省级电力系统4种典型场景和极端场景,在现有储能调峰辅助服务补偿机制基础上提出站在调度机构角度下的最优调峰效益模型。通过对某省级电网历史数据进行仿真验证,证明该模型在减少火电机组频繁启停、提升调峰经济性方面发挥着积极作用,促进未来新型电力系统的经济性和安全性运行。     

独立或共享租赁模式下储能电站调峰的经济性分析

2021年,中国多个省市发布政策要求光伏发电项目需配置一定比例的储能,储能配置比例为10%～20%,配置时长在1～4 h之间。储能的配置方式既可以是与光伏发电系统配套设置,也可以是由独立或共享租赁模式的储能电站进行储能。针对中国各地区采用电化学储能的独立储能及共享租赁储能电站调峰的政策进行分析,并对储能电站投资关键边界条件(比如：调峰补贴、调峰保障小时数、租赁价格、储能成本等)变化对项目内部收益率的影响进行定量测算和分析。分析结果显示：共享租赁储能电站在采用租赁叠加调峰补贴方式后已具备投资价值,而独立储能电站仅依靠调峰补贴暂不具备投资价值。     

西北电网储能独立参与电网调峰的模拟分析

为了促进电储能积极参与电网调峰,在调峰辅助服务市场向电储能放开的背景下,梳理了储能独立参与电网调峰的交易模式,模拟分析了储能独立参与调峰市场情景下的调度运行情况和市场收益情况.以从电网吸收的电量越多,储能的报价越高为原则,制定了储能参与调峰市场的分段报价策略,结合储能充放电行为预测,构建了储能参与调峰市场的申报模型.根...     

储能技术及其在电力系统中的应用与发展

针对目前储能技术,介绍了储能技术的定义及分类方式,详尽阐述了储能技术在电力系统中的应用,同时基于我国电力系统现状,对相应储能技术的发展进行了重点研究。储能技术作为一类充满前景的节能方式,在未来电力工业发展进程中将起到重要作用。     

Hydrogen economy for a sustainable development: state-of-the-art and technological perspectives

Sustainable energy is becoming of increasing concern world-wide. The rapid growth of global climate changes along with the fear of energy supply shortage is creating a large consensus about the potential benefits of a hydrogen economy coming from renewable energy sources. The interesting perspectives are over-shadowed by uncertainties about the development of key technologies, such as renewable energy sources, advanced production processes, fuel cells, metal hydrides, nanostructures, standards and codes, and so on. The availability of critical technologies can create a base for the start of the hydrogen economy, as a fuel and energy carrier alternative to the current fossil resources. This paper will explore the rationale for such a revolution in the energy sector, will describe the state-of-the-art of major related technologies (fuel cell, storage systems, fuel cell vehicles) and current niche applications, and will sketch scientific and technological challenges and recommendations for research and development (R&D) initiatives to accelerate the pace for the widespread introduction of a hydrogen economy.     

Influence of secondary source technologies and energy management strategies on Energy Storage System sizing for fuel cell electric vehicles

Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) have some limitation which make them less competitor to thermal ones and delay their commercialization. The most important problems as the range, the durability and the cost depend directly on the energy storage problematic issues. In this context, this work presents an optimal sizing methodology for an Energy Storage System (ESS) composed by a fuel cell and an assistant source to supply a lightweight vehicle with 700 km driving range. Firstly, a comparative study between single and hybrid source is carried out to show the benefits of hybridization according to the range in terms of weight, cost and fuel consumption. Moreover, in order to improve the hybrid source characteristics, three technologies of the secondary source are tested and evaluated to be chosen for hybridization with fuel cell system purposes. Furthermore, the influence of three Energy Management Strategies (EMSs) on ESS sizing is studied where an optimal strategy provides the most favorable dimensions of the hybrid system. Simulation results give us the best technology needed for hybridization and allow us adopting the optimal management strategy to design the hybrid source. Finally, in order to show the influence of the driving cycles on the ESS design, a comparison study using the New European Driving Cycle “NEDC” and the Assessment and Reliability of Transport Emission Models Inventory Systems (ARTEMIS) confirms that there is a slow influence of the driving cycle on the ESS sizes.     

清原抽水蓄能电站地下厂房岩锚梁开挖施工技术研究

清原抽水蓄能电站岩锚梁岩台爆破开挖是地下厂房最为关键且难度最大的环节,为确保岩锚梁开挖成型质量,在开挖过程中采用精细化分区、岩台技术超挖、岩锚梁下拐点预加固、岩台临时支护等措施,确保岩锚梁开挖面不平整度、残留炮孔半孔率、断面超欠挖均满足规范要求,岩锚梁开挖质量达到预期效果,其成果为国内大跨度地下厂房岩锚梁开挖施工提供了...     

Efficiency of poly-generating high temperature fuel cells

High temperature fuel cells can be designed and operated to poly-generate electricity, heat, and useful chemicals (e.g., hydrogen) in a variety of configurations. The highly integrated and synergistic nature of poly-generating high temperature fuel cells, however, precludes a simple definition of efficiency for analysis and comparison of performance to traditional methods. There is a need to develop and define a methodology to calculate each of the co-product efficiencies that is useful for comparative analyses. Methodologies for calculating poly-generation efficiencies are defined and discussed. The methodologies are applied to analysis of a Hydrogen Energy Station (H₂ES) showing that high conversion efficiency can be achieved for poly-generation of electricity and hydrogen.     

蒲石河电站地下厂房排水降渗安全运行分析

为将渗漏水控制在主副厂房等洞室外,蒲石河抽水蓄能电站地下厂房采用外围排水及内部排水两套排水体系,但在电站竣工后,地下厂房和周边的排水廊道一直存在渗水现象,部分区域渗水量较大。为此,结合目前的堵排防渗结构,研究了渗漏水的变化特点,并通过环境量同位素检测方法查找渗水来源,分析评价了在现渗流场下洞室围岩的外水压力和变形情况。结果表明,防渗排水结构设计合理,在阻截渗漏水、降低渗透压力上效果明显,厂房洞室在现有渗流场下能安全运行。     

Storage and separation of hydrogen with the metal steam process

The chemical reaction of metals and metal oxides with steam at elevated temperatures produces pure hydrogen. Therefore certain metals can be used as gas purification and hydrogen storage material. Storage and transport of metals are basic operations, free from safety issues and hydrogen is produced on demand whenever it is needed by passing steam over the solid reactant.     

龙羊峡水电厂调峰情况及改进意见

龙羊峡水电厂的建成，使西北电网除增加可观的电量外，还增加了百万千瓦的调峰能力，提高了电网的安全可靠性，而且也为其他水火电厂提高经济效益创造了良好条件，但在龙羊峡水电厂承担调峰任务方面也存在一些问题。本文详细介绍了龙羊峡水电厂调峰情况，并指出了存在的问题及改进意见。     

Hydrogen adsorption on graphene foam synthesized by combustion of sodium ethoxide

Hydrogen storage is a crucial technology for the realization of a carbon-neutral society. However, few materials have been able to approach useful hydrogen storage capacity at reasonable temperatures and pressures. Graphene has an extremely high surface-area-to-weight ratio, is strong, cheap, chemically inert, and environmentally benign. As such it may be an ideal substrate for hydrogen storage. Here we present synthesis of graphene foam by combustion of sodium ethoxide. This technique is low-cost, scalable, and results in a three-dimensional graphene network with a surface area of more than 1200 m²/g. It is applied as a hydrogen storage material at liquid nitrogen temperature, with a capacity of 2.1 wt%.     

新能源发电工程储能系统容量/功率优化配置

新能源风、光发电工程中配置一定容量的储能系统,可以显著提高新能源发电的消纳水平。储能系统的容量/功率的优化配置可最大程度提高储能系统利用效率和经济性,同时将新能源风电、光伏的弃电率降低到设定的目标值。提出以全生命周期内储能系统净现值最大为目标,综合考虑储能系统全生命周期内投资、运维成本、购电成本、售电收入、充放电效率、荷电状态、储能电池寿命、弃电率等多种因素的储能系统容量/功率优化配置方法,并以青海某工程1 030 MW光伏阵列和250 MW风电场的运行数据为例,计算得到该新能源风电、光伏发电工程中净现值最大的储能系统容量/功率配置,使整个储能系统获得最优的经济性。