校园智能路灯控制系统设计

智能路灯控制系统拟解决由于路灯分散的控制方式和日常的维护滞后所造成的路灯无法统一开启/关闭时间,设备维护不及时等问题。本文以智能路灯控制系统建设的必要性,系统设计的原则和目标,结合校内实际情况,设计优化路灯控制系统的逻辑和结构。通过路灯系统的硬件改造,控制系统界面的设计,形成智能路灯控制系统的整体设计。最后,通过实际使用验证,使智能路灯控制系统,实现实时观察校园各处的路灯照明情况,实现实时对路灯的启闭时间进行统一调整,在节约路灯电费开支的同时,能及时发现和维护损坏的路灯,全面提高日常管理效率,为创建智慧校园打下基础。     

智能路灯控制系统

设计并制作一种智能路灯控制系统。在设定的夜间工作时间段内,有无车辆经过时,接收器接收到的光信号强弱发生变化,交由单片机处理,自动控制部分路灯的开闭。设计的控制系统在夜间能有效实现路灯作业控制的智能化,有利于社会的节能减排,具有重要的实用价值。     

偏远农村风光互补路灯控制系统设计

本文介绍了风光互补路灯控制系统的设计,并对系统中光伏发电MPPT控制、风力发电控制和蓄电池充放电管理部分的工作原理与特性做出了详细的分析与探讨,确定了风光互补路灯控制系统总体方案。     

城市道路照明系统节能控制方法的实现

介绍了基于LCU、LCM、RTU控制器和扩频电力载波通讯技术并嵌入经纬度和照度调整率计算的智能照明控制系统数学模型,使路灯输入电功率与实际照度要求达到最佳匹配.将Web技术和路灯远程控制管理结合起来,实现了路灯远程、实时、直观的监测控制和分析.     

基于STC15W408AD单片机的智能高压气体灯单灯控制系统的设计

设计了一种以STC15W408单片机为主控制器,以SENS-00为单灯通信载波传输模块,配以有载调压电路驱动模块、电流电压采样模块的小型单灯控制器;并在此基础上,给出了单灯节能控制系统的软件设计方案,实现了单盏路灯的远程或就地实时调压节电、故障灯源排查及远程或就地开合路灯三大功能。实际应用表明,该系统结构可靠、运行稳定,配合有载调压控制电路使用,节能效果明显。     

智能数字节能系统在闵行经济技术开发区路灯系统上的应用

采用PWM智能数字节能控制装置节能对闵行开发区内的路灯控制系统进行节能改造,在满足夜间不同时段合理照明要求的前提下实现节能效果显著,而且安装简单维护方便.     

风光互补路灯控制系统的设计

对风光互补路灯的使用特性进行了分析;对现有各种风光互补路灯控制系统所存在的问题进行了探讨和研究;提出了一种新的风光互补控制方法——逐步刹车保护法.逐步刹车保护法能很好的解决目前现有系统出现的刹车故障问题,提高了风光互补系统的可靠性.     

荷兰发明太阳能“花瓣”路灯

最近,荷兰皇家菲利普电子公司在太阳能发光二极管路灯的设计制作上有了新的突破。受到花朵如何在阳光下开放以收集太阳能量的启发,该公司研究人员推出了"可持续城市之光"路灯。该路灯新款奇特,光伏"花瓣"能在白天收集太阳光,然后转化成电能。     

新型多曲面路灯反射器设计与仿真研究

本文设计了一种新型的多曲面路灯反射器,运用软件AUTOCAD生成多曲面路灯反射器,然后运用最优化理论和光学软件Tracepro进行模拟仿真,得到优化的多曲面路灯反射器.多曲面路灯反射器的光场分布合理,光能利用充分,节约能源,有传统路灯反射器无法比拟的优点.     

太阳跟踪装置的双模式控制系统

介绍了用于太阳跟踪装置控制系统中的两种控制模式结构、组成和工作原理。对该模式进行适当设置,即可用于太阳能热水器、太阳能屋顶发电、太阳能干燥器、太阳能电池、太阳灶、太阳能空调、太阳能路灯等各种太阳跟踪装置中,实现双模式控制。双模式控制系统具有较强的通用性和适应性。     

Restriction techniques for the unit-commitment problem with total procurement costs

Many discrete optimization problems may be solved much easier, if the solution space can be restricted in a convenient way. For a given specific problem, the restriction techniques can be helpful if an available optimization solver, perceived as a black box, is capable of solving quickly only reduced subproblems of a limited size. For the family of hard unit-commitment problems we investigate a hierarchical search algorithm, which is based on decomposition of the problem into two subproblems. The upper-level subproblem is a relatively small decision “kernel” of the problem that can be solved approximately by a search algorithm. We define an appropriate restricted decision space for this subproblem. The lower-level subproblem is an appropriate restriction of the original problem that can be solved efficiently by a dedicated solver. Our approach was analyzed on a set of historical data from the Polish electrical balancing market and the best known solutions were improved by the average of about 2–5%.     

The circular cylindrical reflector: Application to a shallow solar pond electricity generating system

The circular cylindrical reflector is shown to be a means of effectively tilting a solar energy collecting plane. This is particularly useful for swimming pools and solar ponds with free water surfaces that cannot be tilted. Such reflectors are applied to an electricity generating system which is driven by shallow solar ponds at a 40° lat. Thereby the annual electrical energy production can be increased by 40 per cent, to a large extent power production can be leveled on an annual basis, and the turbine inlet temperature can be maintained at a constant level through the year.     

Desalination using solar energy: Towards sustainability

This paper describes the theoretical rationale for a new low temperature phase-change desalination process, and six examples of applications to illustrate how this process can be engineered for sustainable desalination. In this process, brackish water is evaporated at near-ambient temperatures under near-vacuum pressures created by the barometric head without any mechanical energy input. Thermodynamic advantages and benefits of low temperature phase-change desalination are discussed and results from simulation studies and a prototype test system are presented. Three of the examples illustrate how the proposed process can be driven by solar energy: a) utilizing direct solar energy; b) inclusion of an external reflector; c) utilizing photovoltaic energy during non-sunlight hours. The other examples illustrate how the proposed process can be driven by waste heat: i) waste heat rejected by an absorption refrigeration unit driven by grid power; ii) waste heat rejected by an absorption refrigeration unit driven by solar collectors; and iii) waste heat rejected by an absorption refrigeration unit supported by a photovoltaic array. Merits of utilizing solar energy and process waste heat in reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions are discussed in detail.     

In-situ heat generation measurement of the anode and cathode in a single-layer lithium ion battery cell

Considering that the anode and cathode in batteries have different heat generation behaviors and that there is almost no technique for measuring the heat generation of the anode and cathode under nondestructive conditions, we proposed a novel in-situ nondestructive temperature measurement technique for acquiring the heat generated by the anode and cathode. To this end, a Swagelok Li-ion battery cell is designed to visualize the temperature of the anode and cathode by using an infrared camera. Compared with the anode's heat generation, the cathode generates more heat at a 0.5 C current. The reversible heat generation of the electrode has an exothermic effect, which could be transformed into an endothermic effect within 0% to 100% depth of discharge (DoD). The irreversible heat generation always has an exothermic effect and decreases during the delithiation process. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is likely that variations in the heat generated by the anode and cathode can be measured by using the proposed nondestructive method. Finally, it is meaningful that the effects of the anode/cathode chemistry and other factors such as C-rate and temperature on the local heat generation will be investigated in future works.     

Photochemical fuel formation via 360 nm irradiation of acidic Eu+2 solutions

The circular cylindrical reflector is shown to be a means of effectively tilting a solar energy collecting plane. This is particularly useful for swimming pools and solar ponds with free water surfaces that cannot be tilted. Such reflectors are applied to an electricity generating system which is driven by shallow solar ponds at a 40° lat. Thereby the annual electrical energy production can be increased by 40 per cent, to a large extent power production can be leveled on an annual basis, and the turbine inlet temperature can be maintained at a constant level through the year.     

不同油膜力模型下转子椭圆轴承系统的动力学分析

1引言滑动轴承的非线性油膜力模型是转子-轴承系统非线性动力学分析和研究的关键问题。滑动轴承的油膜力具有强烈的非线性特性,研究转子-椭圆轴承系统的非线性动力学问题关键在于获得椭圆轴承的油膜力模型。其中椭圆轴承的非线性油膜力的计算精度和计算速度将直接影响到转子-轴     

Control of Body Motion in an Ideal Fluid Using the Internal Mass and the Rotor in the Presence of Circulation Around the Body

In this paper, we study the controlled motion of an arbitrary two-dimensional body in an ideal fluid with a moving internal mass and an internal rotor in the presence of constant circulation around the body. We show that by changing the position of the internal mass and by rotating the rotor, the body can be made to move to a given point and discuss the influence of nonzero circulation on the motion control. We have found that in the presence of circulation around the body the system cannot be completely stabilized at an arbitrary point of space, but fairly simple controls can be constructed to ensure that the body moves near the given point.     

The simple economics of motor vehicle pollution: A case for fuel tax

The volume of pollution produced by an automobile is determined by driver's behavior along three margins: (i) vehicle selection, (ii) kilometers driven, and (iii) on-road fuel economy. The first two margins have been studied extensively, however the third has received scant attention. How significant is this ‘intensive margin’? What would be the optimal policies when it is taken into account? The paper develops and analyzes a simple model of the technical and behavioral mechanisms that determine the volume emissions produced by a car. The results show that an optimal fuel tax would provide drivers with appropriate incentives along all three margins and that only public information is needed for a fuel tax to be set optimally. In contrast, an optimal distance tax would require private information. Lastly, relative to the optimal fuel tax, a simple uniform fuel tax is shown to be progressive. Thus, being already deployed worldwide, a uniform fuel tax is an attractive second-best policy. These findings should be accounted for when designing new mechanisms to alleviate motor vehicle pollution.     

石灰石_石膏湿法烟气脱硫过程的试验研究

利用所建立的并流有序降膜式湿法脱硫装置,对石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫过程进行了试验研究。试验结果表明:沿烟气行程上,脱硫率上升趋势逐步减弱,脱硫率较高时,再提高脱硫率,吸收段高度或液气比要大幅增加,火电厂机组在确定脱硫系统脱硫率时,应有适当选择;脱硫浆液pH值下降,且在吸收塔入口至0.5 m范围内,浆液pH值下降迅速,而后下降变缓;浆液中石灰石含量下降趋势逐步增强;同时浆液中Ca2 、六价硫S6 及四价硫S4 浓度均增加,Ca2 、S6 浓度增加使得石膏过饱和度有所增加。     

Integration mechanism for a parallel hybrid vehicle system

The parallel hybrid-vehicle system discussed here features two mechanisms: an internal-combustion-engine energy-distribution mechanism and dual energy-integration mechanism. The former comprises a first pulley set and a second pulley set, whereby it is possible to adjust its radius ratio and change the road surface oriented output load, output speed and required load, to maintain an optimal operating state for the internal-combustion engine at a given generator rotational speed. In this way, the engine can be maintained in an optimal state. For the dual energy-integration mechanism, any power source can be individually actuated by an electric motor and the power transmitted from the internal-combustion engine energy-distribution mechanism. Moreover, a one-way clutch can prevent the actuated power source from reversion, so any output power source will not be affected by another inactive power source. Also, the two input power-sources can be integrated into a bigger power source via a dual energy-integration mechanism, thus resulting in twice the output energy and obtaining the necessary tractive power to reach the road surface. A dynamic equation is therefore derived for this system to obtain the flow direction of the power source. Furthermore, dynamic equations of various system components can be established by modularized software Matlab/simulink and fuzzy logic are used to control and develop this system’s dual energy-integration mechanism as a control strategy. After the engine’s energy is distributed by the controller of the dual energy-integration mechanism, decelerated by the reduction ratio of the first pulley set of internal combustion engine distribution mechanism and added to the generator torque energy transmitted from second pulley set, the engine can maintain an optimum state under various operating conditions.