我国与国际上非化石能源发电的能量折算方法比较分析

本文对IEA、EIA、BP和联合国等主要能源统计机构的非化石能源发电统计体系进行了分析,比较了各机构非化石能源电力能量折算方法中存在的主要差异,总结了不同方法对非化石能源电力消费统计结果的影响。     

世界能源及其分布状况

本文将根据BP Amoco石油公司2000年发布的世界能源统计报告,按不同的能源类型,从储量、产量和消费量三方面对目前世界能源现状作一简单介绍.据此读者可以了解世界能源储量、产量及消费量的概貌及中国能源在世界的地位.值得注意的是,因为资料来源不同或统计口径不同,这里的统计结果可能与其它统计结果不尽一致.     

加强能源计量管理夯实能源统计基础

分析了能源统计现状、能源统计中存在的问题,从明确能源计量管理目标和方向,完善能源计量制度,完善能源计量器材配置工作,搭建创新技术平台促进能源计量管理工作的深层次开展,完善能源统计方法,以计量数据为依托做好用能考核工作,提升相关人员的素养等多方面分析了加强能源计量管理,夯实能源统计基础的策略,促进能源统计工作的发展。     

蒙牛建成全球最大畜禽类沼气发电厂

全球最大的畜禽沼气发电厂正式投入运行。联合国开发计划署项目官员在向蒙牛颁发了“加速中国可再生能源商业化能力建设项目大型沼气发电技术推广示范工程”的挂牌后表示,“蒙牛沼气发电项目是中国乳品行业首个畜禽类粪便处理综合项目,具有‘很强的示范价值’与‘经济利有价值’”,“该项目不仅为中国乳品行业的可持续发展作出卓越贡献,也是世界养殖产业可再生能源利用的标志性项目。”     

能源统计中不同类型能源核算方法的探讨

基于目前我国在能耗统计中广泛采用的发热煤耗计算法和电热当量计算法不能反映不同能源品位的差异,而且在水电、核电的折算、能源转换系统的评价等方面存在诸多矛盾,本文提出将能源的“质”“量”结合一起考虑的等效电的统计方法,不仅将解决现有统计方法的诸多矛盾,而且在能耗统计方面更加科学合理。     

企业能源统计的现状与分析

介绍了企业能源统计的现状,阐明企业能源统计是企业和政府进行节能管理的重要手段,能源统计是能源管理的基础.强调通过完善企业的能源统计管理工作,建立能源数据中心及能源信息化对当前的节能工作具有重要意义.     

中低温能源在中国

推动中低温能源的规模化应用是中国重构能源供给格局、实现清洁、低碳与可持续发展的有效途径.然而,目前中国中低温能源尚无完善的统计和明确的专项能源规划,其开发利用情况尚不明确;同时,中低温能源品位低、能量密度小,其开发利用仍然面临获取难、转换方式单一等问题,缺乏有效的技术路线指导.该文从中国能源结构中供需匹配角度出发,对地...     

适度消费模式的建立值得期待

2012年是联合国确定的"人人享有可持续能源国际年"。据联合国统计,世界上每5人中就有1人没有使用过现代能源,仍生活在"能源贫困"中。鉴于此种情况,第66届联大主席纳赛尔于5月24日在纽约"能源的未来"研讨会上发表主题演讲时说:"国际社会迫切需要确保能源的可持续使用并应对‘能源贫困’带来的挑战,我呼吁采取新的消费和生产模式。"中国还处在必须保持经济较高发展速度的时期,如何发扬固有消费模式的优点,使之成为我国经济发展的立足点,是摆在政府和国民面前的重大命题。     

能源普查数据质量控制办法初探

能源类的调查项目将首次纳入经济普查,由于全社会的能源统计基础薄弱,缺乏有效的历史数据和对比数据,造成对普查中能源数据的质量不易把握.结合实际工作,从误差产生的角度研究并提出控制方法.     

中国能源研究会城市能源专委会在重庆召开年会

20 0 4年 10月 2 0日至 2 2日 ,中国能源研究会城市能源专委会在重庆召开年会 ,参加会议的有北京、天津、重庆、沈阳、太原、长春、南昌、石家庄等城市及中国能源研究会、山西省能源研究会、大专院校、科研机构和地方环保部门的专家代表。会议就“‘十一·五’能源规划研究”、     

Analysis of China's energy utilization for 2007

China is the world's second-largest energy producer and consumer, so that it is very necessary to analyze China's energy situation for saving energy consumption and reducing GHG emission. Energy flow chart is taken as a useful tool for sorting out and displaying energy statistics data. Energy statistics data is the premise and foundation for analyzing energy situation. However, there exit many differences between China and foreign energy balance. Based on the international criterion of energy balance and some advices given by related experts, the author properly adjusts China's energy balance. And the purpose of this paper is to draft China's energy flow chart for 2007, which is used to study the characteristics of energy production and consumption in China. We find that: (1) coal is the main energy in China, which accounted for 73.2% of total energy supply in 2007; (2) thermal power accounted for 83.2% of the total electricity supply, and 78.43% thermal power was based on coal; (3) in 2007, the secondary industrial sector consumed about 69.93% of energy; (4) China's energy utilization efficiency was about 33.23% in 2007.     

Energy efficiency supervision strategy selection of Chinese large-scale public buildings

This paper discusses energy consumption, building development and building energy consumption in China, and points that energy efficiency management and maintenance of large-scale public buildings is the breakthrough point of building energy saving in China. Three obstacles are lack of basic statistics data, lack of service market for building energy saving, and lack of effective management measures account for the necessity of energy efficiency supervision for large-scale public buildings. And then the paper introduces the supervision aims, the supervision system and the five basic systems’ role in the supervision system, and analyzes the working mechanism of the five basic systems. The energy efficiency supervision system of large-scale public buildings takes energy consumption statistics as a data basis, Energy auditing as a technical support, energy consumption ration as a benchmark of energy saving and price increase beyond ration as a price lever, and energy efficiency public-noticing as an amplifier. The supervision system promotes energy efficiency operation and maintenance of large-scale public building, and drives a comprehensive building energy saving in China.     

Estimation of the quality of energy sources and uses

In energy analysis and energy planning it is usual for conventional enthalpy based statistics and data to be used. This has led to difficulties, as these statistics and data do not reflect the qualities or grades of the different forms of energy. To help overcome these difficulties, a regression technique has been developed which enables all forms of energy to be converted to common quality equivalents. In particular this should improve the evaluative scope and potential of energy analysis, and in general it should aid the use of physical measurements of energy in energy planning and policy formulation procedures. Uses of the data derived from this technique, the limitations and some possible extensions of this technique are discussed.     

德国实现能源转型的措施与挑战

德国于2010年9月发布《能源方案》,提出到2050年完成"能源转型",实现以可再生能源为主的能源供应系统。《能源方案》中德国政府还决定延长核电站运营年数,将核能作为可再生能源发展成熟之前的过渡技术。2011年3月福岛核事故的发生使德国政府再次决定彻底放弃核能,加速进入可再生能源时代。本文介绍了《能源方案》中推动"能源转型"的各项政策措施,分析了德国在实现这一宏伟目标过程中将面临的挑战。     

IEA World Energy Outlook 2010—A comment

The World Energy Outlook 2010 is a comprehensive energy report issued by the IEA. It is rewritten annually to reflect the world's changing energy and economy realities; it also introduces new issues relevant to the energy sector. This year it dealt with Caspian Energy, Energy Poverty and Energy Subsidies. WEO is controversial in few aspects; it still promotes a 450 Scenario which has become out of reach. This year however it introduced a more realistic New Policies Scenario which will need a lot of good will and investments to accomplish. Governmental policies are going to chart future energy sector performance; increasingly this is becoming decided by non-OECD countries. A more pragmatic future energy outlook is needed to reflect developing countries priorities for growth and utilization of local resources and how to accommodate this with abatement priorities through energy efficiency measures and technologies.     

Energy models for demand forecasting—A review

Energy is vital for sustainable development of any nation - be it social, economic or environment. In the past decade energy consumption has increased exponentially globally. Energy management is crucial for the future economic prosperity and environmental security. Energy is linked to industrial production, agricultural output, health, access to water, population, education, quality of life, etc. Energy demand management is required for proper allocation of the available resources. During the last decade several new techniques are being used for energy demand management to accurately predict the future energy needs. In this paper an attempt is made to review the various energy demand forecasting models. Traditional methods such as time series, regression, econometric, ARIMA as well as soft computing techniques such as fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm, and neural networks are being extensively used for demand side management. Support vector regression, ant colony and particle swarm optimization are new techniques being adopted for energy demand forecasting. Bottom up models such as MARKAL and LEAP are also being used at the national and regional level for energy demand management.     

Three laws of energy transitions

The paper formulates and explores a hypothesis on three general energy transition laws: the law of stable long-term energy costs to income ratio; the law of improving energy quality; and the law of growing energy productivity. These laws are essential for shaping long-term projections and checking for their consistency. All three are rooted in amazingly stable in time and universal across countries energy costs to income ratios. Limited energy purchasing power sets up thresholds, which, if exceeded, bring asymmetry to energy demand to price elasticity. The author believes, that the theoretical postulate on the substantial substitution among production factors, which is used in the production functions theory, may be incorrect. In reality, innovations mainly lead to the substitution of a low-quality production factor with the same yet of a better-quality. Improving energy quality with stable costs to income ratio is accompanied by growing energy productivity. Energy costs to income thresholds are indicators allowing for better projections of oil prices.     

Energy indicators for sustainable development

Energy is an essential factor in overall efforts to achieve sustainable development. Countries striving to this end are seeking to reassess their energy systems with a view toward planning energy programmes and strategies in line with sustainable development goals and objectives. This paper summarizes the outcome of an international partnership initiative on indicators for sustainable energy development that aims to provide an analytical tool for assessing current energy production and use patterns at a national level. The proposed set of energy indicators represents a first step of a consensus reached on this subject by five international agencies—two from the United Nations system (the Department of Economic and Social Affairs and the International Atomic Energy Agency), two from the European Union (Eurostat and the European Environment Agency) and one from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (the International Energy Agency). Energy and environmental experts including statisticians, analysts, policy makers and academics have started to implement general guidelines and methodologies in the development of national energy indicators for use in their efforts to monitor the effects of energy policies on the social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable development.     

中国经济发展与能源消费的现状分析及对策初探

能源是经济发展不可或缺的重要资源,能源依赖、能源高耗对我国经济运行的质量与速度造成一定的负面影响,亟待解决。文章对中国经济增长与能源消耗的现状进行了分析,从能源角度研究制约中国经济增长的瓶颈,针对中国经济增长与能源消耗的关系,从能源结构、能源市场、能源储备等方面探索具有针对性的对策建议,促进能源发展与经济社会的进步。     

Development of method for estimation of world industrial energy consumption and its application

The energy balances published by the International Energy Agency (IEA) are one of the most valuable sources of energy statistics covering world energy supply and demand. However, some issues arise when these data are analyzed or used directly. Even when industrial energy consumption alone is examined, at least three types of issues are encountered: missing data, large amounts of misallocated data in some countries, and numerous unrealistic outliers in the time-series variations. When we deal with only a few regions, we can look at data one by one and modify them. In this case, we are going to overcome these issues with a systematic method because the data covers world including more than a hundred regions.This paper proposes a data reconciliation method to treat these issues, and describes its application to world industrial energy consumption. As a result of its application, we found that the three issues mentioned above seemed to be overcome. The degree of the reconciliation by region showed that OECD countries' degree tends to be smaller than those of non-OECD countries. However, not all of the OECD countries have low values and some countries, such as the United States, have high values.