石墨烯/丙酮纳米流体振荡热管传热特性研究

通过实验研究了不同质量浓度的石墨烯/丙酮纳米流体振荡热管不同充液率下的传热性能。结果表明,小充液率(45%)下,石墨烯/丙酮纳米流体振荡热管的热阻均小于纯工质丙酮,但烧干现象并没有得到明显改善;中等充液率(62%~70%)下,石墨烯/丙酮纳米流体振荡热管较纯工质丙酮来说不再发生烧干现象,纳米流体振荡热管的热阻随着加热功率的增加而明显降低,浓度为0.01%时具有较为明显的传热优势;大充液率(90%)下,石墨烯/丙酮纳米流体振荡热管的传热性能则普遍优于纯工质,且随着加热功率的增加,传热性能的优势更加明显。     

脉动热管水平及小倾角条件下的传热性能

为了研究脉动热管放置方式对其传热性能的影响,以超纯水作为工质,对水平及倾角为30°放置的脉动热管的传热性能进行研究,用壁面温度振荡性能和传热热阻来描述其传热能力。在不同的放置条件下,着重分析不同加热功率和充液率(35%,50%,70%)对其传热性能的影响。研究表明：水平放置时,充液率为35%和50%时脉动热管不能启动,充液率70%时可以启动运行;脉动热管在运行时存在临界热量输入值,倾角为30°时,临界值为60 W,但水平放置条件下临界值为90 W;水平放置下的脉动热管传热热阻在不同加热功率下,显著高于倾角为30°的情况;倾角为30°,充液率为35%时的脉动热管适合在低加热功率范围运行,此时传热热阻要低于充液率为50%的情况,但传热范围很窄,传热极限低;30°倾角时,与充液率35%和50%相比,高充液率70%的脉动热管整体传热性能最优。     

乙醇_水双工质脉动热管传热性能实验研究

通过对乙醇-水双工质脉动热管在风冷条件下进行的实验研究,探讨了加热功率、体积配比和充液率对热管振荡和传热性能的影响。结果显示,在实验条件下,功率小于100 W时,充液率、体积配比和加热功率对热管传热性能的影响较明显;中高功率时热管稳定性与热管中液态水体积份额有关,且随水份额增大热阻降低。而水份额低于21%时,热管稳定性较差,且水的份额越小,不稳定出现时的功率越低。50%~70%充液率热管的传热性能要优于30%充液率的热管,体积配比相当的热管振荡特性和传热性能相对较差。     

单回路紫铜_水脉动热管传热性能的实验研究

实验研究了单回路紫铜—水脉动热管在水冷方式和定传热功率时,冷却水流量、倾角、管径和充液率4种因素对热管传热性能,包括管壁测点温度、冷热段均温、传热温差、传热热阻和温度振幅的影响规律,得到提高传热性能的一些措施。结果显示:水平放置的单回路脉动热管无法启动;30°以上倾角管内可产生振荡,增加倾角可降低传热热阻;定加热功率下,冷却水流量存在最佳值,过大和过小都会增加传热热阻;在脉动热管允许管径范围内,增加管径可大大降低传热热阻;相同传热功率时,30%充液率热管的传热热阻明显低于70%充液率管;小而均匀的壁温振荡比大幅锯齿状振荡时的传热性能好。     

不同加热功率下充液率对无芯环路热管性能的影响

设计了以铝为管材、丙酮为传热工质的无芯环路热管。其蒸发段采用加热带加热,冷凝段用风冷降温。热管依靠蒸发压头使工质循环,并依靠重力作用,使冷凝液回流到蒸发段。搭建试验台并研究了不同加热功率下充液率对无芯环路热管的传热温差、传热量、热效率、热阻和当量导热系数的影响。结果表明:加热功率为150.00 W、充液率为30%时,无芯环路热管的均温性最好;传热温差和热阻均最小,分别为6.75℃、0.045 K/W。传热量132.00 W、热效率0.88、当量导热系数168 125 W/(m·K),均达到最大值。所以,该无芯环路热管在本实验研究范围内的最佳工作条件为加热功率150.00 W、充液率30%。     

单回路脉动热管传热特性研究

试验研究了单回路紫铜-水脉动热管在3种充液率下的传热性能,理论分析了不同加热功率和充液率下工质的干度、流速、显热和潜热及其份额的变化特性。结果显示:较小传热功率时,减小充液率或增大加热功率会提高热管的传热性能;而较高传热功率时,充液率和加热功率对热管的传热性能影响较小。增加传热功率或减小充液率,会提高管内工质的流速及流量,提高热管的潜热传热量及潜热传热份额;显热量随加热功率和充液率的增加而增大。     

一种振荡热管换热器热性能的研究

设计了一种振荡热管换热器,将其内插于太阳能集热器中,应用于蓄能型内插热管式太阳能热水系统,根据太阳辐射强度切换工作模型,可实现对太阳能的分季节最大化利用。搭建了蓄能型振荡热管换热器性能试验台,对充灌工质分别为R134a、乙醇/水、丙酮/水的振荡热管换热器在不同加热功率下启动时间、水侧温升和热阻等性能进行研究。结果表明:无论振荡热管换热器内充灌哪种工质,热管的启动时间都随着加热功率的增大而减小;相似环境温度下,充灌不同工质的振荡热管换热器的热阻都随着加热功率的增大而减小;在相同的环境温度下,充灌不同工质的振荡热管换热器的循环水温都会随着加热功率的增大而升高,充灌R134a的振荡热管换热器的循环水温增幅最大。     

环路型脉动热管的工质流动和传热特性实验研究

建立了部分可视化的环路型铜-乙醇脉动热管试验台,研究了充液率、倾斜角度、环路数目等因素对脉动热管传热性能的影响。结果表明:不能形成脉动效应时工质的流型是间歇振动,形成脉动效应时工质的流型是弹状流或环状流;最佳倾角为70°~90,°最佳充液率在50%左右;热阻随着环路数目的增加而减小。     

振荡流热管在太阳热水器上的应用

通过室内实验,研究柱型振荡流热管的传热特性。实验结果表明:加热功率越大,热管的传热性能越好。在相同加热功率下,热管的当量导热系数随倾角的增大先增大后减小,热阻随倾角的增大先减小后增大,在倾角为60°时传热性能最好。倾角为60°加热功率为65 W时,当量导热系数为23406.67 W/(m·K),热阻为0.61 K/W。对玻璃真空管振荡流热管太阳热水器进行室外热性能实验,实验结果表明,太阳热水器平均日效率为56.9%,平均热损系数为3.08 W/K。     

不同充液率和加热功率下乙烷脉动热管传热性能研究

通过实验研究了在充液率为30%～70%,加热功率为10～60 W的工况下乙烷脉动热管的传热性能。结果表明:随着加热功率的增加,冷凝段和蒸发段的温度波动依次经历了低幅低频、低幅高频、高幅高频和高幅低频的振荡模式;在中低加热功率下,蒸发段和冷凝段的温度振荡波形相位角相差180°,而当高加热功率时,蒸发段和冷凝段的温度变化是同步的;在不同的加热功率下,脉动热管均在50%充液率时达到最佳传热性能;脉动热管的传热性能随加热功率的增大先增强后减弱,其存在最佳加热功率使得脉动热管的换热效率最高。     

Experimental study on heat transfer performance of pulsating heat pipe with refrigerants

The effects of different refrigerants on heat transfer performance of pulsating heat pipe(PHP) are investigated experimentally.The working temperature of pulsating heat pipe is kept in the range of 20℃-50℃.The startup time of the pulsating heat pipe with refrigerants can be shorter than 4 min,when heating power is in the range of 10W-100W.The startup time decreases with heating power.Thermal resistances of PHP with filling ratio 20.55% were obviously larger than those with other filling ratios.Thermal resistance of the PHP with R134a is much smaller than that with R404A and R600a.It indicates that the heat transfer ability of R134a is better.In addition,a correlation to predict thermal resistance of PHP with refrigerants was suggested.     

Experimental Study on a Hydrogen Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe with Different Adiabatic Lengths

Pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) are promising heat transfer devices due to their high heat transfer rate, simple construction, and low manufacturing cost. Most previous investigations focused mainly on their performances at room temperature. In order to have a better understanding on their thermal performances in the cryogenic field, a PHP element with liquid hydrogen as the working fluid has been fabricated. In this paper, the effect of adiabatic length (100 and 500 mm) on the thermal performance of the hydrogen PHP was investigated in order to determine whether it is capable of transferring heat over a long distance. Experiments were carried out at the filling ratio of 51% and the heat loads from 0 to 14 W. It can be observed that the two PHPs are able to maintain stable temperature profiles during the operation as the heat load increases. Their thermal resistances are almost constant around 0.3 K/W, but that of the longer PHP is about 30% larger. The results demonstrate the potential advantages of PHPs to effectively transport heat over a long distance.     

Chaotic behavior of pulsating heat pipes

Chaotic behavior of closed loop pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) was studied. The PHPs were fabricated by capillary tubes with outer and inner diameters of 2.0 and 1.20 mm. FC-72 and deionized water were used as the working fluids. Experiments cover the following data ranges: number of turns of 4, 6, and 9, inclination angles from 5° (near horizontal) to 90° (vertical), charge ratios from 50% to 80%, heating powers from 7.5 to 60.0 W. The nonlinear analysis is based on the recorded time series of temperatures on the evaporation, adiabatic, and condensation sections. The present study confirms that PHPs are deterministic chaotic systems. Autocorrelation functions (ACF) are decreased versus time, indicating prediction ability of the system is finite. Three typical attractor patterns are identified. Hurst exponents are very high, i.e., from 0.85 to 0.95, indicating very strong persistent properties of PHPs. Curves of correlation integral versus radius of hypersphere indicate two linear sections for water PHPs, corresponding to both high frequency, low amplitude, and low frequency, large amplitude oscillations. At small inclination angles near horizontal, correlation dimensions are not uniform at different turns of PHPs. The non-uniformity of correlation dimensions is significantly improved with increases in inclination angles. Effect of inclination angles on the chaotic parameters is complex for FC-72 PHPs, but it is certain that correlation dimensions and Kolmogorov entropies are increased with increases in inclination angles. The optimal charge ratios are about 60–70%, at which correlation dimensions and Kolmogorov entropies are high. The higher the heating power, the larger the correlation dimensions and Kolmogorov entropies are. For most runs, large correlation dimensions and Kolmogorov entropies correspond to small thermal resistances, i.e., better thermal performance, except for FC-72 PHPs at small inclination angles of θ < 15°.     

Fabrication of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pulsating heat pipe

This paper reports on the preliminary experimental results of using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to manufacture a visual pulsating heat pipe with length, width and internal diameter of 56 mm, 50 mm and 2 mm, respectively, including the manufacturing process, the vacuuming management for filling and packaging. The experiment used methanol and ethanol as working fluids. A fix filled ratio (about 60%) and different heating power values (3–8 W) were used to test the thermal performance. A high-speed video camera was used to record the working situation of the working fluid inside the channel. The results are discussed and analyzed.The experiment shows that methanol, in a vertical orientation, shows the most efficient results. When the heating power is 3 W, the thermal resistance is more than 4.5 °C/W below the value for ethanol as the working fluid. For a heating power of 4 W, the average temperature decreases to 15 °C in the evaporator. Also, gravity will have an impact on the PHP performance: the vertical orientation is better as compared to the horizontal orientation.     

Influence of filling ratio and working fluid thermal properties on starting up and heat transferring performance of closed loop plate oscillating heat pipe with parallel channels

Using ethanol or acetone as the working fluid, the performance of starting up and heat transfer of closed-loop plate oscillating heat pipe with parallel channels(POHP-PC) were experimentally investigated by varying filling ratio, inclination, working fluids and heating power. The performance of the tested pulsating heat pipe was mainly evaluated by thermal resistance and wall temperature. Heating copper block and cold water bath were adopted in the experimental investigations. It was found that oscillating heat pipe with filling ratio of 50% started up earlier than that with 70% when heating input was 159.4 W, however, it has similar starting up performance with filling ratio of 50% as compared to 70% on the condition of heat input of 205.4 W. And heat pipe with filling ratio of 10% could not start up but directly transit to dry burning. A reasonable filling ratio range of 35%-70% was needed in order to achieve better performance, and there are different optimal filling ratios with different heating inputs- the more heating input, the higher optimal filling ratio, and vice versa. However, the dry burning appeared easily with low filling ratio, especially at very low filling ratio, such as 10%. And higher filling ratio, such as 70%, resulted in higher heat transfer( dry burning) limit. With filling ratio of 70% and inclination of 75°, oscillating heat pipe with acetone started up with heating input of just 24 W, but for ethanol, it needed to be achieved 68 W, Furthermore, the start time with acetone was similar as compared to that with ethanol. For steady operating state, the heating input with acetone was about 80 W, but it transited to dry burning state when heating input was greater than 160 W. However, for ethanol, the heating input was in vicinity of 160 W. Furthermore, thermal resistance with acetone was lower than that with ethanol at the same heating input of 120 W.     

Experimental investigation on performance of a rotating closed loop pulsating heat pipe

Pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) are interesting heat transfer devices. Their simple, high maintaining, and cheap arrangement has made PHPs very efficient compared to conventional heat pipes. Rotating closed loop PHP (RCLPHP) is a novel kind of them, in which the thermodynamic principles of PHP are combined with rotation. In this paper, effect of rotational speed on thermal performance of a RCLPHP is investigated experimentally. The research was carried out by changing input power (from 25 W to 100 W, with 15 W steps) and filling ratio (25%, 50%, and 75%) for different rotational speeds (from 50 rpm to 800 rpm with an increment of 125 rpm). The results presented that at a fixed filling ratio, thermal resistance of RCLPHP decreased with increasing heat input applied to evaporator. Above a certain range of heat input, probability of partial dry-out of evaporator existed, which led into thermal performance deterioration of RCLPHP. Moreover, thermal resistance of RCLPHP decreased with increasing rotational speed and probability of partial dry-out in the evaporating section reached to its least amount.     

脉动热管应用技术研究进展

脉动热管作为一种高效的被动式传热装置,在制冷、航空航天、余热回收、低品位能源利用等领域具有很大的应用潜力。本文在分析国内外大量研究成果的基础上,总结归纳了脉动热管的工作原理和影响因素,综述了脉动热管技术的应用现状,对脉动热管大规模应用所亟需解决的关键科学技术问题进行了分析。     

Experimental research on heat transfer of pulsating heat pipe

Experimental research was conducted to understand heat transfer characteristic of pulsating heat pipe in this paper, and the PHP is made of high quality glass capillary tube. Under different fill ratio, heat transfer rate and many other influence factors, the flow patterns were observed in the start-up, transition and stable stage. The effects of heating position on heat transfer were discussed. The experimental results indicate that no annular flow appears in top heating condition. Under different fall ratios and heat transfer rate, the flow pattern in PHP is transferred from bulk flow to semi-annular flow and annular flow, and the performance of heat transfer is improved for down heating case. The experimental results indicate that the total heat resistant of PHP is increased with fill ratio, and heat transfer rate achieves optimum at filling rate 50%. But for pulsating heat pipe with changing diameters the thermal resistance is higher than that with uniform diameters.     

Advances and Unsolved Issues in Pulsating Heat Pipes

Pulsating (or oscillating) heat pipes (PHP or OHP) are new two-phase heat transfer devices that rely on the oscillatory flow of liquid slug and vapor plug in a long miniature tube bent into many turns. The unique feature of PHPs, compared with conventional heat pipes, is that there is no wick structure to return the condensate to the heating section; thus, there is no countercurrent flow between the liquid and vapor. Significant experimental and theoretical efforts have been made related to PHPs in the last decade. While experimental studies have focused on either visualizing the flow pattern in PHPs or characterizing the heat transfer capability of PHPs, theoretical examinations attempt to analytically and numerically model the fluid dynamics and/or heat transfer associated with the oscillating two-phase flow. The existing experimental and theoretical research, including important features and parameters, is summarized in tabular form. Progresses in flow visualization, heat transfer characteristics, and theoretical modeling are thoroughly reviewed. Finally, unresolved issues on the mechanism of PHP operation, modeling, and application are discussed.     

Understanding operational regimes of closed loop pulsating heat pipes: an experimental study

Increasing performance of electronic components is resulting in higher heat flux dissipation. Two-phase passive devices are proven solutions for modern microelectronics thermal management. In this context, heat pipe research is being continuously pursued evolving newer solutions to suit present requirements. Pulsating heat pipes (PHPs), a relatively new and emerging technology is one such field of investigation. The operating mechanism of PHP is not well understood and the present state of the art cannot predict required design parameters for a given task. The aim of research work presented in this paper is to better understand these mechanisms through experimental investigations.Experiments were conducted on a PHP made of copper capillary tube of 2-mm inner diameter. Three different working fluids viz. water, ethanol and R-123 were employed. The PHP was tested in vertical (bottom heat mode) and horizontal orientation. The results strongly demonstrate the effect of input heat flux and volumetric filling ratio of the working fluid on the thermal performance of the device. Important insight into the operational regimes of the device has been gained.