汇聚太阳能流体流速对吸热器温度场和应力场影响

为研究高汇聚太阳能流体流速对管式吸热器的温度场、热应变及热应力场的影响,本文采用蒙特卡洛与有限单元相结合的光热力顺序解耦计算法分析了不同流速下管式吸热器的温度场、热应变及热应力场的分布。计算结果表明管式吸热器的温度场、热应变及等效热应力均随着流体流速的增加而降低。与轴向热应力和径向热应力相比,切向热应力对管式吸热器的等效热应力的贡献比例更大,均匀化温度沿管式吸热器的圆周方向分布是热应力抑制的有效手段之一。     

基于SCNN的转子热应力场的实现研究

热应力是监测机组寿命损耗的重要量 ,但现在对热应力的实时计算方法大多是采用解析方法 ,由于解析方法是对转子二维轴对称热传导方程的简化 ,这给热应力的计算结果带来了误差。基于这种背景 ,本文利用了有限元计算热应力场的中间计算结果 ,应用结构可控的前向神经网络 (SC NN)方法 ,仿真了热应力场的整体刚度矩阵代数方程组的求解 ,应用所得的节点位移 ,可求出转子的热应力场。     

基于一维和三维耦合模型的ITER偏滤器烘烤过程热应力分析

偏滤器是托卡马克装置堆内的重要部件,有去除杂质、避免第一壁烧蚀的作用。在装置运行前,要对偏滤器进行烘烤以去除水分及杂质,但在烘烤过程中偏滤器靶板会产生较大的热应力。为了探究偏滤器在不同烘烤速率下的热应力变化,找到能够改善热应力的最大烘烤速率,发展了一维流动换热和三维导热耦合计算的模拟方法,对ITER偏滤器换热模块内的流动和温度分布进行分析,并进一步考察了不同烘烤速率下的热应力分布。计算结果显示,烘烤速率对ITER偏滤器的热应力有较大影响,减慢烘烤速率可以明显降低热应力,当烘烤速率小于0.1K/s时烘烤速率对热应力的影响很小。另外,纯铜中间层在烘烤过程中会发生塑性屈服现象,这会减小结构的热应力。     

锅炉启停过程中SA299材质汽包整体应力变化的有限元分析

某电厂300 MW机组锅炉的SA299材质汽包中部距下降管400~500 mm处出现了一些裂纹,为分析锅炉启停过程汽包的应力变化,采用三维有限元分析方法,运用ALGOR软件对SA299材质的汽包在启停过程热应力和总应力的分布和变化进行了计算.结果表明：在启动过程中水位线处的热应力最大,裂纹处的热应力幅在80 MPa以内,裂纹处的热应力变化与水线处热应力变化趋势基本一致,最大热应力区域接近裂纹产生区域;启停过程中危险点处总应力最大,其应力幅为350 MPa,整个启停过程中,裂纹处的总应力不大,水位线及以下的内壁区域应力比上部和外壁更大;热应力是汽包裂纹产生的诱因之一.     

B&W 6L60MCE柴油机气缸套非稳态热应力分析

建立过渡工况(起动、停车)气缸套非稳态热应力分析模型以及反映过渡工况特点的边界条件数学模型.对过渡工况下的传热和热应力以及工作循环中的温度波、波动热应力和脉动机械应力的计算结果进行了重点分析.从而对气缸套非稳态热应力做出正确的分析.表明非稳态热应力和脉动机械应力对材料引起的疲劳破坏是气缸套失效的主要原因.     

600MW超临界锅炉膜式水冷壁的热应力分析

建立了超临界锅炉膜式水冷壁的热应力场有限元计算模型。结果表明,鳍片限制管壁变形从而在接触面产生热应力,最大热应力值为1.301 GPa,而在水冷壁管的向火侧可自由膨胀导致此处的热变形最大,最大变形量为0.306mm;水冷壁最大热应力随管壁厚度的增大而增大,而随鳍片厚度的增大反而减小,厚度每增加1mm,最大热应力变化量分别为30MPa和40MPa,水垢厚度对水冷壁最大热应力的影响较小。     

Dynamic Response Analysis of Tube Sheet for U-tube Heat Exchangers

以U型管式换热器管板为例,利用Ansys有限元软件的瞬态分析模块对其动应力进行了有限元计算,通过有限元分析对模型进行了简化和当量处理,并对换热器管板进行了强度和疲劳评定.结果表明：计算和分析结果更符合U型管式换热器管板真实的动应力分布,其最大动应力在管板与壳程筒体连接应力槽处,适当增大过渡圆角半径可使管板两侧应力趋于相等;由温度产生的热应力对管板总应力影响很大,在计算中不能忽略温度载荷的影响;评定结果表明,该换热器符合强度和疲劳要求.     

B＆W 6L60MCE柴油机气缸套非稳态热应力分析

建立过渡工况(起动、停车)气缸套非稳态热应力分析模型以及反映过渡工况特点的边界条件数学模型。对过渡工况下的传热和热应力以及工作循环中的温度波、波动热应力和脉动机械应力的计算结果进行了重点分析。从而对气缸套非稳态热应力做出正确的分析。表明非稳态热应力和脉动机械应力对材料引起的疲劳破坏是气缸套失效的主要原因。     

两种常用换热系数计算公式的比较和应用

对汽轮机转子热应力计算中两种常用的换热系数计算公式进行了计算和比较,并分析了两种不同换热系数计算公式对热应力的影响,为汽轮机转子温度场及热应力计算中换热系数计算公式的选取提供了一定的依据。     

锅炉运行状态下水冷壁应力分析

分析了运行状态下水冷壁的应力场,并给出轴向热应力,内压应力的解析公式及环向热应力,径向热应力的计算方法,最后用应力分析法进行了应力评定。     

高压给水加热器管板单元的有限元分析

高压给水加热器管板上换热管呈正三角形排布.采用ANSYS通用有限元软件,对任意三根管子围成的单元进行分析.首先计算单元上的瞬态温度场,然后将节点温度作为载荷求解模型热应力;还有热载荷和机械载荷同时作用时的应力.得出布管区的管板温度能够在短时间内达到平衡;在管板与管子连接处热应力影响较大;耦合后应力主要受热应力影响,且随...     

调峰汽轮机转子热应力及寿命损耗在线监测系统

依据调峰机组的实际运行数据，利用九节点有限单元法计算了汽轮机转子的温度应力场，确定了转子的危险截面和最大应力部位。在此基础上，修正了转子的一维热应力简化计算式，计算调峰汽轮机转子疲劳寿命损耗，建立了转子热应力及寿命损耗的线监测数学模型。并在Windows95/98操作基础上开发了转子应力监测软件。该监测系统对电厂的实际运行具有重要的指导意义。     

A solar engine using the thermal expansion of metals

A thermal engine with solid metal as the single-phase working substance is described. The engine can consist of nothing more than a metal tube mounted in a bearing at either end so that it is free to rotate about its axis, with a flywheel mass at its midpoint. When the tube is heated on its upper surface, the region of its maximum compressive bending stress, it will rotate and produce steady power. Compared to engines using a gas or a liquid as the working substance, this engine has the disadvantage of low thermal efficiency but the advantage of simplicity. The solid metal phase engine may be useful for converting solar energy into small amounts of mechanical energy in underdeveloped regions of the world.     

Thermal stress analysis of eccentric tube receiver using concentrated solar radiation

In the parabolic trough concentrator with tube receiver system, the heat transfer fluid flowing through the tube receiver can induce high thermal stress and deflection. In this study, the eccentric tube receiver is introduced with the aim to reduce the thermal stresses of tube receiver. The ray-thermal-structural sequential coupled numerical analyses are adopted to obtain the concentrated heat flux distributions, temperature distributions and thermal stress fields of both the eccentric and concentric tube receivers. During the sequential coupled numerical analyses, the concentrated heat flux distribution on the bottom half periphery of tube receiver is obtained by Monte-Carlo ray tracing method, and the fitting function method is introduced for the calculated heat flux distribution transformation from the Monte-Carlo ray tracing model to the CFD analysis model. The temperature distributions and thermal stress fields are obtained by the CFD and FEA analyses, respectively. The effects of eccentricity and oriented angle variation on the thermal stresses of eccentric tube receiver are also investigated. It is recommended to adopt the eccentric tube receiver with optimum eccentricity and 90° oriented angle as tube receiver for the parabolic trough concentrator system to reduce the thermal stresses.     

Comparison of mode-Ⅰ crack propagation of tube subjected to internal hydrogen static and detonation loading

An elaborate numerical model with progressive damage and failure and fluid-structure coupling was developed to study the crack propagations of tubes under hydrogen static and detonation loads. The numerical model was verified with experiment in terms of crack behaviors and fracture patterns. The tube responses, crack propagations, pressure histories, crack lengths and speeds as well as the energy storages were obtained and analyzed in detailed. It was found the static load case has higher stored energy inside the tube, which causes the larger crack length and speed, as well as the severer bending deformation of tube. The forward crack first run faster under detonation load, but it will be caught up by the backward crack in the late period. The crack growths are incremental under both types of loads. However, the crack growth under detonation load has certain regular patterns, where the oscillating crack speed has a dominant frequency that can be calculated by the proposed formula. Moreover, the quantitative relationship between detonation load speed and the incremental crack growth length was revealed, which is fundamentally and practically useful.     

循环流化床锅炉过热器爆管诊断分析

叙述锅炉过热器爆管的诊断方法,并以某电厂1#CFB锅炉低温过热器管弯头爆裂为例,经对爆管宏观检查,确定过热器弯管裂纹产生原因为热疲劳裂纹。并对过热器弯管进行金相、化学成分和应力分析,其主要原因是材质问题,导致机械性能下降,在烟气冲刷作用下过热器弯管明显减薄,最终在蠕变变形和弯曲残余应力共同作用下导致过热器管弯头开裂。     

600MW汽轮机转子热应力及寿命损耗分析研究

以某电厂600MW超超临界机组汽轮机转子为研究对象,运用ansys有限元软件建立二维模型,计算出不同平均温升率下机组启动时转子热应力值。与理论公式通过最小二乘法进行曲线拟合,从而确定无中心孔转子的时间修正因子和形状因子。然后根据低周疲劳曲线计算出转子的寿命损耗。鉴于波动、间歇式新能源的并网,能够指导运行人员,通过温升率和温升量的调节,在安全的前提下,提高汽轮机组负荷变动能力和调峰能力。     

贯流式机组水电站厂房底板施工期温度场仿真分析

对于水电站厂房这样结构复杂的大型水工结构,提出了将国外著名的大型有限元计算软件与自主开发的温度场、温度应力仿真计算程序相结合的方法,解决了在仿真中实现三维空间内混凝土跳仓浇筑的困难,并对某水电站厂房底板进行了仿真计算分析。利用此方法,工程人员可以根据具体的施工方案、浇筑顺序方便地进行温度场、温度应力仿真分析,掌握温度分布情况,及时采取减小温度应力的相应温控措施。     

Mathematical Model and Its Application of Radial Effective Thermal Conductivity for Coil Heat Transfer in HPH Furnace

Temperature uniformity of steel coils in High Performance Hydrogen bell-type annealing furnace has a significant effect on their quality and production. The hot rolled coil can be considered as a periodically laminated material composed of steel layers and interface layers in radial direction. A new formula for the radial effective thermal conductivity has been proposed, which is based on surface characteristic, strip thickness and compressive stress of the rolled coil. Furthermore, it has been used to develop a heat transfer mathematical model for steel coils in the HPH furnace. The calculated annealing curves using this mathematical model are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL THERMAL DEFORMATION AND THERMAL STRESS IN WORKPIECES UNDER SURFACE GRINDING

The three-dimensional distribution of temperature, thermal deformation, and thermal stress in a workpiece during table traverse cross-feed surface grinding is computed numerically, and the effects on the dimensional accuracy, the holding force of the magnetic chuck, and the grinding cracks in the workpiece are discussed. The temperature distribution is calculated by a finite-difference method, and the distribution of thermal deformation and thermal stress is determined by a numerical method developed from the relaxation method. From the results of the analysis, it is clear that the deformation of workpieces cannot be disregarded when considering dimensional accuracy, and that the magnetic chuck is not sufficient to counteract the thermal bending of the workpiece.