2015年中国替代能源将达4300万t标准煤

中国有关国家部委组织制定的《2000-2015新能源与可再生能源产业发展规划要点》提出了具有导向性的产业发展战略目标：到2015年新能源和可再生能源年开发量达到4300万t标准煤，占中国当时能源消费总量的2％。有关人士说，随着技术的进步、生产规模的扩大、政策机制的不断完善，在今后15年左右的时间内，太阳热水器、风力发电和太阳能光伏发电、     

太阳能利用与可持续发展

<正>随着矿物能源匮乏和环境污染日益严重,人类越来越重视可再生能源的开发和利用。太阳能是当今应用最广的一种可再生资源,由于太阳能热技术日趋完善,太阳能的开发利用正在融入人们的生产和生活之中。太阳能利用包括光伏发电、太阳能热发电、以及太阳热水器、太阳房等利用方式。其中太阳热水器已经实现大规模商业化。到2003年,全世界太阳热水器保有量约为1.2亿m2,其中我国约占40％。光伏发电的发展十分迅速,2003年全世界光伏     

关于召开《全国地热资源开发利用与保护考察研讨会》的第一号通知

各有关单位和代表： 2006年开始实施的《可再生能源法》已将地热确定为和风能、太阳能等并列的可再生能源之一。近10年来，国际地热能源利用增长率约每年10％。目前，全国已施工的地热井约3000眼，深度从数百米到4000米，现每年开发地热水总量4．60亿立方米，地热能的利用相当于253万吨标准煤的发热量，居世界第一位。     

《可再生能源发展“十一五”规划》发布

国家发展和改革委员会日前发布的《可再生能源发展“十一五”规划》提出,到2010年,我国可再生能源在能源消费中的比重将达到10％,全国可再生能源年利用量达到3亿t标准煤,比2005年增长近1倍。《规划》认为,加快发展水电、生物质能、风电和太阳能,提高可再生能源在能源结构中的比重,     

光伏发电在我国电力能源结构中的战略地位和未来发展方向

保障能源和环境可持续发展,特别是保证一次能源的供给是我国面临的重大战略问题。可再生能源将逐步替代化石能源,成为人类可持续发展的能源。在可再生能源中,潜力最大的是太阳能,到本世纪中期太阳能将成为电力能源中的重要组成部分,而到本世纪末成为电力能源中的主要部分。我国拥有丰富的太阳能资源,是中华民族赖以生存的最宝贵的资源。光伏发电技术目前已经成熟,发展势头迅猛,正在努力突破高成本的制约瓶颈,有望在30年左右的时段内成为重要的电力能源之一。在今后10～20年,我国的光伏发电将主要应用于下述方面:农村离网供电,分布电源,大规模荒漠电站以及其它商业应用。国家应首先加强光伏发电各项能力建设,包括资源普查和评估、研发能力建设、培训体系建设、质量监督服务体系建设,并积极开展国际合作,引进技术、人才和资金,为我国光伏发电的健康、可持续发展奠定坚实的基础。     

“十二五”规划为可再生能源快速发展定调

<正>受国内外万众瞩目的《可再生能源发展"十二五"规划》近日出台,由此我国可再生能源利用进入了快速发展的新时期。《规划》指出,到2015年全部可再生能源的年利用量将达到4.78亿吨标准煤,其中商品可再生能源利用量达4亿吨标准煤,在能源消费中的比重达到9.5%以上。可再生能源发电在电力体系中上升为重要电源。十二五时期,可再生能源新增发电装机1.6亿千瓦,其中常规水电6100万千瓦,风电7000万千瓦,太阳能发电2000万千     

深圳市太阳能热水系统应用现状与前景分析

一深圳地区太阳能热利用的自然条件根据我国对太阳能资源分布地区类别的划分,深圳属资源丰富地区。该类地区地平面每年可获得3780～5040MJ／m＾2的太阳光能,相当于燃烧130～170kg标准煤所释放的热量。深圳市区面积1991m^2。,平原地区每年地面接收的太阳光能约为3亿t标准煤所含能量,而目前全市每年能耗总量约折合4915万t标准煤。     

降低成本─—发展阳光发电技术的关键

太阳能是一种广泛存在的洁净能源。阳光发电既有利于经济发展，又可维护生态环境，是一项十分有效的可再生能源应用技术。众所周知，太阳是一个巨大的能源，它以光辐射的形式每秒钟向太空发射约3．8×1020MJ的能量，其中约有22亿分之一投射到地球上。太阳光被地球大气层反射、吸收之后，还有70％左右透射到地面。地球上一年中接收到的太阳能高达1．8X1018kwh我国各地的太阳能年辐射量为930～2330kwh／m2，全国陆地表面每年接受的太阳能相当于！．7万亿吨标准煤，比我国当前的年能源消耗总量高三个量级。因此，研究与开发阳光发电有着特别…     

可再生能源发电

可再生能源是指不会随人类的开发利用而衰减的能源,如风能、太阳能、生物质能、小水电（指设计能力低于２５兆瓦的工程）、海洋能、垃圾再利用能源、垃圾掩埋沼气、污水处理沼气、地热能等。我国的自然资源总量排世界第７位,能源资源总量居世界第３位。其中可再生能源资源尤其丰富,可开发风能资源２．５亿千瓦,水能资源７５４０万千瓦,生物质能１．２５亿千瓦,地热能６７０万千瓦,另外还有数量巨大的太阳能及城市垃圾利用潜力。１我国太阳能资源我国地处北半球欧亚大陆的东部,幅员辽阔,有着十分丰富的太阳能资源。我国各地的太阳辐…     

我国生物质气化发电技术应用与展望

生物质能是一种可再生的绿色能源，是绿色植物直接或间接地通过光合作用，把太阳能转化为化学能而贮藏在生物体内的能量。生物质能仅次于煤炭、石油和天然气之后位居世界能源消费总量第四位（主要能源情况见表1）。我国可利用的生物质能源十分丰富。据统计，我国每年可使用的生物质能源总量约5亿t标准煤，包括：农作物秸杆年产量约7亿t，可作为能源用途的约3亿t，折合约1．5亿t标准煤；薪炭林和林业及木材加工废物资源相当于3亿t标准煤：其它还可用作生物质能的包括：利用城市垃圾发电、工业有机废水制造沼气、以及一些油料、含糖或淀粉类作物制取液体燃料等。但实际生物质年消费量却不足1000万t标准煤，开发潜力巨大。     

风电系统的无功功率与电网电压稳定

论述了风电容量在占局部电网相当比例时,风电机组的无功功率调整与电网电压之间的关系,对于定速和变速风电机组的运行特性做了分析,提出了在需要做无功功率调整时风电机组应能满足的特殊要求。     

New energy power generation-wind power generation

This paper introduced the status quo of wind power and wind power generation technology. Focusing on the introduction of wind power generating system ibrational self-consistent field（VSCF）, program implementation included Alternating Current （AC）-Direct Current （DC）-AC conversion system, magnetic field modulation generator system, doubly-fed generator system etc. Among these, doubly-fed generator system is the trend. Where to build the wind farm is very important, so a perfect site is needed. Wind power generation will have a bright future. As long as the wind power can be linked to the grid in large scale.     

Output power control for large wind power penetration in small power system

Nowadays, wind turbine generator (WTG) is increasingly required to provide control capabilities regarding output power. Under this scenario, this paper proposes an output power control of WTG using pitch angle control connected to small power systems. By means of the proposed method, output power control of WTG considering states of power system becomes possible, and in general both conflicting objectives of output power leveling and acquisition power increase are achieved. In this control approach, WTG is given output power command by fuzzy reasoning which has three inputs for average wind speed, variance of wind speed, and absolute average of frequency deviation. Since fuzzy reasoning is used, it is possible to define output power command corresponding to wind speed condition and changing capacity of power system momentarily. Moreover, high performance pitch angle control based on output power command is achieved by generalized predictive control (GPC). The simulation results by using actual detailed model for wind power system show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Output power variations with solar power satellites

The first comprehensive evaluation of output power variations expected from Solar Power Satellites is presented. The various factors are classified in a two tier manner as: deterministic (either periodic or non-periodic) and statistical (either constant with system life or changing with life). The largest variations are due to seasonal periodic factors, namely variations in the solar constant (± 3.3 per cent) and a solar illumination variation with the photovoltaic array held perpendicular to the orbit plane (± 4.2 per cent). Other key factors delineated which are being quantified presently include power reductions due to microwave power tube failure and silicon solar cell radiation damage, while multiple shadowing of adjacent power stations in geosynchronous orbit and rectenna structural factors and combining efficiency variations are representative of areas that need further study.     

Microthermophotovoltaic power generator with high power density

A promising energy source for portable MEMS devices, microthermophotovoltaic (micro-TPV) power generator, is described in this paper. The system mainly consists of a micro SiC combustor, and a GaSb photovoltaic (PV) cell array and a simple nine-layer dielectric filter, with a volume of about 3.1 cm³. When the flow rate of H₂ is 4.2 g/h, and H₂/O₂ ratio is 0.7, the system is able to deliver 3.06 W electrical power, the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current are 2.31 V and 1.74 A, respectively, the result is a power density of about 1.0 W/cm³ (1 MW/m³). The effect of all kinds of factors on the performance of the micro-TPV system is also discussed in this paper.     

Wind power and market power in competitive markets

Average market prices for intermittent generation technologies are lower than for conventional generation. This has a technical reason but can be exaggerated in the presence of market power. When there is much wind smaller amounts of conventional generation technologies are required, and prices are lower, while at times of little wind prices are higher. This effect reflects the value of different generation technologies to the system. But under conditions of market power, conventional generators with market power can further depress the prices if they have to buy back energy at times of large wind output and can increase prices if they have to sell additional power at times of little wind output. This greatly exaggerates the effect. Forward contracting does not reduce the effect. An important consequence is that allowing market power profit margins as a support mechanism for generation capacity investment is not a technologically neutral policy.     

A hybrid power source for pulse power applications

Portable 12 V power supplies are used extensively for communications and power tool applications. These devices demand fast response times of the power supply. Fuel cells are generally best suited to continuous power applications and require an initial warm-up period, although they offer the prospect of increased operational duration over a battery for a given weight of portable system. This paper investigates the combination of specific energy performance from the fuel cell system with the specific power and response time of the battery. Two separate hybrid systems have been developed and tested; a planar, 20-cell, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack together with either a lead–acid or nickel/cadmium battery; and a conventional 20-cell, bipolar, PEMFC stack. Both systems have been tested under pulse-load conditions at temperatures between −20°C and +40°C, and for comparison, the individual components have undergone similar tests. The hybrid systems have successfully operated continuously for several weeks under load profiles that the fuel cell alone could not sustain.     

Got power? [power engineers recruitment]

This paper discusses the different factors that can help to ensure that the future demand for power engineers will be met. These factors include the articulation of a compelling mission, development of a comprehensive strategy, execution of supporting tactics, and demonstration of leadership.     

Modeling market power in Korea's emerging power market

The Korean power market is being formed from the unbundled generation, transmission and distribution assets of Korea Electric Power Corporation. The KEPCO generation has been allocated to six independent gencos with a combined generating capacity of 46,629 MW in 2002. This gave an 11% margin over the peak load that year (41,921 MW).