地铁站台系统的热环境及废热回收

本文对哈尔滨地铁站台环境温度变化、热负荷产生的原因进行了分析预测,分析得出列车运行和新风负荷所占比例最大。选择地铁站台空气调节计算参数后,计算了地铁站台的逐时热负荷,定量描述吸气、排气和站台壁面温度变化,其结果显示：站台排气温度和站台壁面温度逐年上升。地铁可回收废热量的计算结果可为废热回收系统提供依据。     

废旧有机玻璃再生利用行业环境影响评价要点分析

根据废旧有机玻璃再生利用行业污染现状、生产工艺及产污环节分析,阐述了废旧有机玻璃再生利用行业环境影响评价的重点是工程分析、评价标准的确定、污染防治措施及风险评价,对废旧有机玻璃再生利用行业环境影响评价具有重要的参考价值。     

高速列车镀膜有机中空玻璃传热模拟研究

随着高速列车的飞速发展,列车的能耗不断上升,列车节能的需求也越来越迫切,车窗玻璃作为列车大量使用的材料,要求具有良好的视觉性能、安全性能、节能性能和环保性能。本文从宏观的角度分析了纳米透明隔热镀膜的隔热原理,介绍了影响玻璃系统传热的遮阳系数和U值的计算方法,并使用WINDOW7. 1软件根据条件对无镀膜有机中空玻璃、不同镀膜层中空有机玻璃5种情况进行U值计算;对不同气体间隔层厚度的有机中空玻璃进行U值分析;对不同填充气体(空气,氩气,氪气)中空有机玻璃进行U值比较。得出镀膜有机中空玻璃,镀膜位置在内层玻璃内部,中空腔为15 mm且中空处填充氪气时,此时的U值最小,列车的隔热保温效果最佳,节能效果比较显著。     

风电机组混合塔架结构阻尼比的研究

混合塔架作为风电机组广泛应用的一种高塔架形式,其结构模态阻尼比精度对塔架载荷和成本有着重要影响。基于以材料阻尼比作为输入求解风电机组混合塔架结构阻尼比的有限元分析方法,计算出140 m混合塔架第1阶模态阻尼比为0.96%。为验证该方法的正确性,通过测量阻尼性能差异较大的有机玻璃单件、钢板单件的材料阻尼比,以及有机玻璃与钢板组件的模态阻尼比,以测量的材料阻尼比作为输入开展了有机玻璃与钢板组件模态阻尼比的有限元分析。有限元求解与试验测试的1阶模态阻尼比结果分别为0.570%和0.589%,两者相差3.33%。结果表明,以材料阻尼比作为输入计算混合塔架模态阻尼比的有限元分析方法是正确的。     

内燃机用大流量油滤器测试系统研制

本文介绍了内燃机用油滤器测试系统的研发及相关技术应用与创新,论述了大流量油滤试验的测试原理和测控方法。使用自主研发的大流量调节阀门和人工参与的智能测控系统进行滤芯和总成的各工况性能试验,实现精确调控下的大流量流体测试,获得油滤工作流量与压力降的动态试验数据并进行相关性能分析。     

铁路客运站站台照明自动控制节电系统

通过对铁路客运站站台照明特点的分析，提出利用现代电子技术来自动控制照明的方案，并对方案进行了系统化的论证。以在太原站的应用实例为依据，说明站台自动照明控制系统方采合理、技术先进、效益明显，是解决客运站站台照明最有效的节能手段。     

汽车发动机气门损坏原因及改进措施

汽车工业的不断发展,对汽车发动机的要求也越来越严。汽车发动机进、排气门在高温的转化腐蚀性气氛中承受反复冲击负荷;要求气门在高速、高温等苛刻的工作条件下具有良好的耐高温、耐腐蚀性、耐磨损等良好的耐久性。现就气门在使用中的损坏原因及改进措施与大家进行探讨。1进、排气门的故障 进、排气门的工作条件是复杂多变的,大型机、小型机、汽油机、柴油机等各不相同,所以对进、排气门性能的要求也很不一致。 进、排气门设计的好坏,直接影响内燃机的功率和性能,为了提高气门的性能,不仅要对气门的形状,材料加工工艺等诸方面进行分析研究,而且要对气门的有关其它零件（如阀座、气缸盖、气门导管、气门弹簧和驱动机构的凸轮以及影响气门工作温度的冷却机构等）作细致的研究。因为气门的损坏往往起因于与气门相关的零件。图1示出了气门各部分名称     

新型排烟模式下地铁气流组织模拟研究

地铁车站的排烟系统对于站内人员安全有重要意义。《地铁设计防火标准》GB51298-2018要求车站站台采用新的排烟模式。基于以上要求,本文重新设计了地铁车站站台公共区的排烟系统,并对该地铁站进行整体气流组织仿真研究。针对站台公共区发生火灾情况,分别研究了仅利用公共区排烟风机排烟与综合利用排烟风机和隧道排热风机共同排烟两种模式下地铁车站内的气流分布情况。设计了三种排烟风口布置模式,研究其在火灾时对于地铁站气流组织的影响,研究结果表明,方案B具有良好的适用性。此研究可为地铁车站在《地铁设计防火标准》下的排烟系统设计提供参考。     

旋转扇形流量调节门的研制及其在风机性能测试中的应用

本文介绍了一种新的流量调节门——旋转扇形流量调节门的设计原理和结构。它已用于离心风机的性能测试中,代替了通常的贴纸片法,使风机性能测试自动化成为可能。     

柴油机性能优化计算及分析

利用GT-POWER建立了柴油机计算模型,通过试验验证了模型的正确性。以降低柴油机的燃油耗率为目标,从压缩比、配气相位和供油提前角三个方面,对柴油机标定工况进行性能优化,并对2气门和4气门两种结构柴油机的性能进行了分析、对比。     

PSD在汽轮机轴承振动测量中的研究

介绍了一种测量汽轮机轴承振动的新方法.它是在汽轮机轴承的垂直、水平和轴向3个位置的表面各贴一个反光物质,当激光器发出的光线照射在反光物质并反射到某个平面上两个相互垂直的敏感传感器(简称PSD)时,从PSD传感器的检测电路就能输出轴承表面的振动波形,然后利用比较器从3个方向的振动位移选取一个最大值,当最大值超过汽轮机的轴承位移的规定值时,汽轮机跳闸停机并报警.另外,还着重介绍了PSD的测量原理、检测电路等.最后介绍了利用PSD测量汽轮机的轴承振动的优点,这为以后研究汽轮机轴承振动的测量提供了一种新的思路.     

Luminescent solar concentrators—A review

A review of the development and an analysis of the principles of operation of Luminescent Solar Concentrator (LSC) devices is presented. State-of-the-art organic systems are described. The theory of volume-dispersed dye systems is discussed, and a new calculation describing the operation of thin-film dye solid solution systems on undoped substrates is presented. Experimental power conversion efficiencies ranging up to 4.5 per cent, air-mass one (AM1), for organic dye thin-film systems are reported, and limitations of organic devices including photodegradation and loss mechanisms are described. Inorganic luminescent species in glass systems are described and are noted to have low luminescent efficiencies at concentrations high enough to collect a substantial fraction of solar photons. Proposals to increase these efficiencies by establishing higher ligand-field symmetry of transition metalions in inorganic host systems are advanced. LSC cost estimates including balance-of-systems costs are discussed, and expectations for the development of stable, inexpensive and efficient LSC devices are justified.     

Anodic bonding of activated tin solder alloys in the liquid state: A novel large-area hermetic glass sealing method

A new variant of the anodic bonding technique (ALTSAB: Activated Liquid Tin Solder Anodic Bonding) is described, which offers a number of advantages for direct glass to metal sealing over conventional methods. It employs a tin solder alloy containing an activating metal which is anodically bonded to alkali rich glass substrates in the liquid state. Two different test specimens were fabricated and characterized under vacuum at a pressure of 5×10⁻⁴ mbar and a bonding temperature of 300 °C and compared with standard Al/glass anodic bonds. The ability to fabricate dual interface bonds of good quality and high shear strength >16 MPa by the ALTSAB method was demonstrated. With the sealant metal in the liquid state, this methodology promises superior surface adaptation and therefore joint performance when compared with the standard anodic bonding. More importantly, there is no need for premetallization or surface pretreatment of the glass substrates, and unlike in conventional anodic bonding, there is no need for mechanically loading the joining assembly. Wetting of the float glass substrates by the activated solder alloy SnAl0.6 after successful anodic bonding was confirmed by optical microscopy. The enrichment of the activating element Al at the bonding interface was confirmed by SEM and EDS element mapping. The methodology presented here shows great promise for various large-area sealing applications, particularly vacuum glazing, thin film and organic PV and OLED technology.     

地铁屏蔽门环控系统的能耗分析

简介地铁车站三种环控模式,以某地铁车站为例,对屏蔽门系统的负荷组成及车站区间排热风机穴UPE/OTE风机雪与区间隧道机械风机穴TVF风机雪的能耗进行定量分析,并对屏蔽门系统和闭式、开式系统进行负荷与能耗的比较,分析表明屏蔽门系统具有较高的节能性和舒适性。     

Encapsulation of polymer photovoltaic prototypes

A simple and efficient method for the encapsulation of polymer and organic photovoltaic prototypes is presented. The method employs device preparation on glass substrates with subsequent sealing using glass fiber reinforced thermosetting epoxy (prepreg) against a back plate. The method allows for transporting oxygen and water sensitive devices outside a glove box environment after sealing and enables sharing of devices between research groups such that efficiency and stability can be evaluated in different laboratories.     

ITO-free flexible inverted organic solar cell modules with high fill factor prepared by slot die coating

We report on the fabrication of inverted ITO-free P3HT:PCBM solar cell modules on glass and PET foil as substrate where the organic functional layers are deposited with slot die coating, a reel to reel compatible coating technique. The active layers have been processed in ambient atmosphere, which will be of advantage in a future production and is especially remarkable as the metallic cathode is already deposited on the substrate at this stage of fabrication. The modules comprise two busses of 11 cell elements connected in series each. The series connection leads to an open circuit voltage of up to 6.88 V on glass substrate, which translates to 625 mV per cell element, a very competitive value for P3HT:PCBM based solar cells on glass. Although the designated area is as large as 41 cm² and the active area 26.4 cm², we obtain fill factors of up to 65% for these modules, which again is a typical value for small area laboratory cells. Remarkably the values for PET foil as substrate with an open circuit voltage of 6.5 V and a fill factor of 64% are very close to the results on glass and to our knowledge the highest fill factors for flexible organic solar cells, even if compared to small area devices. The short circuit current densities and therefore efficiencies are also comparable to small area devices, if only the photoactive area is accounted for. Therefore we have demonstrated that the scale up of organic solar cells can be achieved with a suited circuitry scheme.     

加热板液滴蒸发的理论分析及实验研究

液滴蒸发是由气-液浓度差驱动的一种常见而复杂的扩散现象。通过实验与理论相结合对去离子水在玻璃表面和有机硅油表面的蒸发特性进行研究,测量了液滴接触角和接触直径随时间的动态演变过程。结果发现:玻璃表面的液滴蒸发为典型的定底半径模式和混合模式;而液滴在有机硅油表面较为特殊,除了定底半径模式和混合模式还有周期性的黏滑模式。出现黏滑现象是由于实际表面的非光滑性,三相接触线存在摩擦力。当摩擦力最大时,接触角继续减小,液滴接触角增大,三相接触线收缩。     

Effect of compression on pore size distribution and porosity of PEM fuel cell catalyst layers

In this study, effects of compression (up to 5 MPa) on pore size distribution (PSD) and porosity of catalyst layers (CL) are investigated using a developed model for deformation of CL under compression. The model is based on effective medium theory and uses a representative geometry (unit cell) to simplify the complex and random porous structure of CL. In this model, different sizes are found for unit cells which are based on CL PSD measurement; this means that unit cell size has distribution since PSD is used as an input to the model. The model has been validated with experimental data in our previous publications. Effect of compression on four different CL samples is studied using the developed model and change of pore diameter is found as function of compression. The change of pore size is different for each sample and dependents on CL initial porosity, PSD, and ink properties. PSD and porosity, which are the indications of microstructure of CL, are found after compression up to 5 MPa. Larger pores show the most change, which causes the void volume percentage of smaller pores to increase, even though the number of pores remain the same. It is also found that the diameter of secondary pores can be decreased by up to 50% depending on CL microstructure, which is significant.     

倾斜下降管内气-液两相流流型PSD特征

气液两相流的流型对其流动和传热特性有很大影响，所以如何确定流型一直是两相流研究中的重要课题。对倾斜下降管内气液两相流流型的鉴别进行了实验研究。结果发现：利用压差的时域信号和信号的功率谱密度函数(PSD)，可以客观地判别流型。     

节能玻璃的研究进展

节能玻璃作为一种新型的功能玻璃,是建筑节能的关键材料,在21世纪将有广泛的应用与发展。本文主要概述了建筑节能玻璃的种类及其基本原理,介绍了国内外节能玻璃的最新研究进展,并指出了发展节能玻璃的重要性。