基于策略驱动的混合能源微电网动态调度

针对混合能源微电网动态调度优化问题,提出基于多模式调度策略和调度激励相结合的策略驱动优化调度方法,以实现储能单元与外部电网功率互补,优化电源出力。首先,综合考虑混合能源微电网基本结构,建立微电网模型,基于爬坡功率、发电单元出力、能量守恒等约束条件,提出运行成本和环境整治成本最小的目标函数;其次,在成功经验和专家知识的基础上,结合调度激励机制提出微电网调度策略驱动模型;最后,通过Matlab仿真及算法对比表明,该优化算法具有收敛速度快、局部与全局的搜索能力强等特点。     

考虑需求侧管理的光伏微电网多目标优化调度方法

针对考虑需求侧管理(DSM)的光伏微电网优化调度问题开展研究。首先,在对典型光伏微电网结构和运行状态进行简要分析的基础上,以系统总运行费用和储能循环电量最小为目标,综合考虑功率平衡、储能系统荷电状态(SOC)、负荷可转移的时间范围等约束条件,建立在分时电价和DSM机制下的光伏微电网多目标优化模型;其次,针对模型具有多目标、多约束和非线性等特点,提出基于非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)的优化求解策略。最后,在Matlab平台上对不同场景下的具体算例进行仿真分析,获得光伏微电网优化调度问题的多组Pareto最优解集。通过分析不同日照条件下的典型调度方案,验证优化模型的合理性和有效性。     

计及天然气压力能的微电网储荷协调优化调度

为解决天然气输送过程中压力能的浪费问题,提高天然气能源利用率,提出将天然气压力能发电系统引入至微电网整体调度方案中。针对天然气压力能发电系统中前后端口的补热需要,将微电网中的风冷热泵补热系统与压力能发电系统进行耦合。考虑到由天然气管网中流量波动和环境因素造成的压力能出力波动问题,提出微电网储荷一体化协调优化方案,以确保系统高效稳定运行。基于上述内容,构建考虑可控电源出力成本、储能调度成本、微电网与配电网的交互成本和负荷调度成本的微电网优化调度模型,并采用Yalmip工具包编写优化调度程序。最后,通过对西南地区某调压站数据进行仿真,验证该方案的可行性与经济性。     

考虑随机性的微电网日前调度与储能优化模型

针对微电网中可再生能源发电的随机性,以运行成本最小为优化目标,建立了微电网日前调度和储能优化的调度模型。首先,分别对传统发电机组和储能系统建立了确定性模型,并对可再生能源发电机组建立随机模型。然后,考虑到可再生能源发电机组的线性成本函数和传统发电机组的二次成本函数,并结合功率平衡和功率交换限制等约束条件建立了优化模型。通过不同成本函数的可再生能源发电机组和传统发电机进行了仿真。结果表明,该模型可以获得最优调度结果,同时实现储能电池的最优储能。     

分时电价机制下采用改进鸟群算法的微电网运行优化

针对微电网经济环保多目标优化调度以及传统智能算法易陷入局部最优和早熟收敛的问题,利用二元对比定权法将经济环保多目标转化为单目标优化模型,提出了在分时电价机制下含蓄电池充放电的微电网优化调度策略,并采用一种新型的以鸟类觅食、警惕和飞行行为为依据的基于Levy飞行策略的自适应改进鸟群算法(LSABSA),同时利用5个典型测试函数对LSABSA、鸟群算法(BSA)、粒子群(PSO)和改进粒子群算法(GPSO)进行仿真对比分析,验证了LSABSA算法的优越性。最后,以包含冷、电负荷的夏季典型日微电网系统作为算例,采用LSABSA算法对经济、环保和多目标模型进行仿真,结果表明了改进算法的可行性以及多目标优化的有效性。     

需求侧管理参与的孤岛型微电网多目标优化调度

分析了MG中分布式电源的功率特性和需求侧响应的基本理论与相关政策,并建立了DG的数学模型和基于负荷分类的DR模型;综合考虑微源的出力成本、需求侧管理成本和环境治理费用,建立了考虑需求侧管理的多目标微电网优化调度模型,引入不同的孤岛微电网运行评价指标评价DR对微电网经济性、环保性以及可靠性的影响,并选择不同的场景分析验证。采用改进粒子群算法优化外点法对规划问题进行求解,在将约束条件纳入目标函数的同时,尽可能避免求解规划时陷入局部极值的问题。算例分析表明,通过考虑需求侧管理,可以增加可再生能源的消纳,减轻负荷高峰时段的供电压力,缓解孤岛系统供电不足的问题,并有效提高微电网的整体效益。     

计及蓄电池使用寿命的热电联供型微电网经济优化

热电联供型微电网与当前能源互联网发展联系紧密,具有经济、节能、环保等优点。为了使热电联供系统的经济模型计算更加精确,文章在微电网经济调度优化模型中,考虑了蓄电池充放电深度和荷电状态SOC对蓄电池寿命的影响,利用加权吞吐量法计算其运行成本,建立了含风电机组、光伏电池、储能系统、燃料电池、空调机以及热电联供的并网型微电网系统的日运行成本优化模型,采用改进型遗传算法优化各微源出力,使其日运行成本最小。通过仿真算例,验证了考虑蓄电池使用寿命的微电网运行成本模型更符合实际运行工况。     

基于CDOA算法的配电网弹性提升方法

近年来频繁的极端灾害对电力系统的稳定运行提出新的挑战。将大型船舶微电网系统集成到配电网中以提高沿海地区或岛屿配电网的弹性和可靠性,提出一种考虑船舶微电网系统的配电网弹性提升方法。在建立最小化船舶微电网系统与配电网的总运行成本的同时,最大化配电网弹性的多目标优化模型;针对不同的系统分别构建船舶微电网系统与配电网系统的约束条件;为了克服模型求解的复杂性和非线性,采用集体决策优化算法（collective decision optimization algorithm, CDOA）对所提模型进行求解。仿真结果表明,在正常情况下,协调调度移动式船舶微电网系统可以提高网络的可靠性,而在极端灾害发生时,通过合理调度船舶微电网系统可以显著提高配电网的弹性,补偿灾后条件下的大量电力。     

面向提高微网中分布式电源配置的电力优化模型

针对微电网中分布式电源优化配置问题,文章从经济性、环保性和电能质量的角度,将电压偏差、线路损耗、经济成本和碳排放目标两两组合作为优化目标,以微电网系统的供电可靠性为约束条件,建立了微电网中分布式电源优化配置模型。在传统NSGAⅡ算法的基础上,提出了一种改进的NSGAⅡ算法用于求解含约束的多目标优化模型。通过仿真,验证了优化模型和改进算法是合理有效的。     

基于改进蚁群算法的微电网多目标模糊优化运行

针对微网运行中存在光伏、风电等间歇性分布式电源的情况,建立基于机会约束规划的微电网系统动态经济调度模型,模型具有混合整数规划的结构。同时建立综合考虑微网运行的总成本以及污染气体总排放量的多目标优化运行模型,将减少运行成本、减少污染气体的排放量作为子目标函数,利用模糊处理构造各个目标的隶属度函数,接着采用最大满意度指标法将多目标问题转化为单目标的非线性问题。在求解单目标模型时采用改进蚁群算法,仿真结果验证了所提模型和算法的有效性。     

Optimal economic-emission performance of fuel cell/CHP/storage based microgrid

In this paper, optimal heat and power dispatch of the fuel cell (FC) and combined heat and power (CHP) based microgrid (MG) in grid-connected mode is studied in the presence of demand response program (DRP). Considering cost and emission minimization has turned this study to a multi-objective problem. Multiple generating and storing units such as FC, CHP, power-only unit, boiler, battery storage system, and heat buffer tank are considered in investigated MG. Also, demand response program has been modeled, and the effects of such programs on the load profile have been discussed. The DRP transfers some amount of load from peak periods to other periods which flats the load curve and minimizes total cost and emission of the MG. To solve the multi-objective optimization problem, the Pareto solutions are generated by using the compromising programming, then, optimal solution is chosen by implementing the fuzzy satisfying approach. In comparison with other methods, the proposed method has reduced the set of efficient solutions to a more reasonable size without demanding any information about the decision making parameters. Finally, the problem is solved in two cases as with and without DRP to clarify the impact of DRP on MG scheduling.     

含复合储能的冷热电联供系统多目标运行优化研究

冷热电联供（combined cooling, heating and power, CCHP）系统是分布式能源系统发展的主流趋势,针对CCHP系统的能量调度问题,提出了储电、储热相结合的复合储能技术;为实现CCHP系统的运行优化控制,建立了CCHP系统拓扑架构、系统模型、多目标函数及约束条件,采用线性加权和法将多目标函数转化为单目标函数,利用遗传算法进行优化求解,并与不含复合储能的CCHP系统进行对比分析。结果表明：将复合储能引入CCHP系统,能有效降低系统运行成本和一次能源消耗量,提高系统节能率和削峰填谷能力,为CCHP系统的优化运行策略提供了较好的参考方法。     

基于风-光-蓄-火联合发电系统的多目标优化调度

针对风电、光伏出力的随机性、间歇性和波动性而导致其在大规模接入电网时对电网发电计划制定和调度产生的影响,提出了含风-光-蓄-火联合发电系统的多目标优化调度模型。利用抽水蓄能的抽蓄特性,将风电和光伏出力进行时空平移,使风-光-蓄联合出力转变为稳定可调度电源,具备削峰填谷的功能,与火电机组共同参与系统优化调度。以风-光-蓄联合出力最大、广义负荷波动最小和火电机组运行成本最小作为目标函数,建立多目标优化调度模型,通过多目标处理策略,使目标函数简化为2个,以降低问题维数;在求解阶段,利用分层求解思想,将模型划分为两层,分别采用混合整数规划方法和机组组合优化方法进行求解。10机测试系统仿真结果表明：所建模型可以提高风能和太阳能的利用率,缓解火电机组的调峰压力,大幅降低风电反调峰特性对电网的影响,从而保证电力系统安全、稳定、经济运行。     

A new technique for solving the multi-objective optimization problem using hybrid approach

Energy efficiency, which consists of using less energy or improving the level of service to energy consumers, refers to an effective way to provide overall energy. But its increasing pressure on the energy sector to control greenhouse gases and to reduce CO₂ emissions forced the power system operators to consider the emission problem as a consequential matter besides the economic problems. The economic power dispatch problem has, therefore, become a multi-objective optimization problem. Fuel cost, pollutant emissions, and system loss should be minimized simultaneously while satisfying certain system constraints. To achieve a good design with different solutions in a multi-objective optimization problem, fuel cost and pollutant emissions are converted into single optimization problem by introducing penalty factor. Now the power dispatch is formulated into a bi-objective optimization problem, two objectives with two algorithms, firefly algorithm for optimization the fuel cost, pollutant emissions and the real genetic algorithm for minimization of the transmission losses. In this paper the new approach (firefly algorithm-real genetic algorithm, FFA-RGA) has been applied to the standard IEEE 30-bus 6-generator. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by comparing its performance with other evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithms. Simulation results show the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.     

Hybrid optimization algorithm for modeling and management of micro grid connected system

In this paper, a hybrid optimization algorithm is proposed for modeling and managing the micro grid (MG) system. The management of distributed energy sources with MG is a multi-objective problem which consists of wind turbine (WT), photovoltaic (PV) array, fuel cell (FC), micro turbine (MT) and diesel generator (DG). Because, perfect economic model of energy source of the MG units are needed to describe the operating cost of the output power generated, the objective of the hybrid model is to minimize the fuel cost of the MG sources such as FC, MT and DG. The problem formulation takes into consideration the optimal configuration of the MG at a minimum fuel cost, operation and maintenance costs as well as emissions reduction. Here, the hybrid algorithm is obtained as artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, which is used in two stages. The first stage of the ABC gets the optimal MG configuration at a minimum fuel cost for the required load demand. From the minimized fuel cost functions, the operation and maintenance cost as well as the emission is reduced using the second stage of the ABC. The proposed method is implemented in the Matlab/Simulink platform and its effectiveness is analyzed by comparing with existing techniques. The comparison demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach and confirms its potential to solve the problem.     

基于频谱功率分配的微电网微源容量优化配置

光伏等新能源发电具有波动性,将其与可控发电装置或储能等可控微源相结合以微电网的形式发电,可减小功率波动对电网的影响。针对含光伏的独立型微电网,对其中微燃机和储能进行协调容量优化配置,通过对微电网的净负荷进行频谱分析,并考虑微燃机与储能对负荷波动的响应特性,利用优化频域分频点的方法确定微燃机与储能的功率分配策略,根据此功率分配策略,计及储能和微燃机的运维成本及储能的循环使用寿命,将分频点和电源容量作为优化变量,建立了以年综合成本最小为目标的双层优化配置模型。算例结果表明,合理的分频点可使储能与微燃机的容量配置更为经济,并可提高储能的循环使用寿命和降低微燃机的运行成本。     

孤岛运行模式下的微网经济负荷分配

研究了微网孤岛运行模式下的经济负荷分配问题,即在满足系统约束条件下如何优化微网中各微电源的出力,使微网的目标成本最小.建立了微网孤岛运行模式的经济负荷分配数学模型,然后采用改进粒子群优化算法对微网的经济负荷分配进行了研究.最后通过算例验证了数学模型与优化算法的正确性与自效性.     

Development of an optimization model for the feasibility analysis of hydrogen application as energy storage system in microgrids

Hydrogen can be used as an Energy Storage System (ESS) in a microgrid allowing to store surplus generation of variable renewable sources for later use. Research in the area mainly refers to the sizing of the components, however few studies evaluate the optimal technology selection and operation of microgrids using hydrogen as ESS. In this work, a model to determines optimal selection and to dispatch of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) allowing to evaluate the viability of hydrogen application as ESS in a microgrid is developed. The model is implemented in GAMS, using mixed integer linear programming, and applied in a hypothetical microgrid using as input data load profiles and commercial data available in literature. The results indicate the economical and environmental benefits of DER adoption, but the currently high investment costs make it infeasible to adopt hydrogen into a microgrid. However, when considering environmental costs and market prospects, the adoption of this technology became a good alternative, improving the energy management and reducing the total annual cost of the microgrid by 14.1%.     

Fair electricity transfer price and unit capacity selection for microgrids

Microgrids are defined as an area of electricity distribution network that can operate autonomously from the rest of the network. In order to achieve the best economic outcomes, the participants in a microgrid can benefit from cooperation in microgrid design and operation. In this paper, a mathematical programming formulation is presented for fair, optimised cost distribution amongst participants in a general microgrid. The proposed formulation is based on the Game-theory Nash bargaining solution approach for finding optimal multi-partner cost levels subject to given upper bounds on the equivalent annual costs. The microgrid planning problem concerning the fair electricity transfer price and unit capacity selection is first formulated as a mixed integer non-linear programming model. Then, a separable programming approach is applied to reform the resulting mixed integer non-linear programming model to a mixed integer linear programming form. The model is applied to a case study with a microgrid involving five participants.