高压甲烷气体碰壁射流扩散与卷吸特性的试验

在定容装置上利用高速摄影纹影法开展了不同冲击高度和冲击角度下的甲烷高压碰壁射流扩散和卷吸特性试验.通过纹影照片得到了不同冲击高度和冲击角度下的射流贯穿距离随时间变化的规律,计算得到了射流卷吸空气质量随时间变化的规律.结果表明:碰壁射流发展分两个阶段,碰壁之前贯穿距离和卷吸空气质量与自由射流基本相同;碰壁之后,由于壁面阻力的作用,其贯穿距离和卷吸空气质量的增加速率低于自由射流.随着冲击高度的增加,碰壁射流贯穿距离和卷吸空气质量增大;随着冲击角度的减小,碰壁射流贯穿距离和卷吸空气质量增大.最后对Poreh碰壁射流贯穿距离和卷吸空气质量经验公式进行修改,使其适用于一般碰壁射流贯穿距离和卷吸空气质量的特性计算.     

柴油喷雾撞壁混合过程的研究

对柴油喷雾平板撞壁过程进行了研究。表明柴油从喷孔喷出后很快达到壁面，在壁面形成壁面射流，这一部分燃油不能充分与燃烧室中的空气混合。在燃烧室壁面上加上限流沿后，发现壁面射流在遇到限流沿后从壁面剥离，在空间形成二次射流。增大限流沿的高度会增大二次射流角，而二次射流锥角没有明显的变化；增大二次撞壁距离会减小二次射流角，而二次射流锥角变化不大；喷油压力的变化只是改变燃油的撞壁时刻和喷雾贯穿距，对二次射流角和二次射流锥角的影响不大。由此可以看出，通过调整BUMP的高度和二次撞壁距离等对二次射流影响较大的参数，可以控制燃油在空间的分布，实现可控燃油混合气的形成。     

高压喷射下自由射流和受限碰壁喷雾特性的试验研究

本文利用激光纹影高速摄影技术，在常温定容弹装置上，研究了直喷式柴油机油泵－油管－油嘴供油系统在喷油压力为６０ＭＰａ～１００ＭＰａ时，喷孔直径、环境密度和壁面温度对自由射流和受限碰壁喷注的影响。     

高压喷射下自由射流和受限碰撞喷雾特性的试验研究

本利用激光纹影高速摄影技术，在常温定容弹装置上，研究了直喷式柴油机油泵－油嘴供油系统在喷油坟力为６０ＭＰａ～１００ＭＰａ时，喷孔直径，环境密度和壁面温度对自由射流和受限碰壁喷注的影响。     

直喷式柴油机燃油喷雾碰壁与空气卷吸模型的研究

本文提出了一个适合在准维模型中使用的直喷式柴油机喷雾碰壁与空气卷吸的数学模型。采用紊流射流理论推出了新的壁面射流计算公式,并在正确描述喷注贯穿的基础上建立了有涡流作用的空气卷吸模型。该研究结果用于准维模型的理论计算与实测结果吻合很好,证明了模型的实用性。     

直喷式柴油机燃油喷雾碰壁与空气卷吸模型的研究

本文提出一个适合在准维模型中使用的直喷式柴渍机喷雾碰壁与空气卷吸的数学模型。采用紊流射以理论推出新的壁面射流计算公式，并在正确描述喷注贯穿的基础上建立了有涡流作用的空气卷吸模型。该研究结果用于准维模型的理论计算与实测结果吻合很好，证明阳模型的实用性。     

TRB燃烧系统喷雾半壁射流混合的三维数值模拟

为了优化小型柴油机油气混合过程,发展了一种新型的丰田反射燃烧系统。在燃烧室壁面形状和燃油喷雾碰壁相匹配的研究基础上,应用一个包含喷雾碰壁模型的内燃机缸内气体流动和燃油喷雾混合的大型微机化软件包ＧＦＦＳＭ,进行了缸内气体流动和双喷孔柴油喷雾半壁射流混合过程的三维数值模拟计算,以分析ＴＲＢ燃烧系统提高发动机性能、减少排气污染的原因     

网格分辨率与射流分裂雾化模型对柴油喷雾影响的仿真研究

基于数值模拟方法,研究了网格分辨率、时间步长和不同的射流分裂雾化模型对柴油喷雾的影响。研究表明：网格的尺寸对柴油喷雾贯穿距离和SMD的影响较为显著;当径向网格为喷孔直径的3倍时,其贯穿距离的变化趋势与实验数值基本接近,能较好地预测试验结果,径向网格越密,油束的贯穿距离越大,SMD也越大;随着轴向网格尺寸的变大,贯穿距离增大,SMD减小;随着时间步长的变化,贯穿距离不呈规律性的变化趋势,仿真计算的贯穿距离不断逼近于实验值;对于不同的射流分裂雾化模型,KH—RT模型考虑了液滴的二次雾化,因此其雾化液滴最小,贯穿距离也相对较小,SMD的数值也较小。     

直喷内燃机高压喷雾碰壁模型的开发

基于低压和高压喷雾碰壁后液滴运动形态的差异,分析了现有喷雾碰壁模型在模拟高压喷雾时的不足,提出了针对高压喷雾碰壁模拟的数值模型.该模型基于柴油喷雾碰壁的试验数据,并引入了壁面射流理论来估计靠近壁面的气相速度.针对高压喷雾碰壁后壁面喷雾的运动特点,增加了液滴升力的计算.通过与柴油喷雾碰壁试验进行对比,结果表明:新模型对高压喷雾碰壁液滴运动轨迹的计算更准确,并成功地再现了壁面喷雾前端的涡旋.此外,新模型的网格依赖性也被极大地降低.与传统喷雾碰壁模型相比,新模型更适合直喷发动机中的喷雾碰壁模拟,具有很强的工程实用价值.     

三维横向紊动射流流场结构的数值分析

对横向紊动射流流场结构、流动机理的研究具有重要的学术意义．同时对解决工程应用中存在的许多问题具有指导作用。利用RNG模型对横流中单股紊动射流流场的流动特性进行了数值模拟。运用SIMPLEC算法求解了适体坐标系下的控制方程．壁面函数法处理近壁区流动。得到了射流与主气流速度比为2和4的流场。结果表明：较大的射流速度对主气流流场影响大；射流内部已形成明显的反向涡旋对(CVP)；射流喷孔上游处出现了主气流向喷孔内部流动的趋势；射流喷孔背风侧存在尾迹区。图7表1参10     

CFD simulation of jet behaviour and voidage profile in a gas–solid fluidized bed

Based on an Eulerian–Eulerian approach, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model for gas–solid system has been developed to investigate the hydrodynamics in fluidized beds. With this model, jet penetration height, jet frequency, time‐averaged axial gas velocity profile, and time‐averaged voidage profile have been simulated in a two‐dimensional bed. The computational results indicate that the jet penetration height increases with increasing the jet gas velocity. The jet frequency decreases with increasing the jet gas velocity and decreasing particle diameter. The time‐averaged axial gas velocity profile becomes ‘lower’ and ‘wider’ and the time‐averaged voidage decreases with increasing distance from the jet nozzle. These conclusions appear in good agreement with the experimental and simulated data in the literature. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Design consideration for cross jet air mixing in municipal solid waste incinerators

In mass-burning municipal solid waste incinerators, overfire air injection plays a key role in the improvement of mixing and reaction between oxygen and incomplete combustion products and/or pollutants. However, the design parameters of overfire air nozzles are not well understood and sometimes confusing. In this paper, major design parameters concerning cross jet air nozzles are discussed along with flow simulation results for simplified furnace geometry. The overall performance of jet air mixing and the effects of design parameters are quantitatively evaluated. The flow simulation results are interpreted in terms of the penetration depth of the jet into the main flow, the size of the recirculation zone and the ratio of the unmixed portion of the gas flow. The momentum flux ratio J of the jet to the cross flow strongly affects the penetration depth of the jet and the mixing of two flow streams. As the inter-nozzle distance S (in non-dimensional form) decreases, the penetration depth decreases but the size of the recirculation zone increases and the resultant mixing deteriorates. The degree of mixing of the jet with the cross gas stream is evaluated in terms of the mass-averaged probability distribution of the relative concentration. Fresh air disperses more efficiently into the gas stream as J and S increase. The momentum flux ratio and the inter-nozzle distance are considered as important design parameters, and optimum values of these variables can be chosen for the given furnace conditions. This numerical evaluation also provides a basis for similarity considerations in cold flow model tests and the validity of the two-dimensional idealization. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Large eddy simulation of reacting flow in a hydrogen jet into supersonic cross-flow combustor with an inlet compression ramp

Large eddy simulation (LES) has been performed to investigate transverse hydrogen jet mixing and combustion process in a scramjet combustor model with a compression ramp at inlet to generate shock train. Partially Stirred Reactor (PaSR) sub-grid combustion model with a skeleton of 19 reactions and 9 species hydrogen/air reaction mechanism was used. The numerical solver is implemented in an Open Source Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFOAM) and validated against experimental data in terms of mean wall pressure. Effects of a shock train induced by the inlet compression ramp on the flame stabilization process are then studied. It can be observed that the interaction of the oblique shock and the jet mixing layer enhance the combustion and stabilize the flame. Symmetrical recirculation zone, which contributes to the flame anchoring of the supersonic transverse jet combustion, is observed in the near wall region of 10 < x/D < 20. The hydrogen fuel is transported from the center of jet plume to the near wall region on both sides of the central plane (z/D = 0) and thus intense combustion near the wall is observed due to the enhanced mixing and shock compression heating. Besides, the jet penetration in the reacting field is different from that in non-reacting case with the influence of the interaction between the reflected oblique shock and the jet shear layer on the windward side.     

Numerical Analysis of Jet Impingement Heat Transfer at High Jet Reynolds Number and Large Temperature Difference

Jet impingement heat transfer from a round gas jet to a flat wall was investigated numerically for a ratio of 2 between the jet inlet to wall distance and the jet inlet diameter. The influence of turbulence intensity at the jet inlet and choice of turbulence model on the wall heat transfer was investigated at a jet Reynolds number of 1.66 × 10⁵ and a temperature difference between jet inlet and wall of 1600 K. The focus was on the convective heat transfer contribution as thermal radiation was not included in the investigation. A considerable influence of the turbulence intensity at the jet inlet was observed in the stagnation region, where the wall heat flux increased by a factor of almost 3 when increasing the turbulence intensity from 1.5% to 10%. The choice of turbulence model also influenced the heat transfer predictions significantly, especially in the stagnation region, where differences of up to about 100% were observed. Furthermore, the variation in stagnation point heat transfer was examined for jet Reynolds numbers in the range from 1.10 × 10⁵ to 6.64 × 10⁵. Based on the investigations, a correlation is suggested between the stagnation point Nusselt number, the jet Reynolds number, and the turbulence intensity at the jet inlet for impinging jet flows at high jet Reynolds numbers.     

Numerical study of heat transfer by impinging jet with inlet temperature-field excitations using a pseudo-sinusoidal function

In this article, jet’s inlet temperature field is excited and the effect on heat transfer at the target wall after impingement is investigated. Jet’s inlet temperature is excited according to a clipped pseudo-sinusoidal function, which approaches a step-function shape. In all cases, jet’s Reynolds number based on bulk inlet velocity is 23,000 and a jet’s outlet-to-wall distance is 2. Jet is excited at two different amplitudes which are set as 36.2 and 4.76% of the bulk inlet temperature. Also the thermal field of jet is modulated with three different frequencies corresponding to the preferred mode of jet. All Simulations are done in ANSYS CFX using scale-adaptive-simulation model. It is found that amplitude of temperature field excitation is a major factor for improving the heat transfer. The fluid is air in all investigations.     

阵列射流冲击冷却换热系数的数值研究

采用数值模拟方法对冲击冷却的流动和传热过程进行了三维数值研究.特别研究了在冲击孔叉排方式下,相邻孔间距、冲击距离以及射流入口雷诺数对冲击表面冷却流动传热特性的影响规律.     

阵列射流冲击冷却流场与温度场的数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法对冲击冷却的流动和传热过程进行了三维数值研究。特别研究了在冲击孔叉排方式下,相邻孔间距、冲击距离以及射流入口雷诺数对冲击表面冷却流动传热特性的影响规律。     

Heat transfer characteristics of submerged jet impingement boiling of saturated FC-72

Global heat transfer characteristics of submerged jet impingement boiling of a highly wetting dielectric fluid (FC-72) on a heated copper surface are presented. The effect of variation of the jet exit Reynolds number (Re) on boiling incipience, fully developed nucleate boiling, and critical heat flux (CHF) are documented. The jet exit Re is varied by variations of the jet exit velocity and the jet nozzle diameter for a fixed surface diameter. High-speed visualization is used to supplement trends observed in the heat transfer data. Scenarios of low and high incipience wall superheat are identified, corresponding to partially or fully developed nucleate boiling condition upon initiation of boiling. For the high incipience wall superheat scenario, the time of spread of boiling activity over the heated surface during temperature overshoot is found to be inversely proportional to the wall superheat temperature at boiling incipience. The incipient boiling wall superheat temperature is found to be uncorrelated with jet Re and jet diameter. A cumulative probability distribution function is used to characterize the onset of boiling with wall superheat temperature. At a fixed Re, CHF increases with increasing jet velocity and with decreasing jet diameter, indicating that the jet kinetic energy is a key parameter in CHF enhancement. The CHF data are compared with available jet impingement CHF correlations from literature on free surface and confined jets. The free surface jet CHF correlation by Monde and Katto (1978) [1] is seen to best capture the experimental data trends for Re greater than 4000.     

直喷式柴油机气缸内燃空混合及燃烧过程的数学模型

建立了直喷式柴油机气缸内燃空混合与燃烧过程的多区准维模型,采用紊流射流理论推出了壁面射流模型,并在正确描述喷注贯穿的基础上细致地建立了空气卷吸模型。此外,还考虑了滴径分布、液滴蒸发、着火延迟、对流与辐射换热和气缸内温度均匀化等因素,理论计算与实测结果吻合良好,证明了模型的实用性。