某供电大楼冰蓄冷空调测试的分析与评估

通过实测、调研某供电大楼冰蓄冷空调系统,从技术和优化运行角度对该冰蓄冷空调系统所测数据进行分析,指出该系统中蓄冰槽蓄冷率低、释冷不足的问题,并进行分析。接着论述了冰蓄冷空调系统的蓄冰槽不仅要在蓄冰量上与系统主机容量相匹配,同时还要考虑到蓄冰槽的蓄冰、融冰特性,最后说明系统运行管理人员对冰蓄冷空调系统在节能运行上产生的影响。     

何谓“空调冰蓄冷技术”?

空调冰蓄冷技术是使用制冷机,利用电网低谷期电力制成冰,在白天电网供电高峰时,利用冰蓄冷量释放出来供冷。从而减少日间电网峰期的电力需求,充填峰期用电,调节峰谷、平稳系统负荷。但由于在制冰工况下,制冷效率大大低于常规空调制冷效率。故而要多耗电量。因此,推广冰蓄冷空调系统必须实行峰谷电价,一般差价应达到1:3以上,用户才能接受。     

制冰滑落式冰蓄冷空调系统运行分析

文章介绍了制冰滑落式冰蓄冷空调系统的制冰蓄冰原理和特点。测试了动态蓄冰空调系统的运行情况，包括各个工况下蓄冰槽的进出口水温变化情况，冷冻水变化情况，对系统运行进行优化。     

冰蓄冷空调的应用及经济分析

本文阐述了蓄冷空调的国内外发展情况，介绍了几种常见冰蓄冷空调系统的运行模式，并以某工程为例对冰蓄冷空调系统的经济性进行了分析。     

冰蓄冷系统蓄冰率的确定方法及对经济性的影响

发挥冰蓄冷空调系统技术优势的一个重要环节是实现系统的优化运行。冰蓄冷空调系统的优化控制是将运行费用作为目标函数,在满足蓄冰装置融冰能力和用户需求的约束条件下,使运行费用最省。而要实现对冰蓄冷系统的优化控制,需要确定系统的最佳蓄冰率。文章从工程经济学的角度出发,建立冰蓄冷系统经济性的数学模型,力图得出最佳的系统设备选择。并以一个实际工程案例进行详细论证,结果表明此数学模型有效,并探讨了该值对冰蓄冷系统初投资及运行费用的影响。所得结论可供设计者参考。     

冰蓄冷系统设计及经济性分析

结合某办公楼冰蓄冷系统的设计实例，演示了蓄冷设计的全过程，并通过与常规空调系统的经济性分析得出冰蓄冷空调切实可行，具有推广意义。     

冰蓄冷空调系统的经济分析

阐述影响冰蓄冷空调系统经济性的主要因素，建立理论模型并对一冰蓄冷空调系统工程实例进行经济分析，与常规空调系统的比较结果表明，当电力部门实施峰谷分时电价等政策时，冰蓄冷空调系统具有很好的经济效益。     

冰蓄冷空调系统经济性的影响因素

介绍了冰蓄冷空调系统的策略，通过建立冰蓄冷空调系统的经济性模型，进行了经济性优化计算，分析了蓄冷率、峰谷电价比、电力增容费和蓄冷方式等因素对冰蓄冷空调系统在初投资、运行电费和总费用方面的影响。     

户式冰蓄冷空调的应用及经济分析

文章对户式冰蓄冷空调的应用和运行特点作了综合性的论述；按照江苏现行的峰谷时段和电价政策对户式冰蓄冷空调和常规家用空调作了峰谷耗电量和电费的分析比较，得出户式冰蓄冷空调的移峰填谷作用是明显的，但是按照目前的峰谷电价比采用冰蓄冷空调并不经济。只有当峰谷电价比达到一定值以上时，采用冰蓄冷空调才具有良好的经济效益。     

冰蓄冷空调蓄冰罐特性的研究

本文通过对某大厦冰蓄冷空调系统的运行情况的测试,详细研究和分析了蓄冰罐在不同流量下的蓄冷和释冷特性,在融冰工况时,蓄冰罐进口温度出口温度和释冷量的影响。     

区域供冷与蓄冷技术发展动态

  目的  空调能耗渐趋增加，是电网峰谷电量差的主要原因之一，分析区域供冷及蓄冷技术的特点及在主动调节空调制冷系统的用电量分布，减小用电高峰负荷的作用，为区域供冷的规划、设计及运行提供参考。  方法  采用蓄冷工程调研文献综述及实际案例分析相结合的方法。分析了水蓄冷、盘管外融冰蓄冷技术的特点，区域供冷的资源秉性以及应遵循的原则。  结果  研究表明:区域供冷及蓄冷技术在中国发展大有可为，水蓄冷系统灵活方便，宜利用电价机制鼓励用户自己投资建设。盘管外融冰蓄冷系统的单位蓄冷规模初投资和生命周期总费用均随着蓄冷系统规模增加呈现下降趋势，但变化趋势渐趋平缓。区域供冷项目应规划先行，且视为本区域全部成员资源利益最大化的项目，须全员参与，才可获得最大利益，并全员共享。  结论  所提区域供冷与蓄冷技术可为实际应用提供指导。     

Need for thermal-storage air-conditioning in Saudi Arabia

In Saudi Arabia, the growth of demand for electrical energy in the rapidly expanding towns, cities and industries, far exceeds the growth of the power being made available. Recently the Saudi Consolidated Electric Companies (SCECO) are facing a shortage of electricity during the summer period mainly due to the high consumption of electricity in the air conditioning sector. The incorporation of thermal energy storage (TES) technologies with a conventional air conditioning system is found to be an appropriate solution for energy-demand management. In this paper an introductory overview of thermal storage air conditioning is presented, comparing phase change (e.g. ice) and sensible heat (e.g. chilled water) storage technologies. The pros and cons of each are evaluated. The suitability of TES technology for the Saudi HVAC (heating, ventilating and air conditioning) industry is explored with the benefits to the owner such as: reduced energy consumption; less operation and maintenance costs; and downsizing of the chiller plant and system for new facility; alternative to new chiller installation to cater for increased cooling load; and stored water as a fire protection source. Furthermore, an economic study has been presented to illustrate the feasibility of TES based air conditioning in Saudi Arabia.     

完全冻结式冰蓄冷空调系统的技术经济分析

选择完全冻结式冰蓄冷空调系统和非蓄冷空调系统作对比，通过计算某大楼的设计日及全年空调负荷，得出各自所需的设备容量及电功率大小，分析比较了初投资及年运行电费等，以经说明，采用完全冻结式冰蓄冷空调系统替代非蓄冷空调系统，在技术上是可行的，且具有明显的社会效益和经济效益。     

蓄冰空调变风量系统工程可行性分析

本文还结合实际的工程案例，分析了工程经济性。     

冰源热泵系统在设施水产养殖中的技术经济性研究

针对目前刺参养殖的水温调控系统能耗大及适用性差等问题,提出基于冰源热泵的高效清洁供热及结合跨季节蓄冷实现全年冷热管理的技术思路,采用冰源热泵系统和跨季节蓄冷型冰源热泵系统对养殖水体温度进行调控,建立模型定量对比分析系统的运行能效及技术经济性。结果表明:（1）冰源热泵系统供热和供冷时的性能系数分别为3.33和3.39,全年一次能源利用率为1.05,比燃煤锅炉+冷水机组系统高出34.6%;费用年值最低,投资回收期为3 ~ 5年,具有良好的经济效益和应用前景。（2）跨季节蓄冷型冰源热泵系统全年一次能源利用率为1.46,比冰源热泵系统高39.1%,全年运行费用最低;跨季节蓄冷技术的应用有效提升了系统能效,大幅减少供冷运行费用,具有较大发展潜力。     

An ice thermal storage computer model

In hot humid countries such as Thailand, air conditioning plant is installed in most commercial and industrial buildings. A conventional air conditioning system, which is normally operated when cooling is required, is the most favored option. Ice thermal storage on a large scale, used to provide a cool reservoir for use in peak periods, is however an attractive financial option for large buildings to supply coolness. There are two means of operating ice thermal storage systems, namely full storage and partial storage.In this paper, a computer model has been developed in order to compare energy use in conventional air cooling systems and ice thermal storage systems. Under Thailand electricity tariff rates, the results from the simulations show that the full ice thermal storage can save up to 55% of the electricity cost required for cooling per month when compared with the conventional system. It is also found that using full storage option can reduce the total energy consumption by 5% for the selected building.     

A novel ice slurry producing system: Producing ice by utilizing inner waste heat

Ice storage is a potential energy saving method for air conditioning systems. An ice slurry is an ideal material for ice storage. The conventional ice slurry producing method using supercooled water suffers from the instability of ice block and depends heavily on electric power. A novel ice slurry producing system utilizing inner waste heat was proposed to improve this situation. This system consists of two major processes: an evaporative supercooling process and a liquid dehumidification process. Both theoretical and experimental works are presented about these two processes. Simulation analysis has been made on the evaporative supercooling process and the performance of the whole system. Experiments were performed about the two processes. The theoretical conclusion agrees well with the experimental results. Compared with the conventional system, this new system can alleviate the burden on electric power and raise the efficiency. Those improvements are essentially attributed to the reutilization of the inner waste heat generated from the system itself.     

论蓄冷空调技术与节能

蓄冷空调是今后空调节能的方向，本文针对近年来建筑空调用电不断增加，论述了蓄冷空调对电力调峰、平衡电网及节能的意义，并介绍了冰蓄冷技术的广阔应用前景。     

An overview of fundamental studies and applications of phase change material slurries to secondary loop refrigeration and air conditioning systems

Phase change material slurries (PCS) can be employed in the refrigeration and air conditioning systems as both secondary refrigerant and cold energy storage media simultaneously, which benefits not only the system efficiency improvement by the high cold carry capacity but also the reduction of the environment-negative-impact gas emission. This paper reviews the previous researches and developments on the applications of PCS, including ice slurry, microencapsulated phase change material slurry (MPCS) as well as clathrate hydrate slurry (CHS), to the secondary loop refrigeration and air conditioning systems. The paper mainly focuses on the generation approaches and storage strategies of these slurries which are considered as the most important issues relevant to the application of PCS, while the flow and heat transfer characteristics of PCS in both tubes and heat exchangers are also summarized. Moreover, several application cases of PCS and the corresponding operation performances are presented.