水泥窑用富氧燃烧技术理论分析

结合水泥窑特点,本文通过理论计算和实验研究分析了富氧燃烧技术效果,并针对某1 200 t/d水泥生产线用富氧燃烧技术进行了探讨。表明水泥窑内煤粉理论燃烧温度、辐射换热量、起始反应温度和燃烧时间的变化取决于煤粉颗粒燃烧时周围氧气的浓度,而该浓度介于窑内整体氧气浓度和一次风氧气浓度之间。在富氧空气氧气含量确定的前提下,富氧燃烧技术的差异决定了该浓度大小。     

基于富氧燃烧的超高温火焰点火实验研究

为应对火电机组锅炉内燃式点火燃烧器存在的结焦和烧损问题,提出了一种基于富氧燃烧的超高温火焰点火方法。利用热态实验的方法研究了超高温火焰发生器在纯氧条件下的着火特性,重点分析了火焰特征与氧气体积流量的内在联系,提出外燃式富氧-煤粉燃烧器模型,并通过实验研究了该燃烧器点燃贫煤煤粉气流的实际情况,分析了给煤量和氧气体积分数对煤粉燃烧的影响。结果表明:在纯氧助燃条件下,超高温火焰发生器能够产生温度高达1 970℃的眩白色燃油火焰;本方法产生的煤粉火焰的最高温度达到947℃,煤粉气流的最佳煤粉浓度为0.35 kg/kg,最佳氧气体积分数范围为33%～37%。     

富氧推火燃烧对烯烃加热炉火焰改变的影响

在烯烃装置2台加氢加热炉上实施富氧引火燃烧技术助燃后效果良好,但其中有一个燃烧器的火苗烧及氢气加热管,造成极大的安全隐患。通过对该燃烧器使用富氧推火燃烧技术助燃,改变了该燃烧器的燃烧火焰分布,确保了其燃烧安全稳定,但牺牲了一定的节能效率。     

富氧燃烧技术应用探讨

富氧燃烧技术可以有效提高火焰温度、提高热利用率、减少排烟损失,在工业锅炉、窗炉中的应用越来越广泛。实践表明,富氧助燃节能效果明显。该技术的应用需要考虑制氧设备投资、配套设备投资、氧气浓度等因素。     

O2/CO2气氛下炉内煤粉切圆燃烧数值研究

对某电厂600 MW切圆燃烧锅炉进行了O2/CO2气氛下炉内流动、传热和燃烧过程的数值研究。结果表明:在O2/CO2气氛下,随着氧气摩尔浓度的增加,炉内温度升高,高温区变大,对煤粉的着火燃烧有利;但考虑到燃烧器安全和水冷壁结渣,氧气摩尔浓度不能太高,对燃用文中煤质的锅炉其极限摩尔浓度在40%至45%之间。O2/CO2气氛对现有切圆燃烧锅炉的上层燃烧器煤粉的燃烧影响较小,对下层燃烧器煤粉的燃烧影响较大。与空气气氛煤粉燃烧相比,炉内火焰中心上移,且在氧气摩尔浓度不太高时,炉内温度分布特性有利于防止水冷壁的结渣。     

不同富氧配风方式下墙式切圆锅炉低负荷燃烧特性数值模拟

针对某660 MW超临界墙式切圆燃烧直流煤粉锅炉在30%负荷下无法长时间稳定燃烧的问题,选取多种富氧配风方式对其进行低负荷下富氧燃烧改造的数值模拟研究,对比分析该电厂30%负荷下空气工况及改造后3种富氧配风工况下炉内速度场、温度场和氧浓度场等各项模拟参数。结果表明:在30%负荷下,通过开启不同层一、二次风喷口及在中间层通入富氧二次风的配风方式,使得煤粉燃烧特性得到明显改善,煤粉在炉内停留时间增加,燃烧器浓、淡侧煤粉气流都能及时地着火燃烧,主燃烧器区温度维持在1 750 K以上,较初始工况提高了近200K,为锅炉低负荷稳定燃烧提供了有利条件,工况三是该墙式切圆锅炉低负荷下较为理想的运行工况。     

富氧氛围下煤粉锅炉等离子冷风直接点火过程的数值模拟研究

富氧氛围下煤粉锅炉等离子冷风直接点火是一项有前景的技术,对启动没有风温要求.采用Fluent对该技术的点火过程进行数值模拟.计算结果表明,该点火在一定的氧气浓度和煤粉浓度下能够实现煤粉气流的点火,对应的一次风最低氧浓度为27％、最低煤粉浓度为0.24 kg/kg.通过比较富氧冷风气氛与空气温风气氛下燃烧器点火情况,证实了氧浓度的提高加快了煤粉燃烧速度,煤粉燃烧生成的CO量更小,火焰温度提高,利于降低等离子的能量输入.     

调峰型低NO_x浓淡燃烧技术的研究与应用

根据作者提出的“充分发挥向火侧一次风着火优势,形成稳定着火源”的燃烧稳定性原理,研制了一种适用于四角燃烧煤粉锅炉的新型燃烧器──调峰型低NOx可调水平浓淡燃烧器。该燃烧器的煤粉浓缩机构及煤粉浓度调节机构简单、可靠。向火侧与背火侧浓度比在1～4的大范围内可调节,保证了锅炉在变负荷工况下实现最佳浓淡比燃烧。工业应用证明：该燃烧器在燃用陕西贫煤时,机组负荷≥50％时不需投油助燃而能稳定燃烧。     

小型汽油发动机富氧燃烧缸内过程实验研究

提出汽油发动机富氧燃烧技术,在单缸化油器式汽油机上进行富氧燃烧实验.利用燃烧分析仪对富氧燃烧发动机的燃烧特性进行分析,实验结果表明进入气缸助燃的空气中氧气浓度增加到24%时,气缸压力升高,最大压力发生时刻提前,燃油放热增加,开始放热时刻提前,燃烧过程的循环变动量降低,燃烧过程的稳定性提高.     

驻涡煤粉燃烧器的实验研究

本文实验研究了驻涡煤粉燃烧器的气流结构及燃烧机理。在ＢＤ（ＢａｒｃｈａｎＤｕｎｅ）型旋涡发生器的特殊作用下，燃烧器出口处形成了一个利于煤粉着火和燃烧的高温热核和高浓度煤粉区域，从而使煤粉着火迅速，燃烧稳定。实际应用证明，驻涡煤粉燃烧器在节省锅炉点火及助燃用油，提高锅炉的低负荷稳燃能力等方面，具有显著作用。     

Numerical and experimental investigation of a mild combustion burner

An industrial burner operating in the MILD combustion regime through internal recirculation of exhaust gases has been characterized numerically. To develop a self-sufficient numerical model of the burner, two subroutines are coupled to the CFD solver to model the air preheater section and heat losses from the burner through radiation. The resulting model is validated against experimental data on species concentration and temperature. A 3-dimensional CFD model of the burner is compared to an axisymmetric model, which allows considerable computational saving, but neglects some important burner features such as the presence of recirculation windows. Errors associated with the axisymmetric model are evaluated and discussed, as well as possible simplified procedures for engineering purposes. Modifications of the burner geometry are investigated numerically and suggested in order to enhance its performances. Such modifications are aimed at improving exhaust gases recirculation which is driven by the inlet air jet momentum. The burner is found to produce only 30 ppm_v of NO when operating in MILD combustion mode. For the same air preheating the NO emissions would be of approximately 1000 ppm_v in flame combustion mode. It is also shown that the burner ensures more homogeneous temperature distribution in the outer surfaces with respect to flame operation, and this is attractive for burners used in furnaces devoted to materials' thermal treatment processes. The effect of air excess on the combustion regime is also discussed.     

200MW机组锅炉高温空气煤粉直燃技术工程应用试验研究

高温空气煤粉直燃技术是采用中频感应将少量空气瞬间加热到1000℃左右,将高温空气引入到煤粉直燃燃烧器中心点燃少量煤粉,再分级逐渐点燃全部煤粉,实现无油点火。试验结果证明,煤粉直燃燃烧器在冷炉状态下可直接点燃煤粉,使锅炉从冷炉状态下启动,达到机组带70%负荷,全过程无油助燃。     

A fibre‐mat catalytic burner for the heating system of PVC tiles

This study aims to develop the low‐temperature catalytic burner using Al₂O₃ fibre and Pt catalyst as a substrate and an active material, respectively, and then to apply it to the heating system of PVC tiles. Three types of fibre‐mat catalytic burners—natural diffusion catalytic burner, forced diffusion catalytic burner and premixed catalytic burner—were tested. For the natural diffusion catalytic burner, the combustion efficiency was significantly affected by the installation method. Its combustion efficiency was above 99.5% when it was placed vertically and upward, whereas the combustion efficiency rapidly deteriorated to less than 80% when it was installed in downward position. When the forced diffusion combustion mode was employed, the combustion efficiency of the fibre‐mat catalytic burner was successively improved over 99.5%. The optimal operation condition of the premixed fibre‐mat catalytic burner was obtained when the excess air ratio is 4.3 and the heat load is 3.0 kcal h^?1 cm^?2. The heat load of the premixed catalytic burner was found to be twice as much as those of the natural and forced diffusion catalytic burner, meaning that the size of the catalytic burner can be reduced to its half if the premixed catalytic burner is used. We also performed the field test of the fibre‐mat catalytic burner in the heating system of the PVC tiles. The combustion efficiency of the catalytic burners appeared to be satisfactory, above 99.5%, and the energy saving by replacing the existing electrical heaters with the fibre‐mat catalytic burners were shown to be 27.7%. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

单元熔窑燃烧过程数值模拟

对单元熔窑燃烧空间内的流动，燃烧及辐射传热等过程进行数值模拟研究，比较燃烧布置方式对火焰形状及传热过程中的影响，结果表明，对于所研究的宽度为3．2m的窑炉，燃烧器的布置应采用错排方式。     

Mechanism analysis on the pulverized coal combustion flame stability and NOx emission in a swirl burner with deep air staging

Low NOx burner and air staged combustion are widely applied to control NOx emission in coal-fired power plants. The gas-solid two-phase flow, pulverized coal combustion and NOx emission characteristics of a single low NOx swirl burner in an existing coal-fired boiler was numerically simulated to analyze the mechanisms of flame stability and in-flame NOx reduction. And the detailed NOx formation and reduction model under fuel rich conditions was employed to optimize NOx emissions for the low NOx burner with air staged combustion of different burner stoichiometric ratios. The results show that the specially-designed swirl burner structures including the pulverized coal concentrator, flame stabilizing ring and baffle plate create an ignition region of high gas temperature, proper oxygen concentration and high pulverized coal concentration near the annular recirculation zone at the burner outlet for flame stability. At the same time, the annular recirculation zone is generated between the primary and secondary air jets to promote the rapid ignition and combustion of pulverized coal particles to consume oxygen, and then a reducing region is formed as fuel-rich environment to contribute to in-flame NO_X reduction. Moreover, the NOx concentration at the outlet of the combustion chamber is greatly reduced when the deep air staged combustion with the burner stoichiometric ratio of 0.75 is adopted, and the CO concentration at the outlet of the combustion chamber can be maintained simultaneously at a low level through the over-fired air injection of high velocity to enhance the mixing of the fresh air with the flue gas, which can provide the optimal solution for lower NOx emission in the existing coal-fired boilers.     

通过煤粉浓缩预热低NOx燃烧器实现高温空气燃烧技术的研究

以煤粉浓缩预热低NOx燃烧器(PRP)为例,说明了通过组织高温烟气回流快速预热低风煤比的一次风煤粉气流,可以在燃煤锅炉上实现具有高稳燃和低NOx排放性能的高温空气燃烧.工业试验和应用表明:PRP燃烧器特殊的预热室结构可以有效控制一次风粉的预热,快速加热煤粉颗粒并使之在达到燃烧器喷口时接近着火温度,因而具有优异的煤种适应性、低负荷稳燃能力和低NOx排放特性,是在燃煤锅炉上实现高温空气燃烧的一种良好的燃烧器.     

带入口旋流器的文丘利油燃烧器出口热态流场的数值模拟

针对带入口旋流器的新型文丘利油燃烧器出口流动燃烧的特点，建立了相应的数学物理模型和数值算法。在数值模拟一、二次风道内部流动及出口等温流场的基础上，对新型油燃烧器出口的热态流场进行了数值模拟，并与未装设入口旋流器的文丘利油燃烧器出口冷热态模拟结果进行了对比分析。模拟结果为该型油燃烧器的进一步改进设计、运行及布置提供了重要依据。图9表1参10     

Increasing the efficiency of radiant burners by using polymer membranes

Gas-fired radiant burners are used to convert fuel chemical energy into radiation energy for various applications. The radiation output of a radiant burner largely depends on the temperature of the combustion flame. In fact, the radiation output and, thus, the radiant efficiency increase to a great extent with flame temperature. Oxygen-enriched combustion can increase the flame temperature without increasing fuel cost. However, it has not been widely applied because of the high cost of oxygen production. In the present work, oxygen-enriched combustion of natural gas in porous radiant burners was studied. The oxygen-enriched air was produced passively, using polymer membranes. The membranes were shown to be an effective means of obtaining an oxygen-enriched environment for gas combustion in the radiant burners. Two different porous radiant burners were used in this study. One is a reticulated ceramic burner and the other is a ceramic fibre burner. The experimental results showed that the radiation output and the radiant efficiency of these burners increased markedly with rising oxygen concentrations in the combustion air. Also investigated were the effects of oxygen enrichment on combustion mode, and flame stability on the porous media.     

Numerical investigation into the structural characteristics of a hydrogen dual-swirl combustor with slight temperature rise combustion

For decades, hydrogen has been identified as the most promising potential fuel to replace fossil fuels. In order to fully implement it and to promote the rationality of the design of hydrogen combustion chamber structure, it is very essential to understand the hydrogen/air combustion mechanism based on structural variations. The structural characteristics of a novel dual-swirl burner for hydrogen-air non-premixed combustion was studied numerically in this study. The influences of air distributions, swirling directions and nozzle configurations of the dual-swirl burner were studied, and the combustion performance was evaluated from various aspects. The numerical results showed that there was a trade-off between lower total pressure loss and the risk of fusing when considering air distribution strategies. The co-rotating swirl burner exhibited better uniformity of temperature distribution at the downstream of the combustor. The multi jet orifices showed superior penetration depth than the circular seam. Efficient and stable combustion could be achieved, which was beneficial to improve gas turbine efficiency and stable operation.