A-Ⅸ-Ⅱ压装炸药失效模式分析

为了探讨A-Ⅸ-Ⅱ压装炸药的失效模式,通过扫描电镜、工业CT分别对低装药密度、中装药密度和高装药密度A-Ⅸ-Ⅱ炸药装药在高低温循环温度应力施加下的结构稳定性进行分析研究,并讨论了裂纹和"渗油"两种结构失稳模式。研究表明A-Ⅸ-Ⅱ压装炸药的主要失效模式是药柱产生裂纹,"渗油"引起的结构失稳是否会导致装药失效还有待进一步研究。     

装药密度及尺寸对RDX基含铝炸药爆压爆速的影响

利用锰铜压力传感器和测时仪测量了不同装药密度和尺寸下的RDX基含铝炸药的爆压和爆速,拟合出了爆压、爆速与装药密度的关系式,研究了装药密度和尺寸对RDX基含铝炸药爆压、爆速的影响。结果表明,随着密度的增加,RDX基含铝炸药的爆压和爆速均增加;当装药直径和装药长度分别达到20 mm和40 mm时,RDX基含铝炸药已经达到稳定爆轰,装药直径和装药长度再增加,爆压和爆速基本不变。     

α-AlH_3对HMX基炸药爆轰参数的影响

为了研究α-AlH_3对混合炸药爆轰性能的影响,设计了不同配比含α-AlH_3和铝粉系列炸药配方。采用直接法制备炸药造型粉,用模压法制备测试用药柱,分别进行了爆热和爆速测试。研究结果表明:HMX基含α-AlH_3炸药爆热随着α-AlH_3含量的增加而增加,与含铝炸药爆热的变化趋势一致,其爆热值与同质量分数含铝炸药相当;HMX基含α-AlH_3炸药爆速随α-AlH_3含量增加呈下降趋势,相对密度相同时同质量分数含α-AlH_3炸药的爆速低于含铝炸药。     

成型工艺对2,4-二硝基苯甲醚基熔铸炸药装药质量的影响

为了提高2,4-二硝基苯甲醚（DNAN）基熔铸炸药的装药质量,采用压力浇铸与真空浇铸成型工艺,研究其对DNAN基熔铸炸药温度场、缩孔疏松、相对密度及抗拉强度的影响规律。结果表明：压力浇铸使DNAN基熔铸炸药凝固时间缩短,药柱内部缩孔疏松及气孔减少;当成型压力达到0.8 MPa时,DNAN/奥克托今（HMX）炸药相对密度和抗拉强度分别提高了6.4%、9.9%,药柱无裂纹;DNAN/黑索今（RDX）炸药的相对密度提高了2.7%,但抗拉强度降低了40.8%,同时药柱存在裂纹。真空浇铸对DNAN基熔铸炸药凝固过程温度场无影响,使药柱内部缩孔疏松及气孔减少;当真空度达到0.08 MPa时,DNAN/RDX炸药的相对密度及抗拉强度分别提高了2.0%、14.3%,药柱无裂纹。因此,为了获得高质量的熔铸炸药,DNAN/HMX炸药可采用压力浇铸;DNAN/RDX炸药可采用真空浇铸。     

分步压装含铝炸药的成型性研究

为了提高分步压装装药质量和装药密度,保证装药工艺及使用过程的安全性,设计了3种不同粘结剂配比的含铝炸药,通过50℃、20℃、-40℃及温度冲击条件下药柱的抗压强度测试,研究不同配方药柱的力学性能和环境适应性;采用分步压装工艺进行装药试验,通过装药密度对比分析,研究粘结剂配比对分步压装工艺成型性的影响。结果表明:复合粘结剂配比对炸药可压性有一定影响,含少量增塑剂的炸药配方具有低比压成型特征,有利于提高分步压装装药密度和工艺安全性,并且装药具有良好的环境适应性。     

微型爆炸网络用DNTF/HMX基传爆药研究

为了使爆炸网络装药在实现高爆速、高安全和小临界尺寸传爆的同时满足装药均匀性好、爆速极差小的要求,以3,4-二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DNTF)和奥克托今(HMX)为主体炸药,以含能聚合物聚叠氮基缩水甘油醚(GAP)为粘结剂,配以其它助剂,设计出一种适用于微小尺寸爆炸网络的DNTF/HMX基传爆药配方,并采用微注射工艺将其装入到微型爆炸网络沟槽中。采用扫描电镜(SEM)表征了主体炸药颗粒粒径和形貌并观察和测试了装药表面;采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)测试了主体炸药和装药后炸药的晶型;采用直线传爆临界尺寸实验测试了传爆性能;采用撞击感度与冲击波感度实验测试了配方的安全性能。结果表明:配方的炸药组分固含量为85%,固化成型后装药表面平整,颗粒分布均匀,炸药晶型未发生变化,沟槽中装药密度可达1.6 g·cm~(-3)(理论密度的92%)以上。在此装药密度下,该配方的直线传爆临界尺寸为0.6 mm×0.6 mm,在0.8 mm×0.8 mm的沟槽中爆速为7558m·s~(-1),爆速极差为29 m·s~(-1);撞击感度特性落高为45.2 cm(5.0 kg落锤),冲击波安全性试验小隔板厚度值为8.74 mm。     

典型水中战斗部炸药装药跌落撞击响应特性

针对大装药量的水中战斗部跌落安全性问题,采用自由式落锤试验方法模拟典型水中战斗部炸药药柱跌落撞击响应.以B炸药作为试验参考基准,选择水中战斗部的典型炸药装药RS211和2,4二硝基苯甲醚(DNAN)基炸药,通过落锤升降法获得炸药装药撞击响应阈值及撞击敏感性.结果表明:B炸药和RS211炸药在跌落撞击响应均为爆炸,φ20 mm×20 mm的B炸药和RS211炸药发生爆炸响应的最小高度分别为2 m和3 m,未发生爆炸响应的最大高度分别为1.8 m和2.5 m;φ30 mm×30 mm的B炸药和RS211炸药发生爆炸响应最小高度分别为5.5 m和6.0 m,未发生爆炸响应的最大高度分别为5.0 m和5.5 m;DNAN基炸药药柱在试验过程中均发生了爆炸,撞击响应随跌落高度降低转为爆燃反应,有大量被挤压的残余药粉,且相同距离处测得的冲击波超压值越来越小,说明爆炸响应程度越来越低.     

微纳米HMX基PBX力学、导热性能及药片撞击感度

为了研究微纳米尺度下颗粒尺寸对于炸药撞击感度的影响规律及作用机制,将三种奥克托今(HMX,粒径为100~300 nm,1~2μm,10~20μm)基高聚物粘接炸药(PBX)造型粉压制成表观密度分别为1.74 g·cm~(-3)与1.50 g·cm~(-3)的PBX样品,研究了HMX粒径与表观密度对PBX样品压缩力学性能、导热性能以及药片撞击感度的影响。使用扫描电镜观察了样品受落锤撞击前后的微观形貌,并通过自行设计的试验装置测试了落锤撞击加载过程中样品的受力情况。结果表明,PBX样品的压缩强度、压缩模量、导热系数及热扩散系数均随HMX粒径的减小而显著增大。在相同表观密度下,PBX样品的撞击感度随HMX粒径减小而明显降低;对于含同种粒径HMX的PBX样品,撞击感度随表观密度的增加而略微升高。撞击作用下HMX粒径较大的样品主要发生孔穴压缩与颗粒破碎,HMX粒径较小的样品主要发生颗粒层的剪切滑移。在相同撞击条件下,作用于试样力的峰值随表观密度的增大或粒径的减小而增大。认为炸药颗粒细化所带来的撞击感度降低是细化后炸药内部孔隙尺寸减小、孔隙结构均匀化程度提高以及导热性能提升等因素共同作用的结果。     

HMX基混合炸药药柱膨胀规律的探究

为了探究HMX基混合炸药药柱的膨胀规律,对两种代表性的炸药药柱进行了压制压力、热循环和老化等试验,并对其影响机理进行了分析。结果表明:增加压制的压力,药柱密度会不可逆地增加,放置24h后药柱体积膨胀会逐渐减小;药柱增大主要出现在最初的几个热循环中,且随着循环次数的增加基本停止;在老化试验中药柱体积增加幅度最大也出现在最初的时间内,随着时间的增加,增加幅度逐渐减小,而药柱质量随老化时间的延长逐渐减小。     

功能助剂对2,4-二硝基苯甲醚基熔铸炸药性能的影响

为了获得适用于2,4-二硝基苯甲醚(DNAN)基熔铸炸药的功能助剂体系,改善其装药性能,通过黏附功确定功能助剂为吐温60和醋酸丁酸纤维素(CAB);采用巴西实验、静态剪切实验、撞击感度爆炸概率法实验、摩擦感度爆炸概率法实验、小隔板实验和液体静力称量法,研究了功能助剂对DNAN 20/奥克托今80(HMX 80)熔铸炸药的拉伸强度、剪切强度、撞击感度、摩擦感度、冲击波感度和装药密度的影响规律。实验结果表明:功能助剂使得DNAN 20/HMX 80熔铸炸药在-40℃、20℃、60℃下的拉伸强度分别增大6.25%、10.3%、47.8%,剪切强度分别增大23.5%、27.8%、45.1%;摩擦感度、撞击感度和冲击波感度分别降低14.29%、4.76%、3.11%;相对密度提高0.2%.因此,功能助剂吐温60和CAB可以用于改善DNAN基熔铸炸药的力学性能和安全性能。     

Expert Systems Aimed at General Design of Projectiles

Expert systems aimed at the general design of projectiles can implement a series of intelligent designs, such as the design of HE shell, the scheme expounded and proved, the emulation analysis and calculation, etc. Aiming at the product design feature, the expert system adopts the object-oriented knowledge representation and all kinds of inference control engines to describe and reason the relevant knowledge regarding the product through the microcomputer. It embodies the foundation of emulation analysis and simulated manufacturing of the shell. It makes use of the method that knowledge expression is combined with condition of inference to carry out the overall design and emulation and reference.The paper gives the ways through which the functions can be achieved, gives the modularization of reference and the design methods of systematization, puts forward the method of knowledge expression and working interface, and supplies a platform for similar products of the shell category that can be quickly designed.     

Parameter Identification for the Valve Control Cylinder System of a Hydraulic Manipulator

In mechanical, hydraulic and electronic systems, the determination of system parameters is often challenging because liquid parameters often change significantly, due to variations in working and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is of significant practical importance to identify those parameters through experimental procedures. A systematic approach to identifying parameters in the valve controlling cylinder system of hydraulic manipulators is provided. It first derives the transfer function of the system, and then uses P control of PID control to predict system parameters. The predicted parameters are further validated using PID control. The prediction through simulation using MatLab language is utilized, which agrees well with experimental results.     

Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Combustion Field in the Combustion Chamber

In order to study the effect of rotation on the combustion in the underwater vehicle, a two-phase turbulent combustion process is described with Reynolds stress turbulence model, eddy-dissipation turbulent combustion model, P-1 radiation model and particle tracking model of liquid. The flow in the rotating combustion chamber is simulated at two different working speeds, 0 r/min and 1 000 r/min by Fluent software. The temperature, gas velocity, static pressure of wall and fuel concentration are computed and compared. The results show that the combustion in rotating combustor is faster and more effective.     

Software Communication Architecture Implementation and Its Waveform Application

This paper attempts to do a research on the development of software defined radio（SDR） based on software communication architecture（SCA）. Firstly, SCA is studied and a whole reference model of SCA3.0 core framework （CF） is realized; Secondly, an application-specific FM3TR waveform is implemented on the platform of common software based on the reference model; Thirdly, from the point of view of real-time performance and software reuse, tests and validations are made on the above realized CF reference model and FM3TR waveform. As a result, the SCA-compliant SDR has favorable interoperability and software portability and can satisfy the real-time performance requirements which are not too rigorous.     

Dynamic Simulation of the Tank Gun Recoil Response

By using the ATV module of MSC. ADAMS, the dynamic simulation of recoil response of tank gun is analyzed.How the recoil force affects the bodywork and the suspension during gun firing, as well as the changing status of the gun muzzle‘s velocity are gained. All results and analyzing methods are offered for the designing basis of optimizing tank vehicle-gun match. The constructive exploration is beneficial to improving the general capability of tank.     

Survey of Controllable Suspension System for Off-road Vehicles

The controllable suspension system can improve the performances of off-road vehicles both on road and cross-country. So far, four controllable suspensions, that is, body height control, active, semi-active and slow-active suspensions, have been developed. For off-road vehicles, the slow-active suspension and the semi-active suspension which have controllable stiffness, damping and body height are more appropriate to use. For many years, some control methodologies for controllable suspension systems have been developed along with the development of modern control theory, and two or more original control methods are integrated as a new control method. Today, for military or civilian off-road vehicles, the R&D of controllable suspension systems is ongoing.     

Finite Element Analysis of Fretting Behavior Between an Engine Cylinder Block and a Main Bearing Cap

The finite element analysis of the fretting behavior between a cylinder block and a main bearing cap is presented. The stresses, relative fretting slip, fretting friction work parameter W and crack initiation location parameter G on the fretting contact surface of the cylinder block are obtained and analyzed. It shows that the fretting fatigue problem of the cylinder block can be quantitatively explained by W or G. The effects of pretightening force, friction factor and material combination of the cylinder block and the main bearing cap are studied. The computational results indicate that the fretting fatigue of the cylinder block can be allayed by increasing the elastic modulus of the cylinder block, but not by changing the other two factors.     

An Efficient Key Agreement Framework to MANET

Protocols for key management are compared and evaluated from the point of view on mobile ad hoe networks （MANET）. The issues of fault-tolerance and efficiency of key distribution protocols for group communications in MANET are addressed. Most key distribution protocols existing today are primarily designed for wlre-line networks. These protocols either fail to work as intended or cannot work at all when they are applied to the demanding environment of MANET. Parameters and performance of different protocols are analyzed, and then a fiat is given out, on which new protocols or existing ones are designed and modified, so that they can be robust, scalable and efficient in MANET.     

A Physical Model of Electromagnetic Force from PEMA Acted on Metal Projectiles

Electromagnetic armor is a new conceptual combat vehicle technology, which improves remarkably the defensive capability and maneuverability of vehicles. The authors present definitely to apply the electromagnetic theory to analyze the electromagnetic armor. Based on electromagnetics, the experienced expression of projectile and the physical model of PEMA （passive electromagnetic armor） are obtained when electric current flows through the system, and a computer sim- ulation is given.     

The Kinematics Analysis of the Hydraulic Mine-clearing Mechanical Manipulator

Through analyzing the kinematics of the hydraulic manipulator operating system, according to the rules for set-ing up the D-H coordinate system, the generalized coordinate of the manipulator system is established. The rotating and moving joints are selected from the mechanism as joint variables. Each generalized transformation matrix of joints is worked out. The kinematics equation at the finger end of the manipulator is calculated. The obverse solution for the manipulator is gained. The geometrical operating parameters and primary technical specification of the manipulator system are simulated through the computer. The simulative result has shown that the manipulator operating system meets the working task requirements. This research provides theoretical basis for optimizing structural parameters of the manipulator operating. So it also is justified the feasibility for mechanical manipulators to be used in the engineering equipment platform of the hydraulic excavator.