基于前景理论的空战目标威胁评估

空战目标威胁评估是目标分配与火力分配的基础。针对目标威胁评估研究存在确定指标权重时未考虑指标间的相关性,采用单一灰色关联分析（GRA）方法和逼近理想点（TOPSIS）方法不能准确反映目标威胁大小,以及未考虑飞行员决策时面临损失和收益时的不同态度等问题,在综合GRA和TOPSIS的基础上,提出一种基于前景GRA-TOPSIS的空战目标威胁评估模型。提出灰色关联深度的概念,结合极大熵确定指标权重;利用指标之间的灰色关联度变权方法对指标权重进行修正,避免指标之间的相关性影响;利用GRA方法分析目标指标序列的曲线形状相似性,结合TOPSIS方法分析位置的相似性,基于前景理论,将飞行员面临收益以损失的态度融合到目标威胁评估中,得到能够体现飞行员特质的目标威胁评估结果。通过仿真验证了所提方法的有效性以及合理性。     

考虑不确定性的机枪作战效能综合评估方法

针对现有机枪设计方案评估体系不完备以及评估指标存在不确定性的问题,提出一种考虑不确定性的机枪作战效能综合评估方法。从机枪战术技术要求出发,建立基于区间数的机枪作战效能综合评估指标体系,根据评估指标的不确定性表达形式,结合熵权法和层次分析法确定指标组合权重;采用基于区间数的灰色关联分析与逼近理想解排序算法对不同机枪设计方案进行综合评估,提出一种基于欧氏距离的灰色关联度来表征各评估方案与理想方案的相对接近程度,以解决存在不确定性情况下各方案区分度不高的问题。机枪作战效能评估实例表明,该方法的评估结果与专家评估结果一致,且该方法充分考虑了评估方案间的关联程度和差距,得到的评估结果可信度更高,验证了综合评估指标体系的合理性和评估方法的有效性。     

基于改进CRITIC-LRA和灰色逼近理想解排序法的空战威胁评估

针对当前空战威胁评估过程中采用主观赋权法确定指标权重时具有主观性、忽视指标间内在关联关系的问题,提出一种基于改进CRITIC-线性回归分析(LRA)确定指标权重的计算方法。根据CRITIC法的缺陷,引入基尼系数和肯德尔系数实现对CRITIC法的改进并确定指标初始权重;利用1阶LRA计算评估指标关联关系,通过削减指标权重降低指标关联性,实现对指标权重的修正,降低指标关联对评估造成的影响;为了克服逼近理想解排序法中采用欧式距离作为距离测度的缺点,采用指标间加权灰色关联度代替欧氏距离,计算相对贴近度,实现目标威胁排序。威胁评估算例表明,所提方法能够充分体现目标威胁区分度和对目标进行威胁排序,评估结果科学有效。     

目标威胁评估的动态突变排序法

针对目标威胁评估过程难以与目标动态态势相结合以及已有评估方法大多需要确定各指标权重而过多依赖专家经验的问题,将时间序列赋权与突变理论相结合,提出了目标威胁评估的动态突变排序法。该方法采用泊松分布逆形式对时间序列进行赋权,综合考虑了当前时刻和之前时刻的目标关联信息;在突变理论基础上抽象出了突变排序的思想,将目标威胁评估指标体系中下层指标对上层指标的作用归因为控制变量对状态变量的作用,并采用归一化公式对作用程度进行求解,依此方式由底层往上逐层推进最终得到目标威胁评估值。实例仿真结果表明,动态突变排序法不需确定各指标权重,计算过程简洁高效,可操作性强,且综合考虑了目标的动态威胁态势,评估结果更加合理,具有一定的实用价值。     

基于灰色关联分析改进的ANP效能评估方法

网络分析法（ANP）考虑了指标之间的相互关联和反馈关系,在复杂系统效能评估中得到广泛应用。在分析ANP法确定效能评估指标权重流程的基础上,指出该方法在构建无权重超矩阵过程中的难点和不足,提出一种基于灰色关联分析法的无权重超矩阵构造方法。改进后的方法克服了一般ANP法构建无权重超矩阵时存在的主观性和不可靠性问题,提高了指标权重的客观性和合理性。     

基于灰色关联理论的自行火炮系统性能评估

结合自行火炮系统性能评估的特点,建立性能评估指标体系.应用层次分析法确定指标权重系数,建立基于灰色关联理论的评估模型,包括:确定方案集合以构造评估矩阵、数据的无量纲标准化处理、计算关联系数及关联度、综合评判分析.实例评估表明该法可行,能实现对自行火炮系统性能的评估分析,具有较高使用价值.     

基于灰色物元分析法的装甲机械化部队指挥稳定性评估

针对影响装甲机械化部队指挥稳定性指标信息的不确定，将灰色系统理论与物元分析法相结合，建立灰色物元分析综合评估模型，运用该模型对装甲机械化部队指挥稳定性进行评估。其中，在模型构建中引入基于信息熵的赋权法以确定权重，能避免权重系数确定的主观性问题，评估结果与客观实际相吻合。     

基于层次分析法的灰色关联分析在修理营管理性评估中的应用

基于层次分析法的灰色关联分析对修理营管理性的评估,通过确定评估对象、构造评估因素集等步骤建立修理营管理性评估的目标体系结构.即首先采用层次分析法计算各指标的权重,然后利用灰色关联分析计算出关联度,得出各营的评估结果.并通过实例,证明了该方法具有正确性和实用性.     

基于 GAHP 的信息感知能力需求满足度评估方法

针对传统能力评估中指标以及权重的确定不一致和不确定性特点,提出了一种以信息感知能力关键技术需求满足度为依据的评估方法———基于灰色理论的层次分析方法（GAHP）。阐述了灰色层次分析法原理,建立了信息感知能力指标体系和需求满足度评估模型,以实例研究说明该方法的可行性。     

基于DVIKOR的空战多目标威胁评估

针对多属性与个体属性之间的平衡问题以及传统空战威胁评估难以与动态态势相结合的缺陷,提出基于动态多准则妥协解排序法(DVIKOR)的空战多目标威胁评估方法。建立基于Entropy法的空战态势多属性权重解算模型,避免属性权重确定的主观随意性问题;建立基于泊松分布的时序序列权重解算模型,处理多时刻空战态势信息。在此基础上,建立基于DVIKOR的空战多目标威胁评估模型,综合考虑最大化群体效应和最小化个体遗憾。仿真结果表明该方法能综合考虑空战多属性与个体属性的特点与优势,实现空战多目标威胁评估的多属性平衡与优化,并融合多时刻的空战态势信息,使其评估结果更加真实合理。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Expert Systems Aimed at General Design of Projectiles

Expert systems aimed at the general design of projectiles can implement a series of intelligent designs, such as the design of HE shell, the scheme expounded and proved, the emulation analysis and calculation, etc. Aiming at the product design feature, the expert system adopts the object-oriented knowledge representation and all kinds of inference control engines to describe and reason the relevant knowledge regarding the product through the microcomputer. It embodies the foundation of emulation analysis and simulated manufacturing of the shell. It makes use of the method that knowledge expression is combined with condition of inference to carry out the overall design and emulation and reference.The paper gives the ways through which the functions can be achieved, gives the modularization of reference and the design methods of systematization, puts forward the method of knowledge expression and working interface, and supplies a platform for similar products of the shell category that can be quickly designed.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.