氟橡胶包覆对微米铝粉燃烧性能的影响规律

为了考察氟橡胶包覆对微米铝粉燃烧性能的影响规律,采用激光点火、定容燃烧、热分析等方法,对5μm及50μm两种粒径、不同氟橡胶含量微米铝粉的燃烧性能、热性能进行了分析,得到粒径和氟橡胶含量对微米铝粉的点火延迟时间、燃速、燃烧状态、燃烧热值、热反应性能等的影响规律.结果表明,未包覆的微米铝粉在0.1 MPa氧气中无法被激光点燃.而在氟橡胶包覆后,随着氟橡胶含量的变化,5μm铝粉的点火延迟时间可由91 ms缩短为31 ms,燃速可由3.08 mm·s-1增加至364.96 mm·s-1,燃烧热值可达到27.61 kJ·g-1;50μm铝粉的点火延迟时间可由130 ms缩短为40 ms,燃速可由1.80 mm·s-1增加至43.78 mm·s-1,燃烧热值可达到26.08 kJ·g-1.此外,在热重分析(TG)的基础上,计算了氟橡胶反应深度和氧化铝层厚度,发现氟橡胶的反应仅存于铝粉的表面,而在相同反应条件下,反应完成后氧化铝层的厚度与微米铝粉的粒径无关.     

纳米镍粉对改性双基推进剂综合性能的影响

为了研究纳米镍粉(nano-Ni)对含铝改性双基(Al-CMDB)推进剂以及含黑索今和铝粉的改性双基(RDX/Al-CMDB)推进剂综合性能的影响,采用吸收-沟槽压延-螺旋压伸法制备了推进剂药柱,测试了nano-Ni对推进剂热安定性能、机械感度、力学性能、能量性能、发动机内弹道性能、室温条件下长贮燃速变化的影响。结果表明,nano-Ni对Al-CMDB推进剂和RDX/Al-CMDB推进剂的热安定性能、机械感度、力学性能、能量性能、长贮条件下燃速变化影响不明显。但是nano-Ni可显著改善Al-CMDB推进剂和RDX/Al-CMDB推进剂的燃烧性能。nano-Ni使Al-CMDB推进剂9.81 MPa燃速从28.32 mm·s~(-1)增加到35.94 mm·s~(-1),12～22 MPa的压强指数从0.26降低至0.12,nano-Ni使RDX/Al-CMDB推进剂9.81 MPa燃速达到36.63 mm·s~(-1),16～22 MPa高低常温均出现负压强指数,Φ130 mm发动机-40℃比冲达到241.1 s,50℃比冲达到246.9 s。     

含咪唑类铅盐催化剂的RDX-CMDB推进剂燃烧性能

研究了咪唑类含能铅盐(E-Pb)催化剂含量及与炭黑复配时对RDX-CMDB推进剂的燃速、压强指数及燃烧火焰结构等燃烧性能的影响。分析了含能催化剂和惰性催化剂影响RDX-CMDB推进剂燃烧行为的原因。结果表明,含有含能催化剂的RDXCMDB推进剂的燃烧性能优于含惰性催化剂的RDX-CMDB推进剂的燃烧性能。10 MPa下的燃速由不含催化剂的推进剂的11.74 mm·s-1提高至含E-Pb的推进剂的25.36 mm·s-1,且随E-Pb含量的增加该推进剂的燃速增加。当含能铅盐与炭黑复配时催化效果更佳,炭黑与含能铅盐质量比为1.5∶0.25时,在4~17 MPa较宽区间出现平台燃烧,压强指数n0.25。表明,含能铅盐对推进剂的燃烧火焰结构、暗区厚度、燃面上的亮点数目等的影响有一定规律性。     

高能无烟改性双基推进剂中高压燃烧性能

研究了含铅盐、铜盐、炭黑等催化剂的高能无烟改性双基推进剂在中高压下(10～43MPa)的燃烧性能。结果表明,在高压下推进剂的燃速随压强的升高而大幅升高;在25MPa高能无烟改性双基推进剂燃速曲线出现拐点,燃速随压强升高而大幅提高;10～25MPa范围内燃速催化剂对推进剂的燃烧性能有明显影响,NI-Pb/NI-Cu/CB将推进剂燃速提高75.16%(10MPa),而在25～43MPa范围内燃速催化剂对推进剂燃烧性能的影响明显减弱。     

FOX-7对NC/TMETN基低敏感无烟改性双基推进剂燃烧性能的影响

采用燃速-靶线法研究了1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)的含量、粒度及不同铅盐/铜盐/炭黑三元复合燃烧催化剂对硝化棉/三羟甲基乙烷三硝酸酯(NC/TMETN)低敏感无烟螺压改性双基推进剂燃烧性能的影响。结果表明,随着NC/TMETN基推进剂配方中FOX-7含量的增加,燃速先上升后下降,当FOX-7含量为25%时,可将基础配方10 MPa下的燃速由5.87 mm·s^-1提高至14.90 mm·s^-1,当FOX-7含量由25%增至30%时,10 MPa下的燃速由14.90 mm·s^-1降至12.78 mm·s^-1,FOX-7含量由5%增加至30%时,6~16 MPa下的压力指数由0.97降至0.60;用等量细颗粒的FOX-7取代粗颗粒时,可使推进剂10 MPa下的燃速降低1.16 mm·s^-1,使推进剂6~14 MPa各压力区间的压力指数增大;B-Pb/B-Cu/CB催化剂可以将NC/TMETN/FOX-7基改性双基推进剂10 MPa下燃速由未加催化剂时的14.90 mm·s^-1提高至18.65 mm·s^-1,6~16 MPa下的压力指数由未加催化剂时的0.63降至0.35。     

DNTF在螺压高能硝胺改性双基推进剂中的应用

为探索3,4-二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DNTF)对改性双基推进剂(RDX/Al/CMDB)的影响,以DNTF逐渐取代螺压高能硝胺改性双基推进剂中的RDX进行验证试验。表征了引入DNTF后改性双基推进剂的工艺性能、力学性能、燃烧性能、安全性能以及能量特性。研究结果表明:DNTF的引入对推进剂加工工艺性能及化学安定性无不良影响; DNTF的引入不仅可以提高推进剂能量,对改善推进剂力学性能以及降低机械感度也是有益的。DNTF的引入可以适当提高推进剂燃速; 在引入的DNTF含量不超过10%时,燃速压力指数所受影响不明显。     

纳米铝粉在固体推进剂中的应用研究

采用与常规铝粉相比较的方法,考察了不同类型纳米铝粉的活性铝含量与燃烧热值,并对含纳米铝粉推进剂的燃烧性能、能量性能进行了测定.结果表明,纳米铝粉自身的能量性能要劣于常规铝粉,亦不能改善推进剂的能量性能,但纳米铝粉有利于提高推进剂的燃速,并降低燃速压强指数.     

HMX含量对丁羟四组元推进剂团聚及凝聚相燃烧产物的影响

奥克托今（HMX）作为含能材料在能够提高推进剂能量性能的同时可改变推进剂的燃烧过程,广泛用于固体推进剂中。为了研究HMX含量对推进剂点火、燃烧、团聚和凝聚相燃烧产物特性的影响,采用推进剂燃面拍摄、激光点火以及凝聚相燃烧产物收集方法对HMX含量在0%~10%范围内的典型四组元推进剂进行试验研究。结果表明：随着HMX含量由0%增加到10%,推进剂的点火延迟时间由191 ms增加到286 ms,推进剂的燃速和压强指数均减小,凝聚相燃烧产物的体积平均粒径D₄₃由48.1 μm增加到138.3 μm。含10%HMX的推进剂燃面上铝的团聚程度最大,而含8%HMX的推进剂凝聚相燃烧产物中活性铝的含量最高。     

CL-20基无烟NEPE推进剂的燃烧性能和能量性能研究

研究了CL-20部分代替RDX对不含燃速调节剂的无烟NEPE推进剂燃烧性能和能量性能的影响.结果表明,CL-20的加入明显提高了推进剂的燃速,CL-20含量为30%时,推进剂不同压强下的燃速均提高50%以上;CL-20替代推进剂中的RDX,明显改善了推进剂的能量性能,CL-20含量为30%时,推进剂的定容爆热增大9.2%,实测密度增大3.5%.     

碳纳米管(CNTs)对Al-CMDB推进剂燃烧性能及力学性能的影响

为了研究碳纳米管(CNTs)对含Al改性双基(Al?CMDB)推进剂燃烧性能和力学性能的影响,采用吸收?压延的方法制备了推进剂样品,用靶线法测试了推进剂的燃速,并计算了压强指数;测试了推进剂样品在高低常温时的拉伸强度及延伸率。通过扫描电镜、火焰照片、燃烧波、熄火表面形貌及元素分析和DSC分析了碳纳米管影响Al?CMDB推进剂燃烧性能的原因。结果表明,在Al?CMDB推进剂中加入0.7%碳纳米管在6～20 MPa可提高推进剂的燃速,其中6 MPa下燃速提高最多,为4.98 mm·s~(-1);6～20 MPa下压强指数从0.57降低为0.45。管径10～20 nm的碳纳米管能提高Al?CMDB推进剂高低常温的拉伸强度及延伸率。碳纳米管对推进剂的热分解峰温影响不明显,但可使推进剂分解放热量增加。     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Overview of Anti-tank Mines

First the different anti-tank mines laying possibilities are shortly summarized： hand emplaced, with mine layers, ground or helicopter relatively topographical well defined, and with cluster systems of projectiles, rockets and aircraft dispensers. Then examples of the three generations of anti-tank mines are presented：Ⅰ generation： detonating only beneath the track; Ⅱ generation： detonating beneath the track and belly; Ⅲ generation： mines with off-route actions. Weight and cost comparisons are strongly favoring the off-route Ⅲ-generation mines.     

A Finite Element Analysis on Static Strength of a Complex Section

A static finite element analysis （FEA） of an impulsive controller section is presented. The boundary condition and a part of the loads are applied. Considering the grades of the stress around the holes being large, the dense grids are adjusted accordingly. Four cases with different loads are compared, thus the influences of different loads on the section are analyzed. Numerical results show that the maximum stress of the section is lower than the strength limit of the material, and the section will not be broken with the static loads.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Discussion on Mechanism of Breech-Blow Caused by Propellant Charge

From the view point of launch safety caused by fracture of propellant charge, this paper points out that the safety criterion of pressure wave is inadequate to evaluate the launch safety of propellant charge based on the initial negative differential pressure and sensitivity tests. Generally, the maximum barrel pressure does not depend upon the intensity of pressure wave correspondingly. The pressure wave intensity can not describe the fracture degree of propellant charge in chamber and reflect the mechanical environment of propellant charge fracturing exactly and wholly. The evaluation criterion for launch safety of propellant charge should be built on the basis of depicting the fracture degree of propellant bed.