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本文综述了铂族金属(PGMs)资源储备、消费供应及二次资源回收情况,重点阐述了堇青石型废汽车尾气催化剂回收铂族金属的工艺。湿法工艺主要包括有价成分直接溶解法和载体溶解富集铂族金属法,废汽车尾气催化剂的预处理是提高浸出效率的关键因素,湿法技术工艺灵活、成本低、效率高、普及广,但存在―三废‖较难处理的问题;火法工艺主要有氯化挥发法和金属捕集法,常用的金属捕集剂主要有铜、铅、铁和锍等,火法工艺流程短、环境友好、富集效率高、易规模化生产。本文总结了各种技术的优势和不足,基于现有工艺存在的问题,提出采用绿色金属铋低温熔炼捕集铂族金属新工艺,为废汽车尾气催化剂中铂族金属的高效富集提出了一个新的思路。 相似文献
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铁捕集法从二次资源中回收铂族金属的工艺已经得到了工业化应用,捕集过程在电炉或等离子炉中进行。等离子炉熔炼富集物硅含量高,导致其结构致密、惰性、耐腐蚀,需要先除硅才能获得高的溶解率,除硅技术主要有碱融溶-浸出法、氧化分离法等;电炉熔炼富集物硬度极高、难以破碎,工艺上采用高压雾化-酸溶、碎化-酸溶、电解等工艺进行深度富集。本文综述了含铂族金属铁合金深度富集技术的研究现状,并对主要技术存在的优缺点进行了评述。随着各行业对铂族金属需求量的增加,对铂族金属回收率的要求将越来越高,因此,还需进一步完善铂族金属回收技术,提高铂族金属回收率。 相似文献
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我国铂族金属资源稀缺,从二次资源中回收铂族金属,对于实现可持续发展和环境保护都具有重要意义。综述了目前从报废汽车尾气净化催化剂中回收铂族金属的研究进展,包括预处理、富集和精炼与分离过程。预处理作用是打开废催化剂的包裹或增大与溶液的接触面积。富集是最回收废催化剂最为关键的步骤,湿法富集过程繁琐,周期较长、废水量较多,回收率不稳定。火法富集,以铁、铅、铜、锍的金属熔炼捕集为主,铅、锍熔炼过程会产生毒性物质,铜价格昂贵,而铁捕集具有经济廉价、且工艺流程短、无污染等特点,是未来处理汽车尾气催化剂的发展方向之一。精练与分离步骤包括沉淀、萃取、离子交换以及电解,其中电解法是未来的方向。 相似文献
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加压氰化处理铂钯硫化浮选精矿全湿法新工艺 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目前世界上所有知名的铂族金属生产厂均采用从硫化铜镍浮选精矿用火法熔炼高锍捕集铂族金属的工艺,整个流程十分繁冗,周期长,环境污染大.采用新研究成功的浮选精矿→加压氧化酸漫→加压氰化→置换富集贵金属的高效、低污染、短流程全湿法新工艺,对云南金宝山浮选精矿进行了批量为5 kg的扩大试验,并就S、Fe、SiO2、MgO及贵金属在全湿法工艺中的走向与传统火法工艺进行了比较讨论. 相似文献
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郭廷杰 《有色金属再生与利用》2007,(6):30-32
一、铂族金属的回收法亟待改进铂族金属的用途在不断扩大,但资源少价格高,所以它的再生利用在日本受到高度重视。铂族金属的主要回收技术有干法和湿法两类,干法为对含铂等废金属预处理后再加入铜、铅等金属进行高温冶炼以便从铜、铅的共生金属相中将铂族金属等抽提分离回收的方法。这种方法在日本广泛用于工业生产,由于它的回收率高和处理速度快,已成为回收技术的主流,其缺点是需设备规模大,能耗和成本 相似文献
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In the past decade, progress in the field of biohydrometallurgy had been significant. A total of 17 novel biomining microorganisms were discovered, and eight copper heap bioleaching plants and 11 gold biooxidation plants were established or expanded. In this review, it was summarized the physiological properties of the newly isolated biomining microorganisms and three novel microbial ecological methods for studying microbial community dynamics and structure. In addition, biohydrometallurgy research on rare metals such as uranium,molybdenum, tellurium, germanium, indium, and secondary rare metal resources, as well as heavy nonferrous metals such as copper, nickel, cobalt, and gold has been reviewed, with an emphasis on China. In future, further studies on bioleaching of chalcopyrite, rare metals, secondary resources from waste, and environmental pollution caused by resource utilization are necessary. 相似文献
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Most of the published literature on the recycling of scrapped electronic devices is listed in chronological order in Table I. In the 1970s and early to mid-1980s, the predominant method of recycling was blast furnace smelting in conjunction with secondary copper or lead smelters. Since the mid-1980s, the trend has shifted toward the hydrometallurgical processing of scrap. The emphasis has always been on the recovery of precious metals, namely gold, silver, platinum and palladium, from electronic scrap for their obvious economic values. In recent years, greater importance has been placed on the recovery of all metals, including low-concentration metals such as cadmium, because of increasingly strict environmental controls. The electronic scrap recycling program of the 1990s will ha ve to meet many objectives—efficient recovery of all metals, strict effluent and emission controls, the use of nontoxic reagents, maximum recycling of chemical reagents, and minimum energy requirements—in an economical and environmentally safe manner. 相似文献