集成遗传算法下板料激光弯曲成形工艺优化

将模拟退火的思想引入遗传算法,控制遗传算法的时间,提高运行效率.同时利用混沌优化处理初值,实现全局优化.利用惩罚函数法对目标函数的约束条件进行处理,扩大遗传算法的应用范围.并结合薄板料激光弯曲的例子,与标准遗传算法和神经网络算法进行了详细的比较.结果证明:集成遗传算法得到的工艺参数数值更合理,组合更优化.     

基于GA的直线伺服系统H∞优化控制的研究

针对永磁直线伺服系统存在的不确定性扰动,提出基于遗传算法(GA)的H∞混合灵敏度控制方法.根据永磁直线伺服系统的数学模型,对电流环采用PI控制,用根轨迹法来确定控制器的参数;以参考输入和扰动作为系统的输入向量,考虑系统对参考输入的跟踪和对扰动输入的抑制,将速度控制器设计归结为H∞混合灵敏度问题;在选择多个加权函数时,以性能指标作为相应的适应度函数,采用遗传算法选取加权函数,设计伺服系统的H∞优化控制器.对系统进行计算机仿真.仿真结果表明,用该方法设计的系统,其抑制扰动和跟踪给定信号的性能得到改善,满足高性能数控机床永磁直线伺服系统控制的要求.     

废杂铜精炼过程中动态多元多相平衡热力学模型

基于吉布斯最小自由能原理,建立基于时间离散的倾动炉杂铜精炼过程的动态多元多相平衡热力学模型。在与生产实践相同熔炼温度、风量、氧化及还原时间等操作工艺条件下,模拟计算各周期的各相组分含量。与生产数据相比,氧化造渣期粗铜相中Cu含量(质量分数)的绝对误差为0.050%,相对误差为0.050%;O含量的绝对误差为0.012%,相对误差为2.638%。还原期粗铜相中Cu含量的绝对误差为0.042%,相对误差为0.042%;0含量的绝对误差仅为0.006%,相对误差为4.267%。炉渣相中Cu、Fe含量绝对误差分别为1.052%和0.504%,相对误差分别为2.782%和5.143%。该模型基本能够反映倾动炉杂铜精炼过程中各相杂质的分布情况,可为倾动炉杂铜精炼中杂质分配规律的研究提供理论依据。     

基于遗传算法和神经网络的复杂对象的建模与优化

针对复杂对象全局优化结果较多,难以选取最佳参数组合的问题,提出了一种新适应度函数,其特点是使用了目标函数关于其影响参数的梯度之和。结合提出的新适应度函数,首先进行已知模型的遗传算法寻优,然后对神经网络构建的模型进行遗传算法寻优。两次试验结果都表明,搜索到的最佳性能目标对应的参数组合具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于改进遗传算法的孔群数控加工路径优化

针对孔群加工路径优化中遗传算法存在的局部最优和收敛速度慢等问题,提出采用模拟退火算法改进遗传算法进行路径优化。首先根据孔群数控加工的特点建立数学模型,采用遗传算法设计种群编码,建立适应度函数选择优秀种群,并对保留的优秀种群进行交叉、变异等操作,实现种群进化,其次引入模拟退火算法对其适应度函数进行拉伸处理,调整种群进化差异性而加速寻优进度,同时采用改进的Metropolis准则调整接受概率,调节旧种群和新种群的进化程度,增强遗传算法的全局搜索能力。实例表明:改进算法用于某模具的孔群加工,有效克服遗传算法的早熟现象,缩短收敛次数,平均路径缩短比例达6.9%,提高了加工效率,效果良好。     

基于遗传算法的泵控马达系统PID参数的整定

PID参数整定是一个多参数组合优化的问题,针对目前常用的工程整定法只能从系统的单项性能指标出发进行整定,而无法在全局范围内对PID参数进行组合优化,提出基于遗传算法的PID参数整定方法.这种方法充分利用遗传算法的适应度函数,引入所需的系统性能指标,对系统进行全面的参数设计.将该方法应用于泵控马达系统,取得了良好的控制效果,并将Ziegler-Nichols与遗传算法整定的PID控制系统响应曲线进行对比分析,证明基于遗传算法的PID参数整定方法的优越性.     

发动机隔热罩冲压成形的工艺参数优化

借助Dynaform数值模拟软件建立某型号发动机隔热罩的冲压成形仿真模型。在此基础上,选取冲压工艺参数为优化变量,定义最大减薄率和起皱率为评价指标,由此构建加权目标函数,采用均匀设计安排数值模拟试验和回归分析法分析试验数据,建立了工艺参数与加权目标函数的二次多项式回归模型,利用实数编码遗传算法对隔热罩冲压成形的最优工艺参数进行求解。数值模拟优化结果表明,针对隔热罩仿真模型,优化后的最大减薄率和起皱率分别为24.748%和6.791%,控制在较好范围内。     

改进PSO算法优化交流伺服系统PID参数研究

伺服系统PID控制参数的优化整定对系统可靠性和稳定性有着重要意义,而传统整定方式下参数优化整定时间较长、效果不佳、反应较慢。为了解决以上问题,提出一种优化交流伺服系统参数的控制方法。基于改进PSO算法实现惯性权重和学习因子随迭代次数的改变自适应调整,引入适应度函数快速优化整定PID控制器参数。利用MATLAB分别对基于遗传算法(GA)、量子遗传算法(QGA)、粒子群算法(PSO)的伺服系统PID参数整定进行仿真实验及对比分析。通过实验测试基于改进PSO算法和GA算法的PID控制器对伺服系统稳定性的影响。结果表明:利用改进PSO算法对PID参数进行优化整定,使得伺服系统具有鲁棒性强、稳定性高、超调量小等优点。     

基于改进的最小二乘支持向量机的退火炉内带钢延伸量预测

带钢在退火炉内进行长时间加热的过程中,由于炉内温度、张力以及带钢运行速度等变量间具有多重相关性且存在生产数据噪声,从而难以准确预测炉内带钢的延伸量。本文提出了一种基于遗传算法的BP神经网络理论(GA-BP神经网络)与最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)理论相结合的算法用于目标函数拟合,该算法兼顾最小二乘支持向量机的全局与局部拟合能力,有效避免算法陷入局部最优的缺点,利用改进的BP神经网络算法优化选择LSSVM 模型的惩罚因子和核函数参数,以避免人为选择参数的盲目性,使LSSVM具有更好的泛化能力和预测精度。将该方法应用到退火炉内带钢的延伸量预测,通过现场生产数据仿真模拟进行非线性函数估计,结果表明：本文所提出的方法具有良好的预测精度,可以应用于实际生产。     

基于遗传算法优化的LQR主动磁悬浮轴承控制

主动磁悬浮轴承(AMB)是利用电磁线圈将电能转化成电磁能为转轴提供支撑的机械装置。在当代工业制造领域,相较于传统轴承,主动磁悬浮轴承因为拥有无机械摩擦损耗、使用转速极高、功耗小、噪声低等优点,经常用于对转速、精度、使用环境有特殊要求的场合。针对此提出一种基于遗传算法优化的LQR控制方式,能够利用最优控制的快速响应、超调量小的优点实现轴承的迅速悬浮定位,同时使用遗传算法针对最优控制的Q和R参数进行优化。遗传算法通过模拟生物进化的过程搜索最优解的计算模型,根据系统输出量的误差设定遗传算法的适应度,得到目标函数的近似最优解,最后将优化后的参数代入模型,在MATLAB平台实现仿真运行。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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