粉末结构对HVOF金属陶瓷涂层腐蚀冲蚀磨损性能的影响

采用3种不同NiCr粘结相含量和两种不同尺度WC颗粒的金属陶瓷粉末,运用超音速火焰喷涂（HVOF）方法制备了Cr3 C2-NiCr、WC-12%Co涂层,在5%H2 SO4、15%棕刚玉和水混合介质条件下,运用腐蚀冲蚀磨损试验机测定了涂层在45°冲蚀角下的失重量变化规律,研究了喷涂粉末NiCr含量和WC颗粒尺度对所沉积金属陶瓷涂层耐腐蚀冲蚀磨损性能的影响。结果表明,HVOF喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr、WC-12%Co涂层在5%H2SO4、15%棕刚玉和水混合介质条件下的腐蚀冲蚀率均低于低碳钢,并且Cr3 C2-NiCr涂层的抗腐蚀冲蚀性能要优于WC-12%Co涂层。Cr3 C2-40%NiCr和Cr3 C2-25%NiCr涂层其腐蚀冲蚀率低于Cr3 C2-10%NiCr涂层,与纳米尺度WC颗粒相比,微米尺度WC颗粒所制备的WC-12%Co涂层的抗腐蚀冲蚀性能较好。     

HVOF喷涂纳米WC-12Co涂层的性能研究

为促进HVOF喷涂纳米WC-12Co涂层在工业上的应用,采用HVOF喷涂法分别制备了纳米和微米结构WC-12Co涂层.研究了涂层的结合强度,测试了两种涂层的显微硬度及耐冲蚀磨损性能,并利用扫描电镜对喷涂粉末、涂层显微组织、冲蚀表面形貌进行了分析.研究结果表明：两种涂层中纳米涂层显微硬度是普通涂层的1.5倍,最高达到1610 HV,纳米涂层中W C颗粒的分布更均匀,冲蚀率是微米级涂层的1/2左右,性能更优越.     

不同尺度碳化物粉末冷喷沉积WC-17%Co涂层的组织及性能

采用团聚烧结和机械混合工艺制备的4种纳米与微米碳化物比例的WC-17%Co粉末,运用冷喷涂进行涂层定点沉积试验,通过扫描电镜和X-射线衍射分别分析了涂层的组织结构和相结构,并测定了涂层的显微硬度和磨粒磨损失重量.结果表明,4种碳化物尺度粉末沉积涂层具有致密的组织结构,喷涂态涂层保持与原始粉末相同的相结构,涂层显微硬度随碳化物尺度在12 897～15 925 MPa范围变化,粉末中纳米碳化物与微米碳化物颗粒重量比为50∶50时,沉积涂层具有较好的磨粒磨损性能.涂层磨损表面分析表明,涂层的磨损行为表现为涂层的磨粒磨损失重量在2.67～5.53 mg范围变化.     

超音速火焰喷涂纳米结构WC-12Co涂层耐泥沙冲蚀性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)分别制备了纳米结构、双峰结构及微米结构WC-12Co金属陶瓷复合涂层,比较了不同结构WC-12Co涂层的组织结构及显微硬度,进行了不同结构WC-12Co涂层和Ni60喷熔层的泥浆冲蚀磨损试验,并探讨了它们的泥浆冲蚀机理.结果表明:采用超音速火焰喷涂制备的纳米结构及双峰结构WC-12Co涂层结构致密,涂层显微硬度明显高于微米结构WC-12Co涂层;与微米结构WC-12Co涂层相比,纳米结构和双峰结构WC-12Co涂层具有更优良的抗泥浆冲蚀性能,其耐泥浆冲蚀性能分别提高了50%及20%以上.     

纳米稀土对热喷涂WC-12Co涂层的改性作用

利用超音速火焰喷涂技术在45钢基体上制备了不同纳米稀土含量的WC-12Co涂层。通过物相分析并测定材料的显微硬度、结合强度、磨损性能,研究纳米稀土对WC-12Co涂层的改性作用。结果表明:适量纳米稀土的加入使WC-12Co涂层的显微硬度和结合强度显著提高,并且纳米稀土的加入有效地抑制了WC颗粒的脱碳,使组织细化。当纳米稀土含量在1.5wt%时,涂层的耐磨性最好。     

复合添加晶粒长大抑制剂对WC-12Co超细晶硬质合金涂层性能的影响

利用真空原位还原碳化反应合成超细WC-12Co复合粉末,通过复合添加不同含量的晶粒长大抑制剂VC和Cr_3C_2,经团聚造粒获得喷涂用复合粉末喂料,采用超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂系统制备WC-12Co涂层。利用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对涂层的物相、显微组织结构等进行了系统表征,并对涂层耐磨性进行了测试分析。结果表明:WC-12Co涂层中WC晶粒的平均尺寸,随着晶粒长大抑制剂的增加而减小,且抑制剂的添加使涂层的摩擦系数降低;当复合添加抑制剂总含量(质量分数)为1.0%时,WC-12Co涂层的显微硬度(HV_(0.3))达到最大值13 670 MPa,且涂层的磨损速率最低;随抑制剂含量进一步增加,WC-12Co涂层的显微硬度逐渐降低,磨损速率增加,涂层的耐磨性降低。     

HVOF喷涂纳米结构WC-12Co涂层的组织结构分析

纳米结构WC-12Co涂层的研究目前已受到了广泛重视,对其组织结构及影响因素的研究有利于提高涂层性能.采用HVOF工艺制备了纳米结构、多峰结构及普通微米结构3种WC-12Co金属陶瓷复合涂层,并采用SEM、XRD等对粉末及涂层的显微形貌、组织结构进行了分析;探讨了粉末在喷涂过程中的氧化脱碳机理,并指出了与之相关的影响因素.结果表明:纳米结构WC-12Co涂层结构致密,孔隙率低,与基体结合状态良好;纳米粉末在喷涂过程中比微米粉末氧化失碳严重,并发生了不同的纳米晶粒的长大;纳米粉末在喷涂过程中的氧化脱碳程度不仅与喷涂工艺有关,还在很大程度上取决于粉末本身的结构特性.     

爆炸喷涂WC-12Co/MoS_2复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能

为进一步提高爆炸喷涂WC-12Co涂层的耐磨性,在WC-12Co合金粉末中添加不同比例的MoS2粉末,利用爆炸喷涂技术在Q235钢表面制备了系列WC-12Co/MoS2复合涂层.采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计及摩擦磨损试验机对WC-12Co/MoS2复合涂层的微观组织形貌、结构、显微硬度、摩擦磨损性能进行了研究.结果表明,MoS2均匀的分布于复合涂层中,当MoS2含量为2%时,复合涂层的硬度、致密度变化不大,但摩擦系数和磨损率大幅度下降,分别为WC-12Co涂层的50%和36%.随着MoS2含量的增加,复合涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率均呈上升趋势.     

深振荡磁控溅射复合沉积CrN/TiN超晶格涂层的摩擦学性能

研究了IN718高温合金、WC-6%Co硬质合金和Si(100)基体上深振荡磁控溅射复合沉积CrN/TiN超晶格涂层的摩擦学性能。研究表明,涂层的生长对基体的类型没有选择性。随着基体硬度的升高,划痕结合力失效临界载荷增大,涂层结合力失效机制由翘曲失效转变为基体/涂层协同变形,未发现涂层的剥落失效。载荷为2N时,磨损机制由磨粒磨损和氧化磨损转变为轻微磨粒磨损。载荷为4 N时,IN 718基体上涂层的磨损机制为严重的氧化磨损,WC-6%Co基体上的涂层的磨损机制为磨粒磨损和氧化磨损,氧化物的产生、堆积和转移导致摩擦系数的波动。     

船用辅汽轮机转子汽封轴颈喷涂WC–12Co涂层的摩擦学性能

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术和电镀技术分别在45钢试件表面制备了WC-12Co涂层和硬铬镀层,测试了涂层、镀层的显微硬度和室温摩擦磨损性能,并观察分析了磨损表面形貌。结果表明:WC-12Co涂层的显微硬度是电镀硬铬层的1.5倍以上;在时间为1.5h,载荷为20N和100N的试验条件下,电镀硬铬层摩擦磨损失质量分别为WC-12Co涂层的3倍和4倍,表明WC-12Co涂层的耐磨性能明显优于电镀硬铬镀层;与硬铬镀层相比,WC-12Co涂层能缩短磨合时间,较快地进入稳定磨损阶段,该阶段因WC-12Co涂层摩擦因数低,波动范围小,更有利于摩擦状态下延长工件的使用寿命。将超音速火焰喷涂技术用于修复汽轮机转子汽封轴颈,可极大提高汽轮机转子的性能,降低维修频率,延长使用寿命。     

Microstructure and properties of Al2O3-13%TiO2 coatings sprayed using nanostructured powders

The microstructure and wear performance of M203-13% TiO2 coatings prepared by plasma spraying of agglom- erated nanoparticle powders were investigated. SEM analysis showed that the as-sprayed Al2O3-TiO2 coatings comprise of two kinds of typical region： fully melted region and unmelted/partially melted nanostructured region, which is different than the conventional coating with lamellar structure. It is shown that the microhardness of the nanostructured coatings was about 15%-30% higher than that of the conventional coating and the wear resistance is significantly improved, especially under a high wear load. The nanostructured coating sprayed at a lower power shows a lower wear resistance than the coatings produced at a higher power, because of the presence of pores and microstructural defects which are detrimental to the fracture toughness of the coatings.     

Sliding and Rolling Wear Behavior of HVOF-Sprayed Coatings Derived from Conventional, Fine and Nanostructured WC-12Co Powders

Fine structured and nanostructured materials represent a promising class of feedstock for future applications, which has also attracted increasing interest in the thermal spray technology. Within the field of wear protection, the application of fine structured or nanostructured WC-Co powders in the High Velocity Oxy-Fuel flame spraying technique (HVOF) provides novel possibilities for the manufacturing of cermet coatings with improved mechanical and tribological characteristics. In this study the tribological behavior of HVOF sprayed coatings derived from conventional, fine and nanostructured WC-12Co powders under sliding and rolling wear are investigated and the results are compared to C45 steel (Mat.-No. 1.0503). In addition, sliding and rolling wear effects on a microscopic level are scrutinized. It has been shown that under optimized spray conditions the corresponding fine and nanostructured WC-12Co coatings are able to obtain higher wear resistances and lower friction coefficients than the conventional coatings. This can be attributed to several scaling effects of the microstructure and to the phase evolution of the coating, which are discussed.     

等离子喷涂纳米硫化亚铁自润滑涂层的分析与摩擦学性能

摩擦磨损是造成零部件失效的重要原因,而摩擦磨损过程主要发生在固体的表面,等离子喷涂纳米硫化亚铁自润滑涂层能够有效地减少摩擦面的磨擦和磨损.本研究利用自制的纳米尺寸的硫化亚铁颗粒作为等离子喷涂的喂料,在钢基体表面制成了纳米硫化亚铁自润滑涂层.等离子喷涂制得的涂层成分以硫化亚铁为主,经过XRD分析结果的计算,涂层是纳米结构的硫化亚铁颗粒构成的.用等离子喷涂纳米硫化亚铁自润滑涂层进行摩擦磨损试验,结果表明该涂层具有明显优于热处理后GCr15钢的摩擦磨损性能,相同试验条件下摩擦系数降低了1/3～1/2,磨损体积减小50%～70%,而且在真空条件下的摩擦磨损性能比在大气压下还要好,摩擦系数降低1/3,磨损量降低了70%.     

特征喷涂参数对等离子喷涂纳米 Al2 O3 -13%TiO2涂层微观结构及耐磨性能的影响

目的研究等离子喷涂纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2的特征喷涂参数(CPSP)对涂层微观结构及耐磨性能的影响,探索更合理的等离子喷涂工艺参数。方法采用等离子喷涂,在Q235钢表面制备过渡层为NiCrAl、陶瓷层为纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2的涂层系统。对涂层试样进行高温和常温磨损性能测试,并对比分析喷涂粉末、涂层的微观结构和相组成。结果纳米涂层为微观双模结构,由部分熔化区和完全熔化区组成,存在裂纹、孔隙等缺陷,其主要物相为α-Al2O3,γ-Al2O3和rutile-TiO2。纳米涂层磨损失效的主要原因是内部板条的分层剥落和涂层表面材料的塑性变形切削。结论随着CPSP的增大,纳米涂层的耐磨性能增强,且高温磨损性能较室温磨损性能为差。纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2涂层微观结构中部分熔化区结构和纳米晶粒的存在显著提高了涂层的耐磨性。     

Nanostructured Al-Based Metal Matrix Composite Coating Production by Pulsed Gas Dynamic Spraying Process

The advantage of combining cryomilling and pulsed gas dynamic spraying (PGDS) processes in order to produce a nanostructured, dense and wear resistant coating was demonstrated. Cryomilling was successfully employed to synthesize particulate B₄C reinforced Al matrix nanocomposite feedstock powders, while the PGDS process shows the ability of preserving the microstructure of the starting material. In this study, nanocrystalline and conventional Al5356?+?20%B₄C composite as well as the unreinforced Al5356 alloy feedstock powders were used. The influence of the nature of the feedstock material on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings was studied. The PGDS process provides an opportunity to preserve the phase of the starting material, to produce hard and dense coatings with good cohesion between deformed particles and good adhesion to the substrate. High dry sliding wear resistance was observed when cryomilled composite material was used.     

Effect of Atmospheric Plasma Spraying Power on Microstructure and Properties of WC-(W,Cr)2C-Ni Coatings

WC-(W,Cr)₂C-Ni coatings were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) with different spraying powers. The effect of spraying power on microstructure, phase composition, hardness, fracture toughness, and oscillating dry friction and wear behaviors of the coatings were studied. Simultaneously, the microstructure and properties of the as-sprayed coatings were compared with those of WC-17Co coating prepared under the optimal spraying power. It was found that spraying power had significant effect on the molten degree of feedstock powder and phase composition as well as microstructure and properties of WC-(W,Cr)₂C-Ni coatings. WC-(W,Cr)₂C-Ni coating deposited at a moderate spraying power of 22.5?kW had the highest fracture toughness and the best wear resistance. WC-17Co coating obtained under the moderate spraying power had poor fracture toughness and wear resistance. Moreover, the four kinds of coatings were all dominated by subsurface cracking and removal of materials when sliding against Si₃N₄ ball under unlubricated conditions.     

WC-Co复合粉末的原位合成及于硬质合金涂层制备中的应用

目的为解决超细/纳米WC-Co热喷涂时易于脱碳等瓶颈问题,制备具有高的硬度、断裂韧性、耐磨性和表面质量等优异综合性能的超细及纳米结构硬质合金涂层,并推广其在工业领域中的应用。方法以原位合成技术批量制备的超细/纳米WC-Co复合粉末为原料,利用团聚造粒技术制备得到具有高球形度和致密性,并保持原有超细/纳米结构的喷涂喂料粉末,利用超音速火焰喷涂工艺制备低脱碳、高致密的超细结构WC基涂层。结果降低喂料粉末孔隙度可有效减少涂层中W2C等脱碳相的含量,在优化工艺下制备的超细结构WC基涂层的硬度达到1450HV0.3以上,韧性相对于常规微米结构涂层提高40%以上,在两种载荷和磨料条件下均表现出更高的耐磨性。结论利用原位反应技术批量合成的超细/纳米WC-Co复合粉制备的硬质合金涂层具有优良的综合性能,可应用于对涂层的硬度、耐磨性、强韧性配合和表面质量有较高要求的工况。     

激光熔覆TiC增强FeAl金属间化合物基复合材料涂层磨损性研究

利用激光熔覆技术在1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制得了以TiC为增强相、以FeAl 金属间化合物为基体的耐磨复合材料涂层，研究了激光熔覆。FiC／FeAl复合材料涂层在干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性能及磨损机制。结果表明：随着载荷和滑动速率的增加，TiC／FeAl金属间化合物基复合材料涂层的磨损速率增加，其磨损机制随着载荷的增加逐渐由磨料磨损向粘着磨损转变；激光熔覆层中TiC体积分数的增加，一方面提高了涂层的磨料磨损抗力，另一方面降低了熔覆层表面与对磨材料之间的粘着倾向，提高了TiC／FeAl涂层的滑动磨损性能。激光熔覆TiC/FeAl金属间化合物基复合材料涂层具有优异的耐磨性能并随TiC体积分数的增加而提高。     

Examination of the wear properties of HVOF sprayed nanostructured and conventional WC-Co cermets with different binder phase contents

There has been an increase in interest of late regarding the properties of thermally sprayed WC-Co cermets with nanograin carbide particles. These powders have shown interesting properties in sintered components, giving high values of hardness (2200–2300 VHN) and improved wear properties. The method used for the processing for these materials—solution formation, spray drying and chemical conversion, rather than introduction of WC as solid particles to a molten binder—allows the formation of sub-100 nm WC particles as a hard second phase. The work presented here examined the effect of composition on the microstructure and wear properties of some nanostructured WC-Co materials. WC-Co cermets with 8, 10, 12, and 15% Co binder phase were deposited using a Sulzer Metco hybrid DJ HVOF thermal spray system. Optimization of deposition conditions was necessary because of the unique morphology of the powders (thick-shelled hollow spheres) to produce dense consolidated deposits. There is a higher degree of decarburization of the WC phase in the nanostructured materials compared with the conventional WC-Co. This dissolution of the hard phase is also noted to increase on decreasing binder phase content. The nanostructured WC-Co coatings have a lower wear resistance compared with the conventional WC-Co for abrasive wear and small particle erosion. The abrasive wear resistance of these nanostructured materials was found to increase on decreasing cobalt binder content. This trend in abrasive wear resistance is consistent with studies on conventional sized cermets and is believed to be more dependent upon proportion of binder phase content than degree of decarburization for the materials studied. The small particle erosion resistance of the nanostructured coatings was found to increase on increasing cobalt content.     

A Comparison of Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of Nanostructured and Conventional WC-12Co Detonation-Sprayed Coatings

In the present study, WC-12Co coatings were deposited by detonation-spraying technique using conventional and nanostructured WC-12Co feedstock at four different oxy/fuel ratios (OF ratio). The coatings exhibited the presence of phases like W₂C and W due to the decarburization of the WC phase, and the proportions of these phases were higher in the nano WC-12Co coatings compared with conventional WC-12Co coatings. Coating hardness and fracture toughness were measured. The tribological performance of coatings was examined under dry sand rubber wheel abrasion wear, and solid particle erosion wear conditions. The mechanical and wear properties of coatings were influenced by degree of decarburization and more so in the case of nanostructured WC-Co coatings. The results indicate that the extent of decarburization has a substantial influence on the elastic modulus of the coating which in turn is related to the extent of intersplat cracking of the coating.