5A05铝合金表面超疏水结构的制备及耐腐蚀性研究

腐蚀失效是制约铝基金属构筑物应用与发展的瓶颈。作为一种稳定的功能性改良新技术,表面超疏水化为解决金属腐蚀问题提供了有效途径。本文以5A05铝合金为研究对象,提出一种简单低成本的制备方法,实现了超疏水/耐腐蚀表面的可控构筑。采用电火花线切割技术,开展基材表面微米级褶皱与纳米级凹坑结构的一步高效制备研究,并对结构改性后的润湿性和耐腐蚀性进行系统测量与表征。结果表明,改性后的表面水滴静态接触角高达152.7°,滚动角仅为7.1°,表现出优异的超疏水性。进一步的电化学测试结果表明,超疏水表面通过改变界面作用行为,减弱了固-气-液复合接触界面间腐蚀介质的作用行为与过程,对表面耐腐蚀性产生决定性影响。本研究为拓展铝合金的工程应用奠定了坚实基础,尤其在海洋工程领域显示出巨大的应用潜力。     

One-pot fluorine-free superhydrophobic surface towards corrosion resistance and water droplet bouncing

The drawbacks of artificial fabrication methods of superhydrophobic surface including multistep operations, time-consuming and fluorine-containing chemicals employment lead to inefficient preparation, severe environmental pollution, and safety concerns, restricting the large-scale manufacturing and promising applications. Herein, a fluorine-free stearic acid-based one-pot hydrothermal strategy was employed to simultaneously achieve surface roughness and low surface energy, transforming the surface wettability from hydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity. The as-fabricated superhydrophobic 5083 Al alloy surface exhibits excellent water-droplet bouncing, ultralow surface adhesion force, and repeatable self-cleaning ability. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results reveal that the impedance modulus value |Z|_{0.01 Hz} was remarkably improved, demonstrating a high-efficiency corrosion resistance. We believe that the one-pot fluorine-free hydrothermal-fabricated superhydrophobic surface can be considered as an efficient barrier against corrosive environments, and being beneficial for the functional applications of metallic materials.     

基于多孔黏结层的超疏水复合涂层制备及其耐磨性研究

目的 提高超疏水涂层的耐磨性。方法 采用底面复合方法增强超疏水涂层的附着性和耐磨性，通过发泡剂在树脂底漆表面形成均匀孔隙结构，使喷涂于底漆表面的部分超疏水纳米颗粒嵌入孔隙中，通过硬化树脂的凸起结构有效保护超疏水纳米颗粒，从而提高涂层整体的耐磨性。在摩擦磨损试验机上开展橡胶磨损测试，综合评价涂层的耐磨性能，并通过扫描电子显微镜和同轴光学显微镜对涂层表面的原始形貌及磨损形貌进行分析，通过接触角测量仪对涂层磨损前后的表面润湿性进行测试。结果 当异构十六烷的质量分数为50%、预热温度为130℃、预热时间为100 s时，在底漆表面可形成较深且分布均匀的孔隙结构，基于该底漆制备的超疏水复合涂层的耐磨性相对更好。在30 N载荷下，优化涂层经橡胶磨损700次后，仍能保持较好的疏水性。结论 通过发泡剂对底面复合涂层进行改进，可有效提高超疏水纳米涂层与基底之间的黏结强度；底漆表面的孔隙结构有利于超疏水颗粒的嵌入，充分利用硬化树脂的凸起结构对嵌入的超疏水颗粒进行保护，可有效提高底面复合超疏水涂层的整体耐磨性。     

热喷涂金属基防滑耐磨涂层的研究进展

采用热喷涂技术制备的金属基防滑涂层能有效增强材料表面间的摩擦阻力,同时在耐磨及防腐等方面表现出良好的性能,在工业生产、海洋平台及船舶甲板等领域有广泛应用。相对于高分子防滑涂层,金属基涂层具有使用寿命长、摩擦系数稳定、不使用有毒溶剂等优点。首先介绍了金属基防滑涂层的防滑原理、制备工艺及特点,分别阐述了四类金属基(Al基、Fe基、NiCr基和Co基)防滑涂层的研究现状及其应用背景,分析喷涂工艺参数、粉末参数、服役环境等因素对涂层摩擦学行为的影响规律。作为防滑涂层,Al基涂层具有良好的耐腐蚀性能且价格相对低廉;Fe基、NiCr基均表现出较好的抗高温磨损性能及耐蚀性能,但Fe基非晶涂层成本偏高;Co基涂层的低温耐磨性较优越。在实际应用中需要根据服役条件选择防滑材料,再根据材料本身特性选取相应的喷涂工艺。最后提出新型防滑材料、涂层制备技术及先进表征技术应是今后金属基防滑涂层的重点研究方向。     

Corrosion Performance Based on the Microstructural Array of Al-Based Monotectic Alloys in a NaCl Solution

The aim of this study is to compare the electrochemical behavior of three monotectic Al-based alloys (Al-Pb, Al-Bi, and Al-In) in a 0.5 M NaCl solution at room temperature. Two distinct microstructure arrays were experimentally obtained for each Al monotectic alloy by using a water-cooled unidirectional solidification system. Results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) plots, potentiodynamic polarization curves, and impedance parameters obtained by an equivalent circuit analysis are discussed. It was found that the Al-Pb alloy has lower corrosion current density, higher polarization resistance, lower relative weight, and cost than the corresponding values of Al-Bi and Al-In alloys. It is also shown that the electrochemical behavior of the three alloys examined are intimately correlated with the scale of the corresponding microstructure, with smaller droplets and spacings (i.e., cell and interphase spacings) being associated with a decrease in the corrosion resistance.     

超疏水Co-MoS2复合镀层的制备及其性能

采用一步电沉积法制备了具有优异耐磨耐蚀的超疏水Co-MoS₂复合镀层。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、激光共聚焦显微镜、接触角测试仪及电化学工作站等系统研究了电流密度和电沉积时间对复合镀层的微观形貌结构、润湿性、自清洁效果、耐磨和耐蚀性能的影响规律及机理。结果表明,当电流密度为20 A/dm²,电沉积时间为30 min时,Co-MoS₂复合镀层实现超疏水效果,接触角达到最大值约151.4°,具有良好的自清洁防污性能。在2.5 kPa压力下与800 目砂纸摩擦1200 mm后,镀层表面仍具有高于146°接触角的良好疏水性,表现出优异的耐磨性能。该超疏水复合镀层还具有较好的耐腐蚀性能。一步电沉积法简单、经济高效且环保制备了高性能超疏水复合镀层,可望实现超疏水材料的实际应用。     

平行沟槽织构对TB6钛合金表面润湿性、摩擦学性能和耐腐蚀性的改善

提出了一种快速制备具有超疏水性、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性的Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al （TB6）钛合金表面的方法。通过纳秒激光器对抛光的钛合金进行精确烧蚀,构筑了具有平行微沟槽阵列特征的织构表面。随后,利用紫外线灯照射和十八烷基三氯硅烷溶液浸渍进行化学改性,进一步增强了表面的疏水性。从表面形态和化学组分的角度分析了微沟槽间隔对织构表面润湿性的影响。结果表明,在干滑动、水润滑和油润滑条件下,所制备的超疏水表面相较于原始亲水表面,平均摩擦系数分别降低了34%、56%和59%。此外,分析了相关摩擦系数变化的机理。通过动电位极化测试验证,所制备的超疏水表面展现出优异的耐腐蚀性,为钛合金基体提供了有效的长期保护。     

2024Al与SiC_p/2024Al复合材料的腐蚀与腐蚀控制研究

用电化学方法和腐蚀失重法研究了 ２０２４Ａｌ和ＳｉＣｐ／２０２４Ａｌ复合材料在 ３．５％ＮａＣｌ水溶液中的耐蚀性,用电化学阻 抗技术对它们的硫酸阳极氧化膜保护性进行了跟踪评价．结果表明ＳｉＣｐ／２０２４Ａｌ在 ３．５％ＮａＣｌ水溶液中比 ２０２４Ａｌ有较大的 腐蚀敏感性．２０２４Ａｌ表面的阳极氧化膜,经热水封闭后,可提供相当好的保护作用．热水封闭的Ｓｉｐ／２０２４Ａｌ阳极氧化膜, 具有良好的耐 ＮａＣｌ溶液腐蚀能力,由于氧化膜中ＳｉＣ颗粒的存在破坏了氧化膜的完整性和均匀性,故其耐蚀性不如 ２０２４ Ａｌ 合金的阳极氧化膜．     

阳极氧化法构筑的铝基超疏水表面及其耐蚀性能

通过接触角测量仪、扫描电镜、红外光谱、电化学工作站对经阳极氧化及低表面能物质修饰相结合处理的7075铝合金的表面的形貌、化学成分和耐蚀性能进行了表征。结果表明:阳极氧化法构筑的珊瑚状微纳结构和低表面能十四酸的协同效应赋予了7075铝合金表面超疏水性能。当草酸浓度40 g/L、电流密度20 A/dm²、阳极氧化时间10 min时,获得的铝合金超疏水表面接触角最大,为152°,耐蚀性能最好,腐蚀速率比铝合金基体降低了4个数量级,同时具有优异的防污和自清洁性能。     

Design and characterization of selective laser-melted Ti6Al4V–5Cu alloy for dental implants

Ti6Al4V–5Cu alloys have potential biomedical applications due to their adequate antibacterial properties. However, the wear and corrosion properties of these alloys are also crucial for dental implants. In the present study, Ti6Al4V–5Cu alloys were fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The microstructure and composition of Ti6Al4V–5Cu alloys by SLM were evaluated. The wear properties of the alloys in the simulated saliva environment and the atmospheric environment, as well as the electrochemical properties in the simulated saliva environment, were systematically investigated. The results showed that the crystal structure of Ti6Al4V–5Cu alloys was mainly composed of α-Ti and Ti₂Cu. In the SLM process, no preferred texture was observed due to the complex direction of the heat flux. The formation of Ti₂Cu can improve the strength of the material and make the titanium copper alloy have higher microhardness. Ti6Al4V–5Cu alloy showed a satisfactory wear resistance in both wear media. The addition of Cu reduced the second-phase content of the alloy. Meanwhile, the number of microcells was reduced, which was a positive factor to improve the corrosion resistance of the alloys.     

掺杂镍对镁合金表面冷喷涂锌基涂层性能的影响

目的研究镍添加对冷喷涂锌基涂层耐蚀性的影响,为镁合金提供有效的防护涂层。方法采用低压冷喷涂技术在镁合金基体表面分别制备锌基和锌/镍基复合涂层,通过微观观察、摩擦磨损实验、电化学极化法和电化学阻抗谱测试及全浸泡腐蚀试验,研究镁合金表面冷喷涂涂层的结构、摩擦磨损行为和耐蚀性。结果镁合金表面冷喷涂锌基涂层后,其硬度和耐磨性得到显著提高,掺镍后的锌/镍基涂层具有更高的硬度和耐磨性。锌基和锌/镍基涂层均能为镁合金提供腐蚀防护,锌/镍基涂层比锌基涂层具有更好的耐蚀性。相对镁合金来说,锌基涂层和锌/镍基涂层的自腐蚀电位分别正移了260 mV和560 mV;长期腐蚀后锌/镍基涂层形成了更致密的腐蚀产物膜,腐蚀电阻显著高于锌基涂层。结论冷喷涂锌基和锌/镍复合涂层均能对镁合金提供防护作用,掺杂镍后的锌/镍基复合涂层具有更高的硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性。     

Corrosion and wear resistance of AZ31 Mg alloy treated by duplex process of magnetron sputtering and plasma electrolytic oxidation

In order to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of AZ31 magnesium alloy, a magnetron-sputtered Al layer with a thickness of 11 μm was firstly applied on the alloy, and then treated by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in an aluminate and silicate electrolytes, respectively. The performance of PEO coatings was investigated by dry sliding wear and electrochemical corrosion tests. The aluminate coating exhibits excellent wear resistance under both 10 and 20 N loads. The silicate coating only shows low wear rate under 10 N, but it was destroyed under 20 N. Corrosion tests show that the Al layer after magnetron sputtering treatment alone cannot afford good protection to the Mg substrate. However, the duplex layer of PEO/Al can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of AZ31 alloy. Electrochemical tests show that the aluminate and silicate coatings have corrosion current densities of ∼1.6×10⁻⁶ and ∼1.1×10⁻⁶ A/cm², respectively, which are two orders lower than that of the un-coated AZ31 alloy. However, immersion tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) show that the aluminate coating exhibits better long-term corrosion protection than silicate coating.     

镁合金表面防腐蚀超疏水涂层制备研究进展

镁合金是一种有发展前途的绿色工程金属材料，但其较差的抗腐蚀性能限制了它的大规模应用。对镁合金表面进行超疏水处理，能够极大地提高镁合金的耐腐蚀性能。当超疏水试样浸泡在腐蚀溶液中时，该结构将在腐蚀介质中形成固-气-液界面层，减少镁合金表面与腐蚀介质之间的接触面积，从而降低腐蚀速度。超疏水表面需要满足微纳米结构和低表面能2个必要条件。可以采用二步法或一步法在镁合金表面制备超疏水表面，详细介绍了在镁合金表面构造微纳米结构的方法，包括激光处理、机加工、化学刻蚀、化学镀、电化学沉积、阳极氧化、微弧氧化、水热合成和喷涂等方法。超疏水表面一旦受到机械损伤，微纳米结构无法满足条件，超疏水表面的“气垫效应”消失，腐蚀介质就会直接与微纳米结构接触，因此需要保证构建的微纳米粗糙结构对镁基体具有良好的保护作用并具有自愈功能。通过制备复合涂层，提高下层微纳米结构的自愈合性能，上层涂层的超疏水性与下层涂层的良好物理屏障能力的协同效应可以改善涂层的长久耐腐蚀性能。综述了在镁合金上制备具有良好耐腐蚀性能的复合超疏水表面的方法，并对镁合金超疏水表面防护技术的研究方向进行了展望。     

Al含量对Al-Mg2Si复合涂层耐蚀耐磨性能的影响

目的在AZ31B镁合金表面火焰喷涂制备Al-Mg_2Si复合涂层,研究其耐腐蚀和耐磨性能。方法用SEM、电化学测试仪、高速往复摩擦磨损测试仪和超景深三维显微镜检测分析不同成分配比的Al-Mg_2Si复合涂层的耐腐蚀和摩擦磨损性能。结果 Al-Mg_2Si复合涂层的电位较AZ31B镁合金基体正,且Al含量越少,电位正移越明显。Al(20%)-Mg_2Si复合涂层的自腐蚀电位正移得最多,正移了0.5288 V;自腐蚀电流密度最小,为3.298×10-6 A/cm2。Al加入量越少,复合涂层的磨损率和摩擦系数越小,当Al质量分数为20%时,两者均达到最小值,分别为2.48×10-4 mm3/(N·mm)和0.25。结论 Al含量越少,Al-Mg_2Si复合涂层的耐蚀和耐磨性能越好。     

镁合金表面冷喷涂层防护研究进展

镁合金作为最轻质的金属结构材料,由于其密度低和比强度高等优良的物理和力学性能,在航空、航天、汽车以及电子等领域引起广泛关注。然而,镁合金化学性质活泼、耐腐蚀和耐磨损性差等缺点严重制约其进一步应用。近些年发展起来的冷喷涂技术,在固态下制备涂层,涂层致密且与基体结合良好,因此可为镁合金表面防护提供一种新的有效方法。主要综述了镁合金表面冷喷涂耐腐蚀涂层(纯铝、铝合金和复合材料涂层)和耐磨损涂层(合金和复合材料涂层),论述了影响冷喷涂层耐腐蚀、耐磨损以及其他力学性能(硬度和涂层/基体结合强度)的主要因素,包括杂质元素含量、合金种类以及复合材料涂层中陶瓷颗粒含量、尺寸和形貌等。对比了几种常用表面处理技术制备的纯铝涂层的耐腐蚀性能,并阐述了冷喷涂技术在镁合金表面防护方面的优势。此外,还分析了热处理对冷喷涂纯铝和复合材料涂层耐蚀性的影响。最后提出了目前冷喷涂技术在镁合金防护方面的局限性以及发展难题,对未来研究趋势进行了展望。     

Preparation and electrochemical characterization of Ti-based amorphous metallic glass with high strength

Ti-based amorphous metallic glasses have excellent mechanical, physical, and chemical properties, which is an important development direction and research hotspot of metal composite reinforcement. As a stable, simple, efficient, and large-scale preparation technology of metallic powders, the gas atomization process provides an effective way of preparing amorphous metallic glasses. In this study, the controllable fabrication of a Ti-based amorphous powder, with high efficiency, has been realized by using gas atomization. The scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive spectrometer, and X-ray diffraction are used to analyze surface morphology, element distribution, and phase structure, respectively. A microhardness tester is used to measure the mechanical property. An electrochemical workstation is used to characterize corrosion behavior. The results show that as-prepared microparticles are more uniform and exhibit good amorphous characteristics. The mechanical test shows that the hardness of amorphous powder is significantly increased as compared with that before preparation, which has the prospect of being an important part of engineering reinforced materials. Further electrochemical measurement shows that the corrosion resistance of the as-prepared sample is also significantly improved. This study has laid a solid foundation for expanding applications of Ti-based metallic glasses, especially in heavy-duty and corrosive domains.     

镁合金等离子喷涂Al/Al_2O_3涂层的耐腐蚀性能

采用等离子喷涂技术在AZ31镁合金表面制备Al/Al_2O_3复合涂层,测试了镁合金及表面喷涂有Al/Al_2O_3复合涂层的镁合金试样的极化曲线,研究了没有涂层、经封孔处理和未经封孔处理的喷涂有复合涂层的镁合金三种试样在浸泡腐蚀和5%NaCl盐雾腐蚀情况下的耐腐蚀性能及其腐蚀行为.结果表明,经封孔处理的Al/Al_2O_3复合涂层镁合金试样在上述腐蚀条件下的耐腐蚀性均优于镁合金和涂层未封孔处理的试样,在浸泡试验中未封孔处理的涂层试样比镁合金腐蚀更加严重,在盐雾试验中却优于镁合金.     

激光烧结制备CrFeNiAlSiCux多孔高熵合金组织与性能

在Cr、Fe、Ni、Al、Si纯粉末中添加非等摩尔比的Cu元素混合后压制成坯,采用激光自蔓延烧结制备CrFeNiAlSiCux（x=0-1.2）高熵合金。通过OM、XRD、SEM和EDS、维氏显微硬度计、磨粒磨损机及电化学工作站进行表征,分析物相结构、显微组织、密度和孔隙率、硬度、耐磨及耐蚀性能。结果表明：合金中BCC和FCC两相共存,随着Cu元素添加,FCC相增多,但BCC相仍多于FCC相,合金是典型树枝晶组织并伴有许多菊花状的组织,菊花状组织主要含有Cr、Fe、Si、Ni元素,枝晶间组织主要含有Cu元素。CrFeNiAlSiCu0.4综合性能最佳,显微硬度最大,为908.68 HV,单位面积磨损量最小,为48 mg·cm-2,腐蚀电流最小,为0.4100 μA/cm-2,腐蚀电位最大,为-149.264 mV。     

Microstructural evolution and corrosion behavior of directionally solidified FeCoNiCrAl high entropy alloy

The FeCoNiCrAl alloys have many potential applications in the fields of structural materials, but few attempts were made to characterize the directional solidification of high entropy alloys. In the present research, the microstructure and corrosion behavior of FeCoNiCrAl high entropy alloy have been investigated under directional solidification. The results show that with increasing solidification rate, the interface morphology of the alloy evolves from planar to cellular and dendritic. The electrochemical experiment results demonstrate that the corrosion products of both non-directionally and directionally solidified FeCoNiCrAl alloys appear as rectangular blocks in phases which Cr and Fe are enriched, while Al and Ni are depleted, suggesting that Al and Ni are dissolved into the NaCl solution. Comparison of the potentiodynamic polarization behaviors between the two differently solidified FeCoNiCrAl high entropy alloys in a 3.5%NaCl solution shows that the corrosion resistance of directionally solidified FeCoNiCrAl alloy is superior to that of the non-directionally solidified FeCoNiCrAl alloy.     

钛合金表面离子束增强沉积的Cr和CrMo合金膜层及其性能

利用多功能离子束增强沉积(IBED)设备，在Ti6Al4V钛合金表面制备Cr和CrMo合金膜层，以提高钛合金表面的耐磨性能。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、辉光放电光谱仪和显微硬度计分析和测试了IBED膜层的结构、形态、成分分布、硬度和膜基结合强度的大小。利用球一盘磨损试验机和电化学综合测试仪研究了IBED膜层的摩擦学性能和电化学腐蚀特性。结果表明，利用IBED方法可以在难镀材料钛合金表面制备膜基结合强度高、结晶致密和晶粒尺寸达纳米级的高硬度Cr膜和CrMo合金膜层，显著提高了钛合金表面的抗磨性能，且膜层本身有很好的耐Cl^-介质环境电化学腐蚀性能，与钛合金基体之间有很好的接触腐蚀相容性。