合金元素对高强管线钢埋弧焊缝组织性能的影响

通过对X80管线钢进行埋弧焊接试验,分析了合金元素Mn、Ni对高强度管线钢埋弧焊缝的显微组织和力学性能的影响.试验结果表明,当Mn元素含量过高时,焊缝金属的冷裂纹敏感指数提高,细化原奥氏体晶粒尺寸,对针状铁素体形核不利湘比较而言,Ni元素对焊缝的冷裂纹敏感指数影响较小,且使焊缝金属易于产生交滑移,更易保证焊缝针状铁素体含量,从而提高焊缝金属的韧性;另外,随着Mn、Ni元素含量的增加,焊缝金属中先共析铁素体受到抑制.     

B元素对药芯焊丝焊缝金属针状铁素体形成的影响

利用金相组织观察、冲击试验和热膨胀试验,研究了B元素含量变化对高强钢药芯焊丝焊缝金属中针状铁素体形成的影响,得到了不同试验温度下焊缝金属冲击吸收功. 结合透射电镜分析和分级淬火试验从热力学和动力学的角度对B元素影响机理进行了分析. 结果表明,焊缝金属组织晶界中含有自由状态的B元素具有抑制晶界铁素体形核利于针状铁素体生成的作用;N元素含量增加会降低晶界B元素含量,并提高奥氏体向铁素体转变的温度,减少针状铁素体含量;针状铁素体是在以Ti元素和Mn元素的氧化物为核心,以Cu元素和Mn元素的硫化物为外层,以BN为过渡层的复杂结构上形核并长大的;针状铁素体含量的增加有利于提高焊缝金属冲击吸收功,–60 ℃冲击吸收功最大为70 J.     

埋弧焊烧结焊剂中MnO应用的试验分析

通过对烧结焊剂中常用组分MnO的物理化学性质的分析,试制了三种烧结焊剂,并进行了接头组织及力学性能的对比试验.结果表明,烧结焊剂中加入适量的MnO,对提高焊剂的碱度、增加焊剂还原性、净化焊缝、改善脱渣、成形等工艺性能具有很大的作用.与此同时,适量MnO的加入,还可以合理控制焊缝金属中Mn的含量,稳定奥氏体,降低γ→α转变温度,为焊接接头组织中针状铁素体的形成创造良好的环境,并进一步提高了焊缝金属的力学性能.     

低合金高强度钢焊缝针状铁素体联锁组织与性能

采用金属包埋切片微米-纳米表征法和电子背散射衍射技术分别研究了焊缝金属中针状铁素体形核夹杂和联锁组织特征。结果表明,由于Mn元素扩散到夹杂物内部使得周围形成贫Mn区,诱发针状铁素体在复合夹杂物上形核。同时针状铁素体还可以在已经形成的铁素体表面激发形核;铁素体生长过程中同原奥氏体保持固定取向关系;铁素体相互之间发生硬碰撞和交错现象;这些因素共同形成针状铁素体联锁组织。这种细小有效晶粒尺寸的针状铁素体联锁组织具有良好的强韧性匹配。     

低合金钢焊缝的针状铁素体微观组织

针对X70管线钢多道焊焊缝金属,利用Gleeble1500热模拟机进行了热模拟试验,对焊缝金属中初生针状铁素体组织及其与非金属夹杂物之间的关系以及经历二次热循环后感生形核的针状铁素体组织进行了SEM及TEM分析.结果表明,针状铁素体边界存在着一层富碳的薄膜,其长大既存在切变转变的特征,同时也伴随着C原子的扩散过程.共感生成的二次针状铁索体是在初生针状铁索体基体的高密度位错处形核并以一定的速度迅速长大到有限的尺寸.初生针状铁素体和共感形核针状铁素体都是在奥氏体晶内形核、长大,都具有细化奥氏体晶粒、提高多道焊焊缝金属和焊接热影响区韧性的作用.     

低碳贝氏体钢用烧结焊剂的研制及性能研究

基于低碳贝氏体钢的微观组织和性能研究分析,研制出以CaF_2-MgO-Al_2O_3-CaO为渣系的低碳贝氏体钢用高速埋弧焊烧结焊剂,匹配Mn-Ni-Mo-B合金系焊丝施焊,得到了一组性能优异的焊剂。结果显示:CaF_2加入量控制在23%以下,并增加TiO_2和SiFe含量来代替部分SiO_2时,得到的焊缝工艺性能优异,力学性能也能够满足使用要求。焊缝金属组织主要由针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体、以及少量的先共析铁素体和块状铁素体构成,较硬的粒状贝氏体弥散分布在较软的铁素体基体上,这种混合组织增加了裂纹扩展的路径,极大地增强了焊缝金属的韧性。而提高Al_2O_3和TiO_2的含量,同时将MnO的含量控制在6%左右,可以得到较多的针状铁素体,细化组织,使焊缝冲击韧性达到198 J。     

低合金高强度钢焊缝金属中针状铁素体的微观组织

利用光学显微镜,扫描电子显微镜及EBSD(electron backscattering diffraction)分析技术对800MPa级低碳微合金高强度钢的焊缝金属进行了分析.结果表明,焊缝金属组织主要为针状铁素体和贝氏体.针状铁素体以夹杂物为核心形核,该夹杂物主要是以Al2O3为核心形成的钛氧化物.针状铁素体以夹杂物为核心多维形核呈放射状生长,仅某些方向的针状铁素体晶核迅速长大,生长方向存在取向择优.EBSD分析同样表明针状铁素体晶粒存在取向择优.观察到由同一夹杂物生长,沿同一直线方向背向生长的针状铁素体取向相同,沿不同方向生长的针状铁素体取向不同,说明其沿原奥氏体惯习面生长,并非与夹杂物共格.     

N和O元素引入对GPCA-TIG焊焊缝冲击韧性的影响

通过外层气体引入O和N元素,气体熔池耦合活性TIG焊(gas pool coupled activating TIG welding)可以实现深熔深、高质量和连续焊接. 为了研究清楚O和N元素引入对焊缝冲击韧性的影响规律和机理,针对SUS304不锈钢分别测试了外层气体为O₂,N₂和O₂ + N₂时的焊缝低温冲击韧性,并从焊缝组织成分、析出物种类及形态以及晶粒取向等方面分析了其影响机理. 结果表明,外层气体引入对GPCA-TIG焊焊缝低温冲击韧性影响较大,单独引入O₂时将明显降低,单独引入N₂时降低较少,而同时引入O₂和N₂将增加焊缝金属低温冲击韧性. O和N元素同时引入增强GPCA-TIG焊缝金属低温冲击韧性的机理主要在于:焊缝组织较细,金属中的O和N元素含量和所形成的非金属夹杂物的增加程度和铁素体数量的下降程度都较少,却增加了奥氏体晶粒大角度晶界数量以及铁素体晶粒与奥氏体晶粒之间位向关系的匹配性,从而使得裂纹不易扩展,韧性增强.     

X100管线钢埋弧焊匹配焊剂及其接头性能分析

采用均匀设计法对X100管线钢埋弧焊用烧结焊剂进行设计,选用其中5种高碱度氟碱性焊剂,配合焊丝进行埋弧自动焊接试验,着重分析了两种焊剂焊接接头的拉伸性能、金相组织、硬度、冲击吸收功及冲击断口形貌等.结果表明,焊剂中适量添加MnO对焊剂工艺、接头韧性有较大影响,它可以提高焊缝熔深,增加渣的流动性,抑制咬边,同时抑制高温铁素体的生成而对焊缝中针状铁素体的形成有利.所研制的5种焊剂中,2号焊剂焊接接头综合性能最佳,满足X100管线钢API—5L标准要求.     

D32钢FCB埋弧焊焊接接头组织分析

采用FCB焊对20 mm厚的D32高强度船体结构钢板使用不同的焊剂进行焊接,得到不同的焊接接头。总结了FCB焊焊接接头的结晶生长方式,并对比分析了使用不同焊剂的两种焊接接头的微观组织形貌和化学组成。结果表明:使用NSH-55EM焊剂所得焊接接头的组织主要是针状铁素体和珠光体;使用55E-6/B-5焊剂所得焊接接头的组织主要由先共析铁素体、侧板条铁素体及少量针状铁素体、珠光体组成;所得焊缝金属的Mn/Si值55E-6/B-5焊剂比NSH-55EM焊剂的低,合金元素Ti、B和Ni过渡焊缝中较少,使焊缝组织不同,从而引起性能差别较大。     

RHEOLOGY FEATURE OF SIMPLE METAL MELT

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

LASER CLADDED TiCN COATINGS ON THE SURFACE OF TITANIUM

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel Joints by Friction Stir Welding Under Various Cooling Conditions

X80 pipeline steel plates were friction stir welded(FSW) under air, water, liquid CO_2 + water, and liquid CO_2 cooling conditions, producing defect-free welds. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these FSW joints were studied. Coarse granular bainite was observed in the nugget zone(NZ) under air cooling, and lath bainite and lath martensite increased signifi cantly as the cooling medium temperature reduced. In particular, under the liquid CO_2 cooling condition, a dual phase structure of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite appeared in the NZ. Compared to the case under air cooling, a strong shear texture was identifi ed in the NZs under other rapid cooling conditions, because the partial deformation at elevated temperature was retained through higher cooling rates. Under liquid CO_2 cooling, the highest transverse tensile strength and elongation of the joint reached 92% and 82% of those of the basal metal(BM), respectively, due to the weak tempering softening. A maximum impact energy of up to 93% of that of the BM was obtained in the NZ under liquid CO_2 cooling, which was attributed to the operation of the dual phase of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite.     

INDUSTRY NEWS

China Securities News reported on March 21, 2014： Guangdong Hongtu Wuhan Die Casting Co., Ltd. （Wuhan Hongtu）, a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangdong Hongtu Technology （Holdings） Co., Ltd., held a groundbreaking ceremony recently. With the registered capital of 50 million Yuan, Wuhan Hongtu has a total land area of 100,000 square meters and a plant construction area of 72,000 square meters. It is expected to have a production capacity of about 30,000 tonnes of aluminum castings annually after it is put into production.     

GROWTH MORPHOLOGIES OF A BINARY ALLOY WITH LOW ANISOTROPY IN DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION

Two new classes of growth morphologies, called doublons and seaweed, were simulated using a phase-field method. The evolution of doublon and seaweed morphologies was obtained in directional solidification. The influence of orientation and velocity on the growth morphology was investigated. It was indicated that doublons preferred growing with its crystallographic axis aligned with the heat flow direction. Seaweed, on the other hand, could be obtained by tilting the crystalline axis to 45°. Stable doublons could only exist in a range of velocity regime. Beyond this regime the patterns formed would be unstable. The simulation results agreed with the reported experimental results qualitatively.     

STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF PULSE ELECTRODEPOSITED RE-Ni-W-P-SiC COMPOSITE COATINGS

The effects of pulse frequency f and duty cycle r on the deposition rate, composition, morphology, and hardness of pulse electrodeposited RE （rare earth）-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings have been studied. The results indicate that pulse current can improve the deposition rate of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings; W, P, and SiC contents in the coating decrease with the increase of pulse frequency and reach the lowest value at f = 33Hz, whereas the RE content in the composite coatings increases with the increase of pulse frequency. SiC content decreases with the increase of duty cycle, W content reaches the lowest value, and P content reaches the highest value at r = 0.4; pulse current and RE can lead to smaller size of the crystalline grains; however, the effects of different pulse frequency and duty cycle on the morphologies of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings are not obvious. The hardness of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings is the highest when the duty cycle is at 0.6 and 0.8 and pulse frequency is at 50Hz. At the same pulse frequency, the hardness of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings at r= 0.8 is higher than that at r= 0.6.     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN J-INTEGRAL AND FRACTURE SURFACE AVERAGE PROFILE

To investigate the causes that led to the formation of cracks in materials, a novel method that only considered the fracture surfaces for determining the fracture toughness parameters of J-integral for plain strain was proposed The principle of the fracture-surface topography analysis （FRASTA） was used. In FRASTA, the fracture surfaces were scanned by laser microscope and the elevation data was recorded for analysis. The relationship between J-integral and fracture surface average profile for plain strain was deduced. It was also verified that the J-integral determined by the novel method and by the compliance method matches each other well.