Sr/P变质处理对挤压铸造Al-17.5Si合金组织与性能的影响

研究Sr和P变质对挤压铸造Al-17.5Si合金组织与力学性能的影响。试验结果显示:挤压铸造对过共晶Al-17.5Si合金的组织产生了显著的影响,共晶组织明显细化,初生Si相的数量减少并细化,同时力学性能显著提高。Sr变质后的Al-17.5Si合金在压力下凝固,共晶Si相进一步细化,变为十分细小的纤维状,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率比重力铸造分别提高了59%和328.7%。当P变质处理Al-17.5Si合金挤压铸造成形后,合金组织中却出现了大量的粗大初生Si相颗粒,使得合金的力学性能呈现了降低的趋势。由此确定,挤压铸造过共晶Al-Si合金的最佳变质处理为Sr变质,P变质不适用于挤压铸造成形的过共晶Al-Si合金。     

Al-5%Ti-0.07%B对Al-Si活塞合金组织和性能的影响

研究了Al-5％Ti-0．07％B中间合金对共晶Al-Si活塞合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，加入Al-5％Ti-0．07％B中间合金能细化共晶团。当加入时间不超过10min时，合金的初晶Si得到细化，硬度和抗拉强度都有所提高，当加入时间超过30min，合金的初晶Si和共晶Si都明显粗化，室温抗拉强度略有降低，硬度和高温抗拉强度略有提高。     

Si含量和热处理制度对铸造Al-Si合金组织和性能的影响

为提高铸造Al-Si合金的力学性能,研究了Si含量和热处理制度对Al-Si合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,Si含量、固溶冷却介质、固溶温度、时效时间、时效温度对Al-Si合金硬度的影响依次减小。Al-Si合金的最优Si含量及热处理制度为Si含量12%,480 ℃固溶120 min,盐溶液冷却及175 ℃时效90 min。随着Si含量的增加,Al-Si合金硬度和抗拉强度提升;但当Si含量超过共晶点时,方块状初生硅相析出,易形成应力集中使得合金强度降低,断裂方式由韧性断裂变为解理断裂。铸态Al-Si合金中共晶硅为长针状,经最优工艺热处理后,长针状转变为短棒或颗粒状,共晶硅更加分散,在拉伸过程中应力集中减少,位错运动阻力增加,使得Al-Si 合金的力学性能提高。     

Al-Si共晶对Mg-12Li合金微观组织及性能的影响

对比分析了添加Al和Al-Si共晶的Mg-12Li合金铸态及轧制态的组织和性能,研究Al-Si共晶对合金组织性能的影响。结果表明,当加入Al-Si共晶后,Mg-12Li-3(Al-Si)组织中开始有白色析出物（脆性相Mg2Si）析出,形成的中间化合物依次为AlLi、MgLi2Al、Mg2Si。该合金抗拉强度为230 MPa,伸长率为25.5%,性能接近添加了RE的镁锂合金,成本得到明显的降低。当Al-Si共晶量达到6%时,合金的力学性能会下降。     

Al-Si共晶对Mg-12Li合金组织及性能的影响

对比分析了添加Al和Al-Si共晶的Mg-12Li合金铸态及轧制态的组织和性能,研究Al-Si共晶对合金组织性能的影响。结果表明,当加入Al-Si共晶后,Mg-12Li-3(Al-Si)组织中开始有白色析出物(脆性相Mg2Si)析出,形成的中间化合物依次为Al Li、Mg Li2Al、Mg2Si。该合金抗拉强度为230 MPa,伸长率为25.5%,性能接近添加了RE的镁锂合金,成本得到明显的降低。当Al-Si共晶量达到6%时,合金的力学性能会下降。     

振荡作用对铝硅合金显微组织的影响

在定时交替变化的电场作用下,液体金属产生振荡,并和常规凝固相比.在振荡作用下凝固的Al-Si合金的显微组织发生了明显变化,亚共晶Al-Si合金的α-树枝晶被熔断破碎;过共晶Al-Si合金的初生Si也被破碎,Al-Si合金的显微组织明显细化.其原因是液态金属的振荡作用造成反复冲击、机械破碎及摩擦作用.     

电磁搅拌对铝硅合金显微组织的影响

研究电磁搅拌对亚共晶、共晶及过共晶Al—Si合金显微组织的影响，并对其在EMS作用下的液淬组织和凝固组织进行研究。试验表明：电磁搅拌能够改变正常的铝硅合金凝固行为。本试验条件下EMS作用下非树枝晶存在异常长大、聚集和缩颈熔断现象；对亚共晶Al-Si合金凝固主要表现为共晶组织发生粗化；对过共晶Al-Si合金凝固主要表现为初生硅的聚集与偏聚。     

熔体混合对过共晶Al-Si合金细化的研究

研究了高温Al-30%Si合金熔体和低温Al-7%Si合金熔体混合后浇铸得到的过共晶Al-Si合金显微组织及力学性能.结果表明:不同成分的高低温熔体混合后可有效细化过共晶Al-Si合金的初晶Si尺寸:混合前熔体温差越大,初晶Si细化效果越好;随着混合后静置时间的增加,初晶Si的尺寸变大,Al-Si合金硬度增加.并探讨了其细化机理.     

固溶时间对3种典型Al-Si二元合金组织与力学性能的影响

考察了固溶时间对3种典型Al-Si合金变质前后组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着固溶时间的延长,变质前后的Al-Si合金抗拉强度逐渐降低,而伸长率有大幅度地提高;Al-12Si共晶合金抗拉强度及伸长率变化幅度最大;535℃固溶6h可获得综合性能较优的Al-Si合金;Sr的变质有助于固溶过程中共晶硅的粒化。     

Al-5%Ti-0.25%C对Al-Si活塞合金组织和性能的影响

探讨了Al-5%Ti-0.25%C中间合金对共晶Al-Si活塞合金组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,加入0.5%的Al-5%Ti-0.25%C中间合金后,初晶Si的平均尺寸由原来的45μm降为40μm,共晶Si变短,而且能细化共晶团,提高常温抗拉强度.Al-5%Ti-0.25%C中间合金的加入量达到1%时,常温抗拉强度不再继续提高.加入Al-Ti-C中间合金后随着静置时间的延长,常温抗拉强度变化并不明显.     

Prospects of the Use of Synergetic Approach to Solution of Problems of the Science of Nanomaterials

A synergetic approach to solution of problems of self-controlled synthesis of nanostructures and creation of self-organizing nanotechnologies is considered in connection with the superproblem of creation of materials with functional properties resembling those of biosystems. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55 – 61, July, 2005.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of metals — Influence of self-diffusion of metal

The importance of the self-diffusion of a metal during its oxidation by a gas is treated for the cases of nonstoichiometric oxides having either interstitial cation or cation vacancies. We have established a general relationship for the reaction rate when a mixed diffusion process occurs. From this relationship, we have shown that the pressure dependence can be different, according to whether the rate-determining process is the self-diffusion through the metal or through the product.     

胫骨生物陶瓷复合材料的微结构增韧机理

扫描电镜观察显示胫骨是一种由羟基磷灰石和胶原蛋白组成的自然生物陶瓷复合材料.羟基磷灰石具有层状的微结构并且平行于骨的表面排列.观察也显示这些羟基磷灰石层又是由许多羟基磷灰石片所组成,这些羟基磷灰石片具有长而薄的形状,也以平行的方式整齐排列.基于在胫骨中观察到的羟基磷灰石片的微结构特征,通过微结构模型分析及实验,研究了羟基磷灰石片平行排列微结构的最大拔出能.结果表明,羟基磷灰石片长而薄的形状以及平行排列方式增加了其最大拔出能,进而提高了骨的断裂韧性.     

Mechanism of Nucleation of Precipitates of Carbides of Refractory Metals Under Hot Rolling of Automotive Sheet Steel

Metal Science and Heat Treatment - The problem of formation of properties in microalloyed sheet steels is considered. The cause and the possible mechanism of precipitation of carbides of refractory...     

燃煤机组锅炉烟气脱硝灰中氨含量测定

NOx是大气环境的主要污染物之一,其主要来源为火力发电机组。依靠低氮燃烧技术,远达不到排放要求。选择性催化还原脱硝(简称SCR)技术是目前效率最高、最成熟、应用最广泛的电厂烟气脱硝技术。目前,在线氨逃逸监测技术存在诸多问题,影响了氨逃逸监测数据的准确度和稳定性。在燃料种类、炉膛结构、受热面布置、过量空气量、炉膛气流分布以及脱硝催化剂类型等条件确定的情况下,控制好氨加入量及其逃逸量是保证NOx脱除率的关键所在。燃煤锅炉除尘飞灰氨含量可侧面反映脱硝氨逃逸率的状况。根据国外的文献报道,正常情况下,电除尘灰中氨含量一般在50mg/kg-100mg/kg范围内。由于国内尚无灰中氨含量的测定方法,亦无脱硝运行对飞灰含氨量影响的数据积累。本文通过大量试验,确定了灰中氨溶解条件(如溶解时间、搅拌状态、灰水比、灰样量及其稳定性等),制定了灰中氨含量测定方法。     

Features of formation of the structure in production of blanks of disks of heat-resistant nickel alloys

Conclusions To provide a high level of mechanical properties in wrought blanks of cast ÉP741NP and ÉP962 alloys it is necessary to form controlled structures. A necklace-type structure formed in homogenizing isostatic treatment, subsequent thermomechanical working including alternation of the operations of deformation in the (+)-area and recrystallization anneals, and final heat treatment is preferable. The temperature conditions of all stages of thermomechanical working are strictly controlled, especially the final operation of deformation and heating for hardening. To eliminate hardening cracks and distortions it is necessary to use molten salts at t=600°C as quenchants. The use of multiple production operations makes it possible to significantly reduce the structural inhomogeneity related to inhertance of the original dendritic structure. However, the structure of the final semifinished product is nevertheless characterized by a difference in occurrence of the processes of polygonization and recrystallization between the former dendritic cells and the interdendritic spaces in deformation and heat treatment.To obtain structurally homogeneous blanks for gas turbine engine parts it is necessary to use basically new methods of remelting such as vacuum double electrode remelting and electron beam remelting with an intermediate vessel.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1991.     

Ab-initio calculation of enthalpies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions

A large number of ab-initio calculations of energies of formation of intermetallic compounds have been performed in the last 15 years. The currently used methods are listed. The paper presents a review of the aluminium based compounds which have been studied. Comparisons of calculated and experimental enthalpies of formation are provided for aluminim-3d and-4d transition metal alloys at equiatomic composition. The modelling of the enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions based on a given lattice is described.