不同焊接方法下316L不锈钢焊接接头组织性能研究

采用20%CO2+80%Ar气体保护MAG焊和焊条电弧焊对316L不锈钢进行焊接,通过对焊接接头进行拉伸、弯曲、硬度试验和显微组织观察,研究了焊接接头组织性能。结果表明,焊条电弧焊接头的抗拉强度和显微硬度比MAG焊接头的抗拉强度和显微硬度高;焊条电弧焊焊缝金属中δ铁素体含量比MAG焊焊缝金属中δ铁素体含量高;MAG焊焊缝金属含有少量的MC型碳化物;拉伸时,焊条电弧焊接头断裂在热影响区,而MAG焊接头断裂在焊缝中心位置;焊接接头的弯曲试验均合格。     

焊接热输入对30CrMo钢焊接接头力学性能的影响

为了解决30CrMo锻焊曲轴的焊接质量问题,研究了焊接热输入对30CrMo钢焊接接头力学性能的影响规律,并针对焊条电弧焊(SMAW)和CO_2气体保护焊(GMAW)两种方法,找出了适合的焊接热输入范围。结果表明:随着热输入的增加,采用焊条电弧焊和CO_2气体保护焊的焊接接头抗拉强度均呈现下降趋势;采用焊条电弧焊的焊缝区和热影响区冲击功先增加后减小;采用CO_2气体保护焊的焊缝区冲击功减小,而热影响区冲击功先增加后减小;采用焊条电弧焊的热影响区硬度呈下降趋势,采用CO_2气体保护焊的热影响区硬度变化较小;采用两种焊接方法的焊缝区域硬度值总体呈降低趋势。当预热温度为220℃,热输入在8~24 kJ/cm范围内,采用焊条电弧焊和CO_2气体保护焊的焊接接头抗拉强度均能满足要求;热影响区及焊缝区域硬度值均低于350HV,不易产生冷裂纹。该工艺参数范围已成功应用于某30CrMo锻焊曲轴的焊接中,焊接质量良好,满足质量要求。     

2205双相不锈钢焊接接头显微组织与力学性能研究

使用手工焊条电弧焊对2205双相不锈钢板进行了对接平焊和立焊试验,测试了焊接接头的显微组织及力学性能。结果表明,接头焊缝区含有大量奥氏体,且随着焊接热输入的增加,奥氏体含量明显增加,接头的抗拉强度及伸长率增大;不同焊接热输入得到的接头都表现为热影响区硬度值最高,焊缝区最低;焊缝冲击断口的断裂机制为韧窝和准解理混合断裂,韧窝中心分布着大小不均的第二相颗粒。     

热轧DP590双相钢焊接接头组织的研究

研究了焊条电弧焊与半自动CO<,2>气体保护焊方法对DP590热轧双相钢焊接接头微观组织的影响,并测定了焊接接头的硬度.通过对2种焊接方法的焊接接头在焊缝区、熔合区、过热区、完全重结晶区、不完全重结晶区的微观组织对比分析表明,采用半自动CO<,2>气体保护焊方法对DP590热轧双相钢焊接时,可以得到更为细小均匀的微观组...     

连续焊与脉冲焊对Q345钢焊接接头的影响

采用CO2气体保护焊工艺对Q345钢板(δ=4 mm)分别进行连续焊和脉冲焊焊接试验,对2种焊接接头显微组织、显微硬度和热影响区尺寸进行对比分析.研究表明:脉冲焊焊接接头组织较连续焊更为均匀,且产生魏氏组织较少;2种焊接工艺条件下的焊接接头显微硬度峰值均位于过热区,连续焊接头各部位显微硬度均略高于脉冲焊接头;脉冲焊接头热影响区尺寸小于连续焊接头热影响区尺寸.     

焊接方法对C-Mn超细晶粒钢接头低温韧性的影响

采用焊条电弧焊及CO2+Ar混合气体保护焊方法分别对厚6mm的400MPa级超细晶粒钢钢板进行了焊接试验,采用系列冲击试验方法对焊接接头的低温韧性进行了研究,并对接头组织进行了分析.试验结果表明,气体保护焊减小了焊缝及热影响区组织粗化,其焊接接头的低温韧性优于焊条电弧焊接头的低温韧性,是一种可行的超细晶粒钢焊接方法.     

20Mn2SiVB钢的焊接性能研究

分别用CO2气体保护焊和手工电弧焊方法研究了20Mn2SiVB钢的焊接性能。结果表明:CO2气体保护焊的焊缝组织为粒状贝氏体、少量铁素体和珠光体,热影响区为粒状贝氏体;手工电弧焊焊缝组织主要为块状铁素体和少量珠光体,热影响区组织为板条状贝氏体组织;两种焊接方法所得焊接接头成分均匀,硬度值均超过母材,综合性能良好。     

40Mn2钢在不同焊接工艺下焊接接头显微组织与硬度分布

采用三种不同焊接方法,即手工焊、氩弧焊(TIG焊)、CO2气体保护焊,对40Mn2钢在热轧状态及焊后200℃回火状态的焊接接头显微组织和硬度分布进行了研究.结果表明:热轧状态下,三种焊接工艺所得焊缝组织均由粗大柱状晶、针状及块状铁素体和珠光体组织组成;焊后200℃回火状态的三种焊接工艺所得焊缝组织明显比其未经回火的组织细小;CO2气体保护焊焊接接头显微组织更细小、均匀,且魏氏组织(针状铁素体)等脆性相的数量较少;焊缝熔合区都有魏氏组织存在,但级别各不相同;热影响区组织均为细小的铁素体与片状珠光体组成.三种焊接工艺中,焊缝硬度值虽都有波动,但都在硬度允许范围内.故CO2气体保护焊+焊后200℃回火焊缝显微组织及硬度分布有最佳配合,为在本实验条件下的最佳焊接工艺.     

不同CO_2气保焊工艺对Q345钢焊接接头的影响

采用不同焊接电流的CO2焊对Q345(δ=4 mm)结构钢分别进行了连续焊和脉冲焊焊接试验,并对焊接接头外观形貌、热影响区尺寸、显微组织和显微硬度进行对比分析。结果表明:连续焊的焊缝比脉冲焊的焊缝粗大;脉冲焊接头热影响区尺寸小于连续焊接头热影响区尺寸;脉冲焊焊接接头组织比连续焊更为均匀,且产生魏氏组织较少;两种焊接工艺条件下的焊接接头显微硬度峰值均位于过热区,连续焊接头各部位显微硬度均略高于脉冲焊接头。     

半移动式旋回破碎站主体钢结构Q345E焊接工艺研究

本文采用焊条电弧焊（SMAW）和药芯焊丝CO气体保护焊（FCAW）2种焊接方法对2Q345E进行焊接工艺评定,分别对2种焊接接头进行室温拉伸、弯曲、低温（-40℃）冲击、低倍及金相组织分析。结果表明,2种焊接方法均可获得强度、塑性及冲击韧性满足欧洲标准EN15614的焊接接头,焊缝、热影响区未出现粗大的魏氏组织和脆硬的马氏体组织,金相组织正常。     

胫骨生物陶瓷复合材料的微结构增韧机理

扫描电镜观察显示胫骨是一种由羟基磷灰石和胶原蛋白组成的自然生物陶瓷复合材料.羟基磷灰石具有层状的微结构并且平行于骨的表面排列.观察也显示这些羟基磷灰石层又是由许多羟基磷灰石片所组成,这些羟基磷灰石片具有长而薄的形状,也以平行的方式整齐排列.基于在胫骨中观察到的羟基磷灰石片的微结构特征,通过微结构模型分析及实验,研究了羟基磷灰石片平行排列微结构的最大拔出能.结果表明,羟基磷灰石片长而薄的形状以及平行排列方式增加了其最大拔出能,进而提高了骨的断裂韧性.     

面向零件形状的计算机图形库的开发

论述了CAD技术中参数化设计的三种建模方法，重点介绍了基于特征的参数化建模原理。在此基础上，分析机械设计中的机构结构，归纳出其零件的几何特征构成。设计了机构CAD图形库，并提出了该图形库生成步骤和人机交互界面。     

FeCrAIW电弧喷涂层组织的致密化研究

采用激光辐照对FeCrAlW电弧喷涂层的组织进行致密化处理,借助扫描电镜和X衍射对涂层的组织进行了分析.测试了涂层的显微硬度.结果表明:涂层组织致密度提高,孔隙率明显降低.随着激光扫描速度的增加,涂层的显微硬度降低.在较低的扫描速度下,涂层与基体之间形成互熔区,涂层与基体之间产生良好的冶金结合.     

Prospects of the Use of Synergetic Approach to Solution of Problems of the Science of Nanomaterials

A synergetic approach to solution of problems of self-controlled synthesis of nanostructures and creation of self-organizing nanotechnologies is considered in connection with the superproblem of creation of materials with functional properties resembling those of biosystems. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55 – 61, July, 2005.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of metals — Influence of self-diffusion of metal

The importance of the self-diffusion of a metal during its oxidation by a gas is treated for the cases of nonstoichiometric oxides having either interstitial cation or cation vacancies. We have established a general relationship for the reaction rate when a mixed diffusion process occurs. From this relationship, we have shown that the pressure dependence can be different, according to whether the rate-determining process is the self-diffusion through the metal or through the product.     

Features of formation of the structure in production of blanks of disks of heat-resistant nickel alloys

Conclusions To provide a high level of mechanical properties in wrought blanks of cast ÉP741NP and ÉP962 alloys it is necessary to form controlled structures. A necklace-type structure formed in homogenizing isostatic treatment, subsequent thermomechanical working including alternation of the operations of deformation in the (+)-area and recrystallization anneals, and final heat treatment is preferable. The temperature conditions of all stages of thermomechanical working are strictly controlled, especially the final operation of deformation and heating for hardening. To eliminate hardening cracks and distortions it is necessary to use molten salts at t=600°C as quenchants. The use of multiple production operations makes it possible to significantly reduce the structural inhomogeneity related to inhertance of the original dendritic structure. However, the structure of the final semifinished product is nevertheless characterized by a difference in occurrence of the processes of polygonization and recrystallization between the former dendritic cells and the interdendritic spaces in deformation and heat treatment.To obtain structurally homogeneous blanks for gas turbine engine parts it is necessary to use basically new methods of remelting such as vacuum double electrode remelting and electron beam remelting with an intermediate vessel.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1991.     

Ab-initio calculation of enthalpies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions

A large number of ab-initio calculations of energies of formation of intermetallic compounds have been performed in the last 15 years. The currently used methods are listed. The paper presents a review of the aluminium based compounds which have been studied. Comparisons of calculated and experimental enthalpies of formation are provided for aluminim-3d and-4d transition metal alloys at equiatomic composition. The modelling of the enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions based on a given lattice is described.