Multi-objective optimization of process parameters during low-pressure die casting of AZ91D magnesium alloy wheel castings

Multi-objective optimization has been increasingly applied in engineering where optimal decisions need to be made in the presence of trade-offs between two or more objectives. Minimizing the volume of shrinkage porosity, while reducing the secondary dendritic arm spacing of a wheel casting during low-pressure die casting(LPDC) process, was taken as an example of such problem. A commercial simulation software Pro CASTTM was applied to simulate the filling and solidification processes. Additionally, a program for integrating the optimization algorithm with numerical simulation was developed based on SiPESC. By setting pouring temperature and filling pressure as design variables, shrinkage porosity and secondary dendritic arm spacing as objective variables, the multi-objective optimization of minimum volume of shrinkage porosity and secondary dendritic arm spacing was achieved. The optimal combination of AZ91 D wheel casting was: pouring temperature 689 °C and filling pressure 6.5 kPa. The predicted values decreased from 4.1% to 2.1% for shrinkage porosity, and 88.5 μm to 81.2 μm for the secondary dendritic arm spacing. The optimal results proved the feasibility of the developed program in multi-objective optimization.     

Optimization of multi-pass milling using parallel genetic algorithm and parallel genetic simulated annealing

This paper presents an approach to select the optimal machining parameters for multi-pass milling. It is based on two recent approaches, genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA), which have been applied to many difficult combinatorial optimization problems with certain strengths and weaknesses. In this paper, a hybrid of GA and SA (GSA) is presented to use the strengths of GA and SA and overcome their weaknesses. In order to improve, the performance of GSA further, the parallel genetic simulated annealing (PGSA) has been developed and used to optimize the cutting parameters for multi-pass milling process. For comparison, conventional parallel GA (PGA) is also chosen as another optimization method. An application example that has been solved previously using the geometric programming (GP) and dynamic programming (DP) method is presented. From the given results, PGSA is shown to be more suitable and efficient for optimizing the cutting parameters for milling operation than GP+DP and PGA.     

Development of vacuum die-casting process

The vacuum die-casting process, started 25 years ago in Japan, has been widely applied. This technology contributes very much to improvement of castings quality. The main factor causing the defects of die castings is the trapped air in the mold cavity, while the key technology of vacuum die-casting process is to avoid the trapped air effectively by evacuating the cavity before casting. At the same time, due to the shot speed and the casting pressure reduced in half, the service life of the die is prolonged and the productivity is enhanced, as well. Vacuum die-casting process is of great significance in improving the die castings quality and making up the shortcomings of super-high-speed shot casting.     

压铸工艺及压铸模具设计要点(一)

压铸机、模具与合金三者,以压铸件为本,压铸工艺贯穿其中,有机地将它们整合为一个有效的系统,使压铸机与模具得到良好的匹配,起到优化压铸件结构,优选压铸机、优化压铸模设计、提高工艺工作点的灵活性的作用,从而为压铸生产提供可靠保证。所以,压铸工艺寓于模具中之说,内涵之深不言而喻。     

压铸工艺及压铸模具设计要点(三)

压铸机、模具与合金三者,以压铸件为本,压铸工艺贯穿其中,有机地将它们整合为一个有效的系统,使压铸机与模具得到良好的匹配,起到优化压铸件结构,优选压铸机、优化压铸模设计、提高工艺工作点的灵活性的作用,从而为压铸生产提供可靠保证。所以,压铸工艺寓于模具中之说,内涵之深不言而喻。     

压铸工艺及压铸模具设计要点(五)

压铸机、模具与合金三者,以压铸件为本,压铸工艺贯穿其中,有机地将它们整合为一个有效的系统,使压铸机与模具得到良好的匹配,起到优化压铸件结构,优选压铸机、优化压铸模设计、提高工艺工作点的灵活性的作用,从而为压铸生产提供可靠保证。所以,压铸工艺寓于模具中之说,内涵之深不言而喻。     

压铸工艺及压铸模具设计要点(四)

压铸机、模具与合金三者,以压铸件为本,压铸工艺贯穿其中,有机地将它们整合为一个有效的系统,使压铸机与模具得到良好的匹配,起到优化压铸件结构,优选压铸机、优化压铸模设计、提高工艺工作点的灵活性的作用,从而为压铸生产提供可靠保证。所以,压铸工艺寓于模具中之说,内涵之深不言而喻。     

基于模拟仿真技术的出水器本体低压铸造模具设计及其工艺优化

利用专业铸造模拟仿真有限元分析软件ProCAST对某出水器本体初始低压铸造工艺过程进行模拟仿真分析,模拟结果显示,出水器本体内部型腔多处出现孤岛现象,产生严重的缩孔、缩松缺陷。对出水器本体及其模具结构进行改进,并对改进方案进行模拟分析,结果表明改进后工艺方案明显减少了孤岛效应。将改进后的工艺方案投入试生产,产品抽检结果与模拟结果基本吻合。     

压铸工艺及压铸模具设计要点(二)

压铸机、模具与合金三者,以压铸件为本,压铸工艺贯穿其中,有机地将它们整合为一个有效的系统,使压铸机与模具得到良好的匹配,起到优化压铸件结构,优选压铸机、优化压铸模设计、提高工艺工作点的灵活性的作用,从而为压铸生产提供可靠保证。所以,压铸工艺寓于模具中之说,内涵之深不言而喻。     

Numerical simulation of molten metal flow under vacuum condition in high pressure and low pressure die casting process

Abstract

The vacuum analysis algorithm was developed to simulate the total system of high pressure die casting process including vacuum vent, cavity and plunger area. The various vacuum degrees (760, 650, 500, 250 and 60 mmHg) were artificially applied in cavity. The filling behaviours of molten metal under the applied vacuum conditions were simulated and compared with those of experiment. The filling amount in cavity was increased with the increase of applied vacuum pressure during partial shot experiments. The simulated filling behaviours of molten metal were relatively well agreed with those of experiment. Through the results of fluid flow simulation, the relationship of filling length and filling velocity with the variation of vacuum pressure was analysed respectively. And it applied to a real die casting product and the internal gas quantity of product was significantly reduced by modification of vacuum gate system.     

Interfacial heat transfer behavior at metal/die in finger-plated casting during high pressure die casting process

Heat transfer at the metal-die interface has a great influence on the solidification process and casting structure. As thin-wall components are extensively produced by high pressure die casting process(HPDC), the B390 alloy finger-plate casting was cast against an H13 steel die on a cold-chamber HPDC machine. The interfacial heat transfer behavior at different positions of the die was carefully studied using an inverse approach based on the temperature measurements inside the die. Furthermore, the filling process and the solidification rate in different finger-plates were also given to explain the distribution of interfacial heat flux(q) and interfacial heat transfer coefficient(h). Measurement results at the side of sprue indicates that qmax and hmax could reach 9.2 MW·m~(-2) and 64.3 kW ·m~(-2)·K~(-1), respectively. The simulation of melt flow in the die reveals that the thinnest(T_1) finger plate could accelerate the melt flow from 50 m·s~(-1) to 110 m·s~(-1). Due to this high velocity, the interfacial heat flux at the end of T_1 could firstly reach a highest value 7.92 MW·m~(-2) among the ends of T_n(n=2,3,4,5). In addition, the q_(max) and h_(max) values of T_2, T_4 and T_5 finger-plates increase with the increasing thickness of the finger plate. Finally, at the rapid decreasing stage of interfacial heat transfer coefficient(h), the decreasing rate of h has an exponential relationship with the increasing rate of solid fraction(f).     

基于RSM和GA的涡轮熔模铸造工艺优化

以涡轮熔模铸件浇注系统设计为例,基于BOX-BehnKen设计响应面试验(RSM)建立了二阶响应面模型,探究了浇注系统半径、高度与浇注温度对铸件内部缺陷的体积和缺陷与铸件表面之间的距离的影响,并利用遗传算法(GA)优化工艺参数。数值模拟分析结果表明,该优化方案可以在得到无缺陷涡轮铸件的同时达到80.53%的工艺出品率,为熔模铸造浇注系统的设计优化提供思路。     

铝合金壳盖压铸工艺优化研究

通过对铝合金壳盖压铸件进行实体造型,采用铸造数值模拟软件Z-Cast对铝合金壳盖压铸过程的压力场、速度场和温度场进行数值模拟,根据模拟结果分析浇注系统和溢流槽尺寸的合理性,重新设计、优化浇注系统的形状和布置位置,得到合理的压铸方案。对于铝合金压铸件结构和压铸工艺设计有着重要的指导意义。     

大厚度双曲度铝合金飞机蒙皮拉伸成形工艺优化

拉伸成形工艺是飞机蒙皮零件的基本成形方法。针对某大厚度双曲度铝合金飞机蒙皮进行了拉伸成形工艺研究和优化。为了保证数值模拟的准确性和可靠性,进行了材料性能测试试验,获取了该蒙皮多道次加工时每一道次、不同热处理状态下的材料性能。通过数值模拟,研究了拉伸成形工艺参数包括各道次拉伸量、上模压力、合模间距对贴模和回弹的影响规律。结果表明:合模间距为7 mm时,成形后零件的厚度在大部分区域基本均匀;上模压力在200~1000 kN之间时,增加压力能有效地改善贴模度。据此,提出了优化拉伸成形工艺。针对该蒙皮零件厚度大而导致的回弹大、仅靠工艺优化不能完全满足贴模度要求的问题,进行了模具型面补偿研究。结果表明,该工艺可用于生产满足质量要求的蒙皮零件,并能减少成形道次、降低加工成本、提高生产效率。     

Vacuum-sealed casting process under pressure

I t is of great im portance to investigate the casting processes forhigh precision thin wallferrous m etalparts because the processes are helpful in reducing energy consum ption,saving raw m aterials and decreasing m achine weight.To achieve these objectives,m any casting m ethods have been developed.Vacuum -sealed m olding process,the V-processforshort,iswidely used to m ake iron castingswith relatively thin wall,high precision and sm ooth surface [1-4]. H owever,the process cannotbe used to …     

Influence of die casting process parameters on castability and properties of thin walled aluminium housings

Abstract

The objective of this study is to clarify effects of high pressure die casting process parameters for castability and mechanical properties. So the optimal die casting conditions for producing for thin walled Al component was conducted computational solidification simulation and actual die casting with three different venting systems, four straight, checker and full checker vent. Furthermore, the die casting process parameters, such as die controller temperature, high injection speed and die open time, were experimentally evaluated. The results of computational solidification simulation were found that the control of process parameters could lead to soundness of surface and no defect and improvement of mechanical properties. As increasing the high injection speed from 2˙0 to 4˙0 m s^?1 and die temperature, the castability was increased. The full checker venting system had best castability with good surface quality among the three cast specimens.     

模具充型过程中光滑粒子流体动力学模拟(英文)

讨论了基于光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)的压铸充型模拟的实施过程。建立了一种区分流体粒子和入流粒子的入流边界条件。对人工黏度和移动最小二乘法在处理压力振荡中的作用进行了对比。对最终模型在模拟压铸二维与三维的充型过程进行了验证。将SPH和有限差分的模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比研究。结果显示SPH与实验更为吻合,表明了SPH在描述充型过程流态方面的有效性与精度。     

多工位锻造工艺的多目标优化算法

针对多工位锻造过程中出现的充填效果不佳、折叠和载荷过大等问题,以凸轮零件为例,采用基于有限元模拟和近似模型的优化方法实现其工艺的多目标优化,并重点探讨直接搜索算法、粒子群算法、遗传算法等3种算法的优化效果。比较优化设计结果与初始设计结果,3种优化算法均较大程度地降低了成形载荷,改善了成形质量。其中遗传算法的总体优化效果最为显著,总体载荷从初始设计的534kN降低到391.9kN,降幅达到26.6%,3处难充填区域的充填效果得到很大程度的改善,达到了预期的优化效果。     

Optimization of casting process based on the theory of inventive problem solving

Optimization of casting process involves the adjustment of parameters as well as the improvement of process schemes and measures. This paper proposes a new method based on the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) for casting process optimization, and realizes the idea of applying TRIZ to optimize the casting process of a magnesium alloy intake manifold. By this method, the casting process is optimized so as to remove the shrinkage pores. The successful optimization of casting process demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed method.