AZ91镁合金表面制备Ni-SiO2纳米复合电镀层的工艺研究

采用复合电沉积技术在AZ91镁合金表面制备Ni-SiO2纳米复合镀层,并研究各工艺参数对镀层的影响,从而得出最佳工艺.研究结果表明:在镀液中纳米SiO2的添加量为20 g/L,阴极电流密度为1.0 A/dm2,镀液温度为50℃,活性剂A的添加量为1.0 g/L,pH为5～6的条件下,经过20～30 min电沉积,可获得均匀、平滑的镀层,镀层的显微硬度与耐蚀性最佳.     

NH_4HF_2对AZ31镁合金化学镀镍层性能的影响

采用增重法、精密pH计、扫描电镜(SEM)和动电位极化曲线测定和分析了镀液的镀速、镀液的缓冲性、镀层的表面形貌和镀层的耐蚀性,研究了不同浓度NH_4HF_2对AZ31镁合金化学镀镍层性能的影响.结果表明,NH_4HF_2的浓度影响镀液的镀速及缓冲性、镀层的形貌及耐蚀性.当NH_4HF_2的质量浓度为5～15 g/L时,镀速随浓度的增加递增,而当NH_4HF_2的质量浓度为15～25 g/L时,镀速随浓度的增加而减少;镀液缓冲性随NH_4HF_2浓度的增加而提高.当NH_4HF_2的质量浓度为15 g/L时,镀速达到最大值21.9μm/h;当NH_4HF_2的质量浓度为20 g/L时,镀层致密完整且阳极极化曲线的钝化电位区间最大,自腐蚀电流密度最小,因此,此时镀层的耐蚀性最好.     

电沉积Ni-Sn-Mn非晶镀层镀液组分优化及耐蚀性

为了提高低碳钢在海洋环境中的耐蚀性,采用脉冲电沉积技术在Q235钢表面制备Ni-Sn-Mn合金镀层,通过正交试验方法对镀液组分进行优化。利用扫描电镜(SEM)及附带的能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、Tafel曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等方法对镀层表面形貌、元素含量、相结构及耐蚀性进行分析。结果表明:脉冲电沉积Ni-SnMn镀层最优镀液组分为:10 g/L SnCl_2·2H_2O、55 g/L NiSO_4·6H_2O、50 g/L MnSO_4·H_2O和160 g/L Na_3C_6H_5O_7·2H_2O。最优镀液组分条件下制备的镀层为非晶态结构,镀层表面胞状颗粒均匀致密。镀层中Ni、Sn、Mn的质量分数分别为68.59%、21.57%、9.84%。与Ni-Sn镀层相比,Ni-Sn-Mn镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的自腐蚀电位(-0.346 V)更正,自腐蚀电流密度(2.816×10~(-8) A/cm~2)更低,电荷转移电阻(12 580Ω·cm~2)更大,耐蚀性更好。     

42CrMo钢Ni-W-P三元化学镀层耐蚀性研究

在42CrMo钢Ni-W-P三元合金镀液配方基础上,通过控制施镀温度、装载比、热处理条件来获得不同的镀层,研究其在5％的NaC1溶液及5％的H2SO4溶液中的腐蚀情况.结果表明,在施镀温度85℃、装载比0.64 dm2/L时所得的镀层耐盐和酸溶液腐蚀性好,较基体分别提高了6.75倍和576.78倍.热处理过后的镀层耐蚀性有所下降.     

碳钢管内表面化学镀Ni-P耐蚀层的研究

为了在Q235钢管内表面制备Ni-P化学镀层,以提高普通碳钢管道的耐蚀性,通过正交试验研究化学镀的镀液配方,并检测镀层的化学成分及其在盐水中的耐蚀性。研究表明:Q235钢管内表面制得的Ni-P化学镀层最佳配方为硫酸镍7.6×10~(-2)mol/L,次亚磷酸钠0.17 mol/L,柠檬酸钠3.4×10~(-2)mol/L,硫脲1.32×10~(-5)mol/L;镀层沉积速率为25.4μm/h,镀层硬度为747 HV;镀层中Fe、Ni和P元素的质量百分比分别为0.89%、85.63%和13.48%;在3.5%的NaCl溶液中镀层的自腐蚀电位为-0.62 V(SCE),自腐蚀电流密度为5.82×10~(-6)A/cm~2,比Q235钢的自腐蚀电流密度降低了98.1%。     

光亮剂对化学镀镍磷工艺及其镀层性能的影响

研制开发了一种新型的化学镀镍光亮剂。试验结果表明，光亮剂在化学镀镍过程中没有参与反应，却对磷的沉积起到了积极的催化作用，显著地提高了镀层中的磷含量；当光亮剂的加入量达到5～6mL/L时，镀层中的磷含量可提高到35.63%～39.03%，同时可得到全光亮的镍-磷合金镀层，有效地改善了镀层的表面质量，且出光速度快，镀液稳定可靠。通过扫描电镜和X射线衍射对高磷镍-磷合金镀层的分析表明，镀层为非晶态结构。显微硬度，磨损率以及耐蚀性测试结果表明，镀态下镍-磷合金镀层的硬度，耐磨性和在10%盐酸中的耐蚀性随着光亮剂的增加而降低。     

快速化学镀 Ni-Zn-P 合金工艺及镀层性能

目的确定快速化学镀Ni-Zn-P合金的工艺。方法通过一系列实验,研究主盐含量、pH值、温度、时间等对镀层沉积速度及镀层锌镍比的影响,确定最优工艺条件。借助SEM,EDS,XRD及电化学方法分析镀层微观形貌、成分及耐蚀性。结果在ZnSO4·7H2O8 g/L,NiSO4·6H2O 35 g/L,NaH2PO2·H2O20 g/L,NH4Cl 50 g/L,C6H5Na3O7·2H2O 70 g/L,稳定剂1.5 mg/L,p H=9.0,温度90~95℃的条件下,化学镀Ni-Zn-P合金沉积速度为5~6μm/h,镀层中Zn质量分数为8%~10%,P质量分数为6%左右,Ni质量分数为80%~85%。Zn的存在使Ni呈现出晶态结构,在XRD谱图上2θ=45°及2θ=52°位置分别出现了Ni(111),Ni(200)衍射峰。施镀时间不会影响镀层成分,但会影响镀层耐蚀性。施镀1.5 h时,镀层厚度约为9~10μm,其耐蚀性略好于相同厚度的Ni-P镀层。结论 Ni-Zn-P化学镀沉积速度较快,8%~10%的Zn使镀层中Ni呈晶态结构,且改善了镀层耐蚀性。     

Ni-P-W-石墨复合镀层工艺及性能研究

研究了电流密度、电沉积时间、镀液中石墨含量、镀液中钨酸钠含量、阳极类型等因素对电沉积Ni-P-W-石墨复合镀层中石墨含量、镀速、外观的影响,确定了复合镀层的最佳工艺条件为:以Ni为阳极、电沉积时间为0.5h、镀液中石墨的含量是20g/L、镀液中钨酸钠的含量是10g/L、电流密度是2A/dm2.并对镀层的形貌、耐蚀性、抗氧化性进行了测定,结果表明:与Ni-P-W复合镀层相比,Ni-P-W-石墨复合镀层有良好的综合性能.     

镀液组分对高Sn含量Ni-Sn-P镀层组织和镀速的影响

为获得耐蚀性较好的NiSnP镀层及其最佳镀液配方,利用正交试验方法设计了9种不同的镀液组分,利用化学镀技术在L245低碳钢上镀制了高Sn含量的NiSnP三元镀层。采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对镀层的成分、结构以及镀速进行分析,并采用盐雾腐蚀实验评价镀层的耐蚀效果。结果表明： 高Sn含量的NiSnP镀层组织以非晶态结构为主,表面形态为典型的胞状结构。当乳酸和硫酸镍为较低浓度,氯化锡和柠檬酸钠为高浓度时,NiSnP镀层的形核率较高,镀层表面形貌较好。镀液中柠檬酸钠和硫酸镍对镀层的沉积过程有利,浓度越大,镀层沉积越快,而乳酸对镀层的沉积不利。35 g/L硫酸镍、35 g/L氯化锡、25 g/L柠檬酸钠和40 mL/L乳酸为最佳镀液组分,在该条件下获得的NiSnP镀层耐蚀效果最好。     

基于RSM-BBD的新型锡镍铜合金电镀添加剂的制备

目的 制备一种电镀锡镍铜合金添加剂,利用此种添加剂制得黑色、光亮并且综合性能良好的锡镍铜合金镀层.方法 基础镀液组成为:33.28 g/L氯化镍,29.33 g/L氯化锡,5 g/L硫酸铜,265 g/L焦磷酸钾,6 g/L L-半胱氨酸,20 mL/L乙二胺,40 g/L柠檬酸三铵.工艺条件为:pH=8.5,温度40℃,电流密度1.3 A/dm2,电镀时间5 min.以此基础镀液为基础,在单因素试验的基础上,应用响应曲面法设计三因素(糖精钠、1.4-丁炔二醇和硫脲)三水平试验,以镀层60°光泽度为响应值,通过回归分析,得到了各个因素参数对响应值的影响规律,并且通过优化分析得到了电镀添加剂的最佳配方.利用百格刀、维氏硬度计对最佳配方制备的镀层的附着力、表面硬度进行分析,用交流阻抗法研究添加剂对锡镍铜合金镀层耐蚀性的影响,利用SEM、EDS对表面形貌及成分进行分析.结果 经过响应面试验优选出的最佳添加剂配方为:0.4 g/L 1.4-丁炔二醇,3.5 g/L糖精钠,0.06 g/L硫脲.采用该添加剂配方,在上述基础镀液及工艺条件下,可获得镀层表面平整、光亮的枪黑色试片.该镀层的60°光泽度达到200 GU,附着力的ISO等级为1,ASTM等级为4B,维氏硬度为280.56HV1.0.通过电化学分析结果得知,镀层的耐腐蚀性良好.结论 复合添加剂可以制备出平整且光泽度较高的枪黑色镀层,且镀层结合力好,硬度以及耐腐蚀性都有明显的改善,可以满足工业要求.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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