INFLUENCE OF BORON ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED Ni_3Al

By means of nonstoichiometry,rapid solidification and adequate boron addition,the tensilestrength and bending resistance of Ni_3Al has been improved.When adding 0.52 to 1.37 at.-%B into Ni_3Al,which has the beneficial effect on the ductility.If boron addition is too high,there are coarse Ni_(23)B_6 particles and NiB_(12) phases found at the grain boundaries.Boronmodification in Ni_3Al promotes the ordering in the region near grain boundaries.The grainboundary of boron free Ni_3Al is a large angle one,but turns into a small angle grain bound-ary with sub-grains of dislocation characteristics when the boron content in Ni_3Al reaches1.37 at.-%.     

硼对快凝Ni3Al组织结构及力学性能的影响

本文通过快凝及加硼合金化的方法改善金属间化合物Ni_3Al的韧性。实验表明:加入0.5-1.4at.-％的硼对Ni_3Al的塑性提高最有利。结构分析表明:在含1.37at.-％硼的Ni_3Al中,硼以Ni_(23)B_6弥散相及晶界偏聚方式存在;当硼量增至2.22at.-％时,硼以粗大的Ni_(23)B_6及NiB_(12)相在晶界处析出。无硼的Ni_3Al晶界为大角度晶界;当硼加至1.37at.-％时,Ni_3Al晶界以位错排列成亚晶界,以小角晶界形式存在。     

EFFECT OF Zr,Cr AND B ADDITIVES ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Ni_3Al ALLOYS

The microstructure and the mechanical properties from room temperature up to 1050℃ ofNi_3Al alloys containing 0—0.6 at.-%Zr,0—7.7 at.-%Cr and 0—2.22 at.-%B have beenstudied.It was found that the temperature dependence of their yield strength variation revealsto be anomalous,i.e.the strength increases with the temperature raising,and then decreasestill it surpassed the peak value.Both Zr and Zr+Cr may improve the yield strength of the al-loys in the entire range of testing temperatures,as well as the tensile strength and elongationunder high temperatures.B is favourable to raise the tensile and yield strengths of the alloys,and also plasticity.But the strength will reduce as B added is over 2.22 at.-%.TheNi_(20)Al_3B_6 and Ni_3Al eutectic mixture like islands and globes precipitated inside the grainsand along the grain bounderies,which are harmful to the strength and ductility,may beformed when the B content exceeds the limit of solubility.     

TOUGHENING OF CAST Ni_3 Al-BASE ALLOYS

Investigation was made of the ductility and microstructure of a series of cast Ni_3Al-base al-loys,with 19—23 at.-% Al and other alloying elements.An obvious improvement onmorphology,distribution,amount and size of primary Ni_3Al(γ')intermetallic compound wasapproached by such alloying elements such as Hf,Ti and Zr,but no more by Nb,W and Ta.The formation of ductile γ'-γ-γ' boundaries in the alloys with refined primary γ'-phase caneliminate the weakened nature of brittle γ'-γ' boundaries,and reduce the size of primaryγ'-phase to tens of μm.Thus,the ductility of the alloys,especially at intermediate tempera-tures may be markedly improved.In addition,an alloy free from Cr is still significantlyductile,and only its structure is refined.The availability of Cr to improve the intermediatetemperature ductility seems to be due to the change of amount and distribution of γ-phase.     

STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF BORON CONTENT ON THE ORDERED EXTENT OF THE Ni_3Al INTERMETALLICS COMPOUND BY AP-FIM

1. IntroductionPolycrystalline Ni3AI materials, an intermetallic compound with the L12 ordered structure, have been studied extensively in the past few years becallse of their potential application at high temperature structural applications. The brittle intergranular fractures andthe dramatic ductilizing effect of small amounts boron in polycrystalline Ni3AI led on tostudy the structure and chemistry of grain boundary[1--3]. The intergranular fragility ofNisAI alloys has been explained by…     

Ni3Al中Al含量对硼韧化作用的影响

本文利用“有序—无序”模型对Ni_3Al中的点阵空位与成分的关系进行了计算,结果证明,当Al含量超过化学计量值时,Ni_2Al中有大量的点阵空位存在,称之非化学计量空位。正电子湮没技术证实了这种空位的存在。由此解释了Al含量对硼韧化作用的影响。     

INFLUENCE OF Al ON DUCTILITY IMPROVEMENT BY B IN Ni_3Al ALLOYS

The “order-disorder” model was adopted to calculate the lattice vacancies related to the com- position change in Ni_3Al alloys.A great deal of vacancies,i.e.,the non-stoichiometric vacan- cies,may exist in the Ni_3Al alloys containing Al over stoichiometry,i.e.25 at.-%.This was confirmed by the positron annihilation technique.Therefore,the influence of Al content on the enhancing behaviour of B towards the ductility of Ni_3Al alloys can be understood by the interaction of non-stoiehiometric vacancies and B atoms.     

Mn,B复合合金化对Ni3Al室温塑性的影响

本文通过宏合金化和微合金化结合的方法,进一步改善了Ni_3Al的室温塑性,在本实验条件下,按最佳硼合金化配制的Ni_3Al合金的室温拉伸延伸率为14%,而复合合金化得到的Ni_3Al则为35%。同时,实验结果还表明,只有Al当量含量(Mn%+Al%)小于化学计量值时,才能发挥复合合金化的优势。     

HOT CORROSION OF Ni_3Al-0.2B IN MOLTEN NaCl-(Na,K)_2SO_4

Hot corrosion of intermetallic compound Ni_3Al-0.2B was studied by electrochemicaltechniques combined with physical analyses.It was found that hot corrosion resistanceof Ni_3Al-0.2B is rather inferior.Sulfidation-oxidation is responsible for the acceleratedcorrosion.The addition of 6at.-% Cr and 0.5at.-% Zr to Ni_3Al-0.2B may accelerateits corrosion.     

Ni3Al—0.2B金属间化合物的熔盐热腐蚀

本文应用电化学方法及物相分析技术研究了Ni_3Al-0.2B金属间化合物在熔融NaCl-(Na,K)_2SO_4中的腐蚀.发现Ni_3Al-0.2B耐熔盐热腐蚀能力极差,硫化-氧化是腐蚀破坏的主要原因.Ni_3Al-0.2B中添加6at.-％Cr,0.5at.-％Zr加速了材料的腐蚀。     

YNi_5 PHASE AND ITS EFFECT UPON PROPERTIES OF Ni_3Al ALLOY

An additive of Y to Ni_3Al based alloy may form a phase YNi_5 which increases in amount withthe increase of Y content.It was found that the YNi_5 phase in Ni_3Al alloy could remarkablymake its grains finer and its grain boundaries more crooked other than straight.If the Y con-tent≥0.1 wt-%,it occurs as solid solution state and is favorable to high temperaturecompressive properties and oxidation resistance of the alloy.While Y≥0.3 wt-%,the forma-tion of YNi_5 is predominant in the shape of irregular strips inside Ni_3Al grains and alongtheir grain boundaries.This seems to be quite harmful to high temperature strength,ductilityand oxidation resistance of the alloy.     

Ni_3（Al，Zr）单晶循环变形行为的研究

通过对Ｎｉ_３（Ａｌ，Ｚｒ）单晶在室温下对称拉－压循环变形实验，发现存在拉－压流变应力的不对称性和循环应变硬化现象。应力不对称性随所加循环应变的增大而增大。循环应力响应曲线可分为循环硬化及循环饱和两个阶段。透射电子显微镜（ＴＥＭ）观察表明：疲劳试样中的超结构位错主要以超结构内禀堆垛层错（ＳＩＳＦ）形式存在，这种位错结构是产生应变硬化的主要原因。     

Ni3Al合金的滑移特征及形变过程的晶界行为

通过SEM动态拉伸形变试验,研究了具有各种化学成分和不同热处理态Ni_3Al合金的形变滑移特征,并用TEM观察了晶界区域的位错组态。研究结果表明,在含硼Ni_3Al合金的晶界附近存在一个过渡滑移区,该区域中滑移线重新取向或其它滑移系开动,从而产生了局部应变调节并使晶界应力集中松弛。硼降低了开动晶界位错源所需的应力并可能同时增加了位错源本身的数目。硼对Ni_3Al的韧化作用强烈受到基体Al含量、合金元素及热处理等因素的影响。     

SLIP FEATURE AND GRAIN BOUNDARY BEHAVIOURS OF Ni_3Al ALLOYS DURING DEFORMATION

The deformation behaviours of Ni_3Al alloys with various chemical compositions and subjectedto different heat treatments were in situ observed under SEM. Moreover,in situ observationsof slip trace were supplemented by the direct observation of dislocation arrangements underTEM.In B-doped Ni_3Al alloys it is shown that close to the grain boundary there exists a thinslip transition region,within which slip lines are reoriented or other slip systems are operatedto produce a local strain accommodation and to relax the stress concentration at grain bound-aries.Boron seems to lower the stress for dislocation generation from the grain boundaries orto ease the cross-slip close to the boundaries,and also to increase the number of dislocationsources.However,B-enhenced ductility is seriously affected by stoichiometry,the addition ofa tertiary alloy element and heat treatment,etc..     

两种含硼Ni3Al合金的微观组织与力学性能

本文研究了两种不同硼含量Ｎｉ３Ａｌ合金的微观组织、室温拉伸及高周疲劳性能，Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（０．６ａｔ．－％Ｂ）合金为单相组织，Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（１．０ａｔ．－％Ｂ）合金中除γ相外，还有微量共晶体，虽然Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（１．０Ｂ）的拉伸强度较Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（０．６Ｂ）的高，但在相同的循环应力水平下，后者的疲劳寿命显著高于前者的，疲劳断口观察表明两种合金的疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展行为各不相同。     

A Zr-RICH LOW MELTING POINT PHASE IN Ni_3Al ALLOY WITH Zr

A Zr-rich phase,Ni_5Zr,with low melting point has been fouhd in an Ni_3Al alloy doped withZr(1.2at.-%).It will cause the incipient melt of the alloy after being homogenized at 1300℃.This makes it difficult to homogenize the coarse casting structures completely and limits thefurther improvement of properties of the Ni_3Al alloy.     

LOCAL CHEMISTRY AND THE COHESIVE STRENGTH OF GRAIN BOUNDARIES IN Ni_3Al

ＬＯＣＡＬＣＨＥＭＩＳＴＲＹＡＮＤＴＨＥＣＯＨＥＳＩＶＥＳＴＲＥＮＧＴＨＯＦＧＲＡＩＮＢＯＵＮＤＡＲＩＥＳＩＮＮｉ_３ＡｌＳｈａｎｔｈｉＳｕｂｒａｍａｎｉａｎ；ＤａｖｉｄＭｕｌｌｅｒ；ＪｏｈｎＳｉｌｃｏｘａｎｄＳｔｅｐｈｅｎＬ．Ｓａｓｓ（Ｄｅｐａｒｔ?..     

Effect of minor Sc and Zr on microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg based alloys

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｌｕｍｉｎｕｍａｌｌｏｙｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇｍｉｎｏｒＳｃａｎｄＺｒｉｓａｎｅｗ ｇｒｏｕｐｏｆｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｈａｓｈｉｇｈｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ ,ｈｉｇｈｄｕｃｔｉｌｉｔｙ ,ｇｏｏｄｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅａｎｄｗｅｌｄａｂｉｌｉｔｙ[1～ 5] .Ｉｔｉｓｍａｉｎｌｙａｐｐｌｉｅｄｉｎａｅｒｏｓｐａｃｅ ,ｎｕｃｌｅａｒｅｎｅｒｇｙａｎｄｓｈｉｐｓｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ .Ｔｈｅｓｉ ｍｕｌｔａｎｅｏｕｓａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎｏｆＳｃ ,ＺｒｏｒＴ…     

Ni3Al晶界结构的计算机模拟

本文运用嵌入原子法势函数和静态弛豫最陡梯度的计算方法,模拟[100],[110]和[111]轴一系列具有不同晶界几何参量及化学成分的Ni_3Al对称倾侧晶界原子结构、晶界能和晶界的内聚能、电荷密度分布及应力场等内容,并着重研究和讨论了它们与硼偏聚,Ni_3Al的晶界韧脆行为,特别是硼韧化的化学计量效应之间的关系。     

Improvement in the ductility of molybdenum alloys due to grain boundary segregation

An improvement in the tensile ductility from the traditional 3–20% in 6.35-mm-thick molybdenum weldments has been achieved through the addition of Zr, Al, C and B at the ppm level. Atom probe tomography has revealed segregation of Zr, B and C to and depletion of O at the grain boundaries in the base metal and the heat affected zone.