基于带可变遗忘因子的GA和RLS的气体保护钎焊炉温度优化（英文）

在钎焊生产中,钎焊炉第三阶段加热温度具有大时滞和强时变特点,钎焊温度控制困难。为了优化钎焊温度,必须建立钎焊温度模型并对其进行优化。基于带可变遗忘因子的递推最小二乘法(RLS)研究了一阶时滞温度模型的在线参数辨识,得到了该模型的参数和延迟时间。基于遗传算法(GA),研究了温度目标函数的PID参数优化。结果表明:应用优化的目标函数可使得超调量、静态误差和上升时间等得到很好的控制。     

基于模拟退火算法的PID参数优化研究

为获得最优的PID控制器参数及探寻更好的PID整定方法,针对模拟退火算法(SAA)全局寻优能力、收敛性、鲁棒性强的特点,提出了一种基于SAA的PID参数优化方法。针对工业过程中的无时滞过程、小时滞过程、大时滞过程、高阶过程模型,分别将综合性能指标ITAE、ITSE、IAE、ISE作为目标函数,借助MATLAB的.m程序和Simulink进行PID参数优化研究,充分验证了基于模拟退火算法的PID参数优化方法的可行性和有效性;并将优化结果与Z-N法、C-C法、ISTE最优设定法三者的整定结果进行对比分析,结果也表明基于模拟退火算法的PID参数优化相对于传统常规方法具有显著的优越性。     

电子束钎焊接头温度计算机控制系统

研究了电子束钎焊接头温度高精度数字PID控制系统。为了在钎焊过程中使接头温度在所设定的钎焊温度下保持恒定,基于计算机控制及离散控制理论,建立了钎焊温度数字PID控制模型及控制器。通过开环和闭环阶跃响应确定电子束钎焊被控对象类型,在PID模型参数整定过程中比较了扩充临界比例度法及扩充响应曲线法的整定效果。为了得到最优PID参数,采用归一化方法对电子束钎焊数字PID控制器参数进行在线优化。为了进一步提高控制系统的动态性能,采用积分分离PID算法。结果表明,可以达到超调极小、不需调整时间的控制效果,温度控制准确度可达±2.5℃。     

基于遗传算法的板料成形回弹工艺参数优化研究

研究了基于遗传算法的回弹优化模型的建立过程.以压边力和凸凹模间隙为优化变量,以板料变薄量为约束条件,以确定的回弹角度为目标函数,以DYNAFORM为目标函数求解器,建立了板料成形回弹控制的优化模型和优化系统.得到了满足工艺要求的压边力和凸凹模间隙,实现了板料成形过程的工艺参数优化,为板料成形工艺参数的优化提供了一个有效的途径.     

基于人工神经网络技术的注塑成型工艺参数优化

研究了人工神经网络技术在注塑成型工艺参数优化中的应用,通过建立基于神经网络的压力、温度模型以及优化工艺参数的目标函数,实现了基于人工神经网络技术的注射成型工艺参数优化;并将其应用于华中科技大学模具国家重点实验室开发的注塑成型CAE系统HsCAE 3DRF中,取得了良好的效果。     

单层CBN砂轮感应钎焊温度的优选方法研究

现有研究中CBN砂轮的钎焊温度优选方法通常是从离散的温度序列中选择出某一温度为最佳温度,存在最佳温度不精确等缺陷。提出一种以钎焊温度为自变量、砂轮锋利度和砂轮寿命2个磨削性能指标为目标的数学评价模型,采用高频感应钎焊工艺制备多组CBN砂轮并用其开展TC4钛合金磨削试验,对试验数据进行三次样条插值,获得单层CBN砂轮钎焊温度评价函数,优选出单层CBN砂轮感应钎焊最佳温度为936.5 ℃。在恒定磨削用量条件下的磨削性能评价函数试验值相对其理论预测值偏高约3.4%,表明了该评价模型与钎焊温度优选方法的可靠性。      

基于Matlab/GUI的SMAW焊接工艺参数优化系统

以改进型遗传神经网络为基础,建立焊接变形预测模型,用于寻找焊接工艺参数和焊接变形之间的复杂非线性函数关系;再用该变形预测模型代替目标函数,建立以焊接工艺参数为优化变量、以横向收缩变形和角变形为优化目标的多目标优化模型。利用该多目标优化模型,在基于正交设计原理所构建的焊接工艺参数组合备选集中,优化得到符合条件的最优工艺参数组合。用Matlab语言和GUI技术开发了SMAW工艺参数优化系统,经实例验证,结果表明:本参数优化系统可有效应用于SMAW焊接工艺参数优化的工程实际中。     

档位齿轮预成形形状与工艺参数的复合型蜂群算法优化

为了降低档位齿轮的成形载荷并提高锻件的合格率,提出了基于电场法和复合型蜂群算法的预成形形状与工艺参数联合优化方法.基于电场法,得到了各闭合等势线对应的备选预成形形状,同时选择压机速度、摩擦因数、坯料温度等参数作为共同优化参数,以降低成形载荷和提高填充率为目标,建立了多目标优化模型.在人工蜂群算法中引入Metropoli...     

基于响应面汽车变速器螺旋伞齿轮精锻成形工艺优化

针对螺旋伞齿在精锻时齿形成形质量差、成形载荷过大等缺陷,以某汽车变速器螺旋伞齿轮为研究对象,建立了以坯料始锻温度、摩擦系数以及压力机速度为设计变量,以最大成形载荷和终锻填充率为目标函数的二次多项式响应面模型,结合数值模拟方法以及Matlab优化工具箱,得到了优化的成形工艺参数为:坯料初始温度1000℃、摩擦系数0.3和摩擦压力机的成形速度200 mm·s-1.最后基于优化后的工艺参数,通过工艺试验验证了该模型的有效性,试验获得的螺旋伞齿齿形饱满,设备成形载荷满足要求.     

基于响应面法的A357铝合金金属型铸造工艺优化

设计了铝合金金属型铸造过程预测模型,研究了工艺参数之间的相互作用对A357铝合金试样微观结构和铸造缺陷的影响,并建立多目标优化模型,得到工艺参数优化解。采用基于Box-Behnken的响应面法建立了试验设计并进行数值模拟。以浇注温度、模具温度和浇注时间为研究因素,以α-Al的等效粒径、平均形状因子和缩松体积为目标响应。采用NSGA-Ⅱ进行多目标优化得到工艺参数优化解,并以优化后的参数进行试验验证。结果表明,铸件的等效直径为298.69"m,平均形状因子为0.532,缩松情况得到改善。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis