磁场对铜在几种酸性溶液中阳极溶解的影响

研究了0～0.4T磁场对铜在中性和酸性含硫酸根溶液中阳极极化行为的影响.阳极极化曲线中的阳极电流峰和对应的电位随磁通量密度的增大而增大.增加溶液酸度会增加阳极极化曲线中电流密度-电位线性区的斜率、增大峰值电流密度,降低出现电流密度峰值的电位.外加磁场不影响中性溶液中阳极极化曲线中电流密度-电位线性区的斜率.磁场与溶液酸度对铜在高电位区的阳极溶解有协同加速作用.     

磁场对铁在不同电位高氯酸钠溶液中阳极溶解的影响

在不同磁场条件的0.1mol/L NaClO_4溶液中对铁阳极进行了动电位极化和恒电位极化,研究了磁场对铁阳极溶解的影响。结果表明:磁场使铁的开路电位正移,降低了极化曲线低电位区的电流密度,增大了高电位区的电流密度和阳极极化曲线线性段的斜率;恒电位极化时,低电位下磁场的作用与施加磁场的顺序有关,在高电位下磁场会增大电流密度,与动电位极化曲线的结果一致;磁场作用下高速溶解后铁电极表面出现月牙形局部腐蚀形貌。     

磁场对Cu/NaCl体系表观Tafel区阳极溶解的作用

采用线性电位扫描极化曲线测试 ,以及恒电位极化下磁场扰动法研究了磁场对铜在氯化钠溶液中阳极溶解的作用。在阳极表观 Tafel区 ,无磁场时恒电位极化然后外加磁场使阳极电流密度增大 ;有磁场时恒电位极化然后撤去磁场使阳极电流密度减小。磁场通过加速电极溶液界面的传质过程而加速阳极溶解。由于 Cu/ Na Cl与Fe/ H2 SO4体系阳极 Tafel区速率控制步骤不同 ,会导致不同的磁场效应作用     

磁场对Cu／NaCl体系表现Tafel区阳极溶解的作用

采用线性电位扫描化曲线测试,以及恒电位极化下磁场扰动法研究了磁场对铜在氯钠溶液中的阳极溶解的作用,在阳极表观Tafel区,无磁场时恒电位极然后外加磁场使阳极电流密度增大,有磁场时恒电位极化然后撤去磁场使阳极电流密度减小,磁场通过加速电极溶液界面的传质过程而加速阳极溶解,由于Cu/NaCl与Fe/H2SO4体系阳极Tefel区速率控制步骤不同,会导致不同的磁场效应作用。     

含重铬酸根硫酸溶液中磁场对铁自腐蚀状态及极化电阻 …

铁在含有一定浓度重铬酸根的硫酸中,自腐蚀状态下的阴极反应速率受重铬酸根阴极还原电子转移过程与扩散过程共同控制,外加磁场使铁的自腐蚀电位正移,且电位正移幅度随重铬酸根浓度增加而增大,在没有外加磁场时的自腐蚀电位下进行恒电位极化时,外加磁场后会出现阴极电流,磁致阴极电流随重铬酸根的浓度增大而显著增大,外加磁场会钤吸一定量重铬酸根的硫酸溶液中铁的极化电阻昱著下降,产场作用进行模型化,分析了磁场作用的动力     

磁场对铁在磷酸溶液中不同电位下阳极电流的影响

采用极化曲线和恒电位极化方法,研究了磁场对铁在0.5 mol/L H_3PO_4溶液中不同电位下阳极电流的影响。结果表明:0 T磁场下阳极极化曲线表现为典型的阳极溶解、溶解-钝化转变、稳态钝化和过钝化特征,0.4 T磁场下阳极极化曲线的活性溶解区范围扩大以至于没有出现钝化区;0 T磁场下极化后的铁电极表面相对均匀,而0.4 T磁场下极化后铁电极发生加速溶解,在其水平方向的两侧出现局部凹陷;在1.2～1.5 V高电位区间内铁电极表面产物膜向溶液的传质过程为阳极反应速率控制步骤时,施加磁场使得阳极电流密度显著增加,也加速了铁电极的局部溶解,施加或撤去磁场对析氧反应的影响不明显。     

含重铬酸根硫酸溶液中磁场对铁自腐蚀状态及极化电阻的影响

铁在含有一定浓度重铬酸根的硫酸中,自腐蚀状态下的阴极反应速率受重铬酸根阴极还原电子转移过程与扩散过程共同控制．外加磁场使铁的自腐蚀电位正移,且电位正移幅度随重铬酸根浓度增加而增大．在没有外加磁场时的自腐蚀电位下进行恒电位极化时,外加磁场后会出现阴极电流,磁致阴极电流随重铬酸根的浓度增大而显著增大．外加磁场会使含有一定量重铬酸根的硫酸溶液中铁的极化电阻显著下降．通过对磁场作用进行模型化,分析了磁场作用的动力学机理．磁场对阴极扩散过程的加速作用导致了自腐蚀电位正移及磁致阴极电流,而磁场引起自腐蚀电位的正移是引起极化电阻减小的主要原因．     

磁场对车轴钢在NaCl溶液中腐蚀速率及阳极电流密度的影响

采用极化曲线和恒电位极化的方法,研究了磁场对车轴钢在自然充气的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速率和阳极电流密度的影响。结果表明：磁场对较短浸泡周期内试样的腐蚀速率有显著的加速作用,而在较长时间浸泡周期内,磁场的影响减弱;磁场导致试样的自腐蚀电位正移,使得阳极极化曲线起始段的电流密度降低;在阳极极化曲线线性区间进行恒电位极化时,在较低电位下极化一段时间后电流密度能达到稳态,而在较高的电位下极化时电流密度先急增然后线性下降,外加磁场后阳极电流密度出现小幅增加,表明在该电位下极化时电极反应速率并非由带电离子离开电极表面的传质过程控制。     

磁场对两种浓度氯化钠溶液中铜阳极溶解的影响

采用线性电位扫描法研究了不同强度磁场对铜在两种浓度氯化钠溶液中阳极溶解的作用，在高阳极电位区间铜的阳极溶解表现出传控制的特征，且较高浓度氯离子对应较高阳极电流，0．1－0．4T笑 场增大高阳极电位区的电流密度，磁场作用系qmag随磁场强度（B）氯离子浓度增大而增大，qmag-B曲线拟合结果表明：介质为0.6mol/LNaCl时，磁场强度指数值在1．0－2．0之间，介质为4.0mol/LNaCl时，磁场强度指值小于1．0。     

磁场对铁在含氯离子的碳酸钠溶液中阳极过程的影响

通过动电位极化和恒电位极化的方法,研究了磁场对铁在含氯离子的Na_2CO_3溶液中阳极过程的影响。结果表明:磁场会降低极化曲线钝化区内的电流密度;较低扫描速率下磁场使极化曲线过钝化区内的电流密度增大,较高扫描速率下磁场使过钝化区高电位区间内的电流密度降低;在极化曲线钝化区较低电位区间内,磁场会使电流密度降低;在钝化区较高电位区间内,磁场对电流密度的影响不明显;磁场对过钝化区阳极反应的加速效应随极化电位的升高而减弱。     

磁场对铜在含三价铁离子硫酸溶液中的腐蚀行为的影响

采用电化学测量方法研究了磁场对铜在含三价铁离子硫酸溶液中自腐蚀以及阴极极化行为的作用,磁场不影响该体系的自腐蚀状态。磁场加速铜电极上三价铁离子的阴极扩散过程,随磁场强度增大,阴极极限扩散电流密度增大;磁场强度恒定时,磁场对三价铁离子阴极扩散的作用系数随三价铁离子浓度增加而增大;引起极限扩散电流密度明显增加的临界磁场强度随三价铁离子浓度增加而减小。由于铜与铁在含有三价铁离子的水溶液中的热力学稳定性不同,不同的自腐蚀电位下阴极反应的控制步骤类型不同而导致磁场作用不同。     

Probing into the effects of a magnetic field on the electrode processes of iron in sulphuric acid solutions with dichromate based on the fundamental electrochemistry kinetics

The effects of an applied magnetic field on the electrode processes of iron in sulphuric acid solutions with dichromate have been investigated by electrochemical measurements. Open circuit potentials, cathodic and anodic polarisation curves, values of polarisation resistance were measured in the presence or absence of a 0.4 T horizontal magnetic field (HMF). A potentiostatic polarisation plus magnetic field perturbation technique was used to study the effect of the magnetic field on open circuit corrosion. Cathodic reaction rates at open circuit potentials for iron in sulphuric acid solutions containing dichromate ions are controlled by both the electron-transfer process and the diffusion process. A magnetic field made the open circuit potential move in the positive direction, and changes of the open circuit potentials due to the magnetic field increase with increasing dichromate concentration. When iron was potentiostatically polarised at open circuit potentials in the absence of a magnetic field, a cathodic current was observed after a magnetic field was imposed. Such cathodic currents induced by the magnetic field increases with increasing dichromate concentration. The positive shifts of open circuit potential, the decrease of polarisation resistance, and the occurrence of cathodic currents induced by the magnetic field are caused by the accelerating effect of magnetic field on the cathodic diffusion process. Measured current densities showed lower, equal, or higher values in the presence of the magnetic field than those in the absence of a magnetic field at certain anodic potentials. This effect of the magnetic field is related to the contribution of the cathodic and anodic reactions to the measured current and the types of rate-determining steps for each reaction at certain potentials. The applied magnetic field significantly decreased the polarisation resistance. The experimental results in this paper are formulated based on the fundamental electrochemistry kinetics after introducing a coefficient term of the magnetic field effect on the mass transfer process of reactive ions.     

磁场作用下铁在盐酸和氯化钠溶液中自腐蚀状态的变化

采用自腐蚀电位测量及恒电位极化法研究了磁场对铁在酸性与中性氯化的溶液中自腐蚀状态的作用。外加磁场使自腐蚀电位正移，撤去磁场使自腐蚀电位负移，没有磁场时在自腐蚀电位下极化然后外加磁场会导致磁致阴极电流；有磁场时自腐蚀电位下极化然后撤去磁场会导致磁致阳极电流。酸性溶液体系的磁致阴极电流值明显大于中性溶液体系，表现出磁场主要通过作用于析氢反应而影响自腐蚀状态。     

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of X80 pipeline steel in a near‐neutral pH solution

In this work, the electrochemical corrosion behavior of X80 pipeline steel was investigated in a near‐neutral pH solution using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIC) and photo‐electrochemical (PEC) measurements as well as X‐ray photo‐electron spectroscopy (XPS) technique. The effects of hydrogen‐charging and stress were considered. The results show that the steel is in an active dissolution state, and a layer of corrosion product is formed and deposited on the electrode surface, which is subjected to further oxidation to form ferric oxide and hydroxide. Photo‐illumination enhances anodic dissolution of the steel when it is under anodic polarization due to destroying of the corrosion product film. When the steel is under cathodic polarization, the cathodic current density decreases upon laser illumination due to the photo‐oxidation of hydrogen atoms generated during cathodic reactions, which behaves as an anodic reaction to offset the cathodic current density. Hydrogen‐charging and stress decrease the corrosion resistance of the steel and enhance the dissolution rate of the steel.     

pH值和氯离子浓度对铁在酸溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为的影响

发展了一种根据弱极化区的单支极化曲线确定腐蚀电流密度Ⅰ_(corr)和阳极反应与阴极反应的Tafel斜率b_a与b_c的方法。利用这种方法研究了溶液pH值与Cl~-浓度对铁在酸溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为的影响,并用强极化区的实验数据进行了校验。结果表明,OH~-和Cl~-都参与了铁的阳极溶解过程,反应级数分别为1和0.5;b_a和b_c分别为40mV和120mV。提出了一个铁在含Cl~-的酸中阳极溶解反应的动力学模型。实验结果还证明,在pH值与Cl~-浓度两者对E_(corr)和Ⅰ_(corr)的影响之间并无交互效应。     

X70管线钢在近中性及高pH值溶液中的电化学行为和SCC敏感性

采用动电位极化曲线测试法研究了温度、通气条件和pH值对X70管线钢在NS4溶液和0.5 mol/LNa2CO3 1 mol/L NaHCO3溶液中的电化学极化行为的影响,并用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)研究了X70管线钢在这些溶液中的应力腐蚀破裂(SCC)敏感性。结果表明,X70管线钢在NS4溶液中不出现活化—钝化转变区,随外加电位负移,SCC敏感性增加,表现出氢致破裂(HIC)的特征;在0.5 mol/L Na2CO3 1 mol/L NaHCO3高pH值溶液中出现活化—钝化转变区,在阴极极化区,也表现出氢致破裂(HIC)的特征,但在阳极极化区,发生的是阳极溶解型应力腐蚀破裂(ADSCC)。     

A correlation between phosphorous impurity in stainless steel and a second anodic current maximum in H2SO4

Phosphorous as a minor element (0.03%) in AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel greatly affects the polarization and corrosion behavior in sulfuric acid solution. The presence of P in stainless steel created a second current maximum in the anodic polarization curve and the current increased with increasing aging in the solution. An adhesive corrosion surface layer, rich with phosphate, formed on the surface of a P-containing steel during active dissolution. The layer lowered the cathodic Tafel slope at low current densities, and is likely, due to a change in hydrogen evolution mechanism. Phosphorous increases the H-adsorbed (and/or absorbed) atoms on the surface, leading to the appearance of a second anodic current peak that is interpreted as re-oxidation of hydrogen atoms. Also, P shifted the corrosion potential to the noble side, decreased effectively the active anodic dissolution, and lowered the corrosion rate.     

磁场和CI~-对铁在中性Na_2SO_4溶液中阳极极化行为的影响

用动电位扫描法研究了外加磁场及Cl~-对铁在中性0.5mol/LNa_2SO_4溶液中阳极极化行为的影响。结果表明:有、无磁场下铁在含Cl~-的Na_2SO_4溶液中的阳极极化曲线都呈现活化-钝化-过钝化特征,虽然Cl~-会阻碍钝化膜的形成过程;外加磁场使E_p和E_F正移并增大i_(max)和i_(min),使钝化区范围缩小。Cl~-与磁场同时存在时对钝化膜的破坏有协同作用。