TiAl／TiB2复合材料高温氧化膜的结构和形成机制

利用XRD，SEM，EDS及TEM对TiAl／TiB2复合材料在静止空气中高温氧化后的氧化膜结构及其形成机制进行了研究。结果表明：TiAl／TiB2复合材料的氧化膜主要由TiO2外层与由TiO2和Al2O3混合内层构成。TiO2和Al2O3混合内层为孔洞较多的疏松状结构。TiO2外层亦可分为内外两层，TiO2的内层部分存在一些与TiB2的轮廓相似的“孔洞”，TiO2的外层部分没有此类孔洞。由于TiAl／TiB2复合材料中的TiB2被氧化后生成的B2O3在高温下蒸发掉，使氧化膜中TiB2所处的位置留下了孔洞。因此，氧化膜中的部分孔洞是由于TiB2被氧化后产生的；氧化温度达到1000℃时，TiAl／TiB2复合材料中的TiB2使氧化膜中的孔洞数量增加，复合材料的抗氧化性能急剧下降。     

TiAl合金激光熔覆复合材料涂层的高温抗氧化性能研究

利用预涂NiCr-Cr3C2复合粉末对γ-TiAl合金（简称TiAl合金）进行激光熔覆处理，制得了以Cr7C3、TiC硬质相为耐磨增强相，以γ-NiCrAl镍基固溶体为基体的复合材料涂层，研究了原始TiAl合金和激光熔覆涂层的高温（1000℃）恒温氧化性能。结果表明：激光熔覆复合材料涂层在1000℃恒温氧化条件下具有较好的抗氧化性能，氧化层结构较连续致密，在组成上主要由Al2O3、Cr2O3和TiO2组成，原始TiAl合金的高温氧化产物表层主要由脆性疏松的TiO2组成，而亚表层则为（TiO2＋α—Al2O3）的混合氧化物，表现出较差的高温抗氧化性能。     

Ni-Cr-Al纳米晶合金在1000℃的高温氧化行为

研究了纳米晶Ni-Cr-Al合金的高温氧化行为，发现与 铸态合金不同，随成分不同纳米晶合金在1000℃氧化时，氧化物可分为四个区：A单一Al2O3区；B复杂氧化膜含一连续Al2O3内层区； C复杂氧化膜含内氧化物区；D Al2O3和NiAl2O4共生区.纳米晶化明显扩展了Al2O3生成区的成份范围.     

Cr3C2/Ni3Al复合材料的高温稳定性

通过对Cr3C2/Ni3Al复合材料在1000℃进行长期时效和氧化实验,分别考察了该材料的高温相稳定性和化学稳定性.结果表明,经1000℃长期时效后,Cr3C2/Ni3Al复合材料中的Cr3C2强化相保持稳定,而基体中则析出一定量的γ相,该相的析出强化了Ni3Al基体,从而使得复合材料的硬度得到进一步提高.Cr3C2/Ni3Al复合材料具有优良的高温抗氧化性能,其表面形成以α-Al2O3为主的致密氧化膜,在空气中的氧化速率仅为Ni3Al合金的1/2.分析认为,Cr3C2在堆焊过程中发生溶解,导致部分Cr固溶于Ni3Al合金基体中,促进了α-Al2O3的形成,从而改善了复合材料的抗氧化性.Cr3C2具有良好的高温化学稳定性并与Ni3Al基体有较好的氧化协同性,从而可得到基体有力支撑以发挥抵抗磨损的作用.优良的高温稳定性使得Cr3C2/Ni3Al复合材料适于在1000℃的高温环境下长期服役.     

多弧离子镀Cr_2O_3涂层对γ-TiAl抗氧化性能的影响

用多弧离子镀技术在γ-TiAl金属间化合物表面制备了Cr2O3涂层,用SEM/EDX线扫描分析等手段研究了该涂层在900℃下的循环氧化行为.结果表明,γ-TiAl表面沉积Cr2O3涂层后,明显提高了γ-TiAl的抗循环氧化能力;在氧化过程中TiAl/Cr2O3界面处的低氧压促进了Al的选择性氧化,在TiAl一侧生成了一层富Al氧化物,该层富Al氧化物较好地阻止了TiAl中Ti的外扩散,从而抑制了TiO2的生长.     

等离子喷涂 NiCoCrAlY / Al2 O3 涂层的制备及摩擦性能研究

目的制备等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3高温固体润滑耐磨涂层,并研究该涂层的摩擦性能和磨损机理。方法采用喷雾造粒、化工冶金包覆和固相合金化技术制备NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合粉体,用等离子喷涂技术在45#钢表面制备NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层。用SEM和XRD等手段分析粉体和涂层的显微结构和物相组成,研究涂层从室温到800℃的摩擦磨损性能,探讨NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层在室温和高温下的磨损机理。结果 Al2O3颗粒表面均匀包覆着一层致密的NiCoCrAlY合金,包覆层厚度大约为3~5μm;等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层呈典型的层状结构,涂层各层间结合良好,涂层中孔隙率约为2.84%,主晶相为Ni Cr Al合金相和Al2O3相。涂层的摩擦系数随温度的升高逐渐降低,在室温下约为0.64,800℃时在0.4以下。高温下,金属氧化物的形成是摩擦系数降低的主要原因。涂层的磨损率随温度的升高先升高后降低。涂层在低温下为脆性断裂和磨粒磨损,高温下为氧化磨损、磨粒磨损、塑性变形和金属氧化物的转移。结论等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层是一种性能优良的高温固体润滑耐磨涂层。     

Cu/Al2O3(Cr2O3)复合材料的耐磨损性能

研究了不同工艺制备的Cu/Al2O3(Cr2O3)复合材料的耐磨损性能,结果表明:Cu/Al2O3(Cr2O3)复合材料的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主.Cu/Al2O3复合材料的耐磨损性能要优于同样条件下制备的Cu/Cr2O3复合材料.当Al或Cr与Cu形成预合金后而进行原位氧化合成的Cu/Al2O3(Cr2O3)复合材料的耐磨性优于当未形成预合金粉末原位氧化合成的Cu/Al2O3(Cr2O3)复合材料的耐磨性.     

Al2O3/TiAl复合材料的高温氧化行为

用氧化增重法研究了57.46Ti-36.78Al-5.76TiO2(质量分数,％)体系添加Nb2O5,后的合成产物在850℃空气中的断续氧化行为,并借助XRD分析剥落的氧化皮的相组成.结果表明,氧化样品的初始氧化动力学符合线性规律,断续氧化动力学遵从抛物线规律.氧化皮由TiO2、Al2O3及Nb2O5相组成.适量Nb2O5的加入,高温氧化形成的Nb2O5和Al2O3的复合氧化物层阻碍了Ti元素的扩散.同时α2相的存在增加了Al2O3,的稳定性,降低了氧化速率.过量Nb2O5的加入,使NbAl3相高温氧化形成富Nb2O5相,造成氧化膜结构疏松,氧化膜脱落.     

阴极离子镀TiAlSiN涂层高温摩擦与磨损性能

采用阴极离子镀在H13钢表面制备了TiAlSiN涂层,通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜分析了涂层表面-界面形貌、物相和三维表面微观形貌。利用EDS面扫描分析了磨痕表面化学元素分布,讨论了高温对涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,TiAlSiN涂层表面主要元素由Ti、Al、Si和N组成,主要物相为(Ti,Al)N,未发现Si3N4相;高温氧化后生成的致密氧化膜Al2O3提高了涂层高温抗氧化性,Si O2降低了涂层表面摩擦因数,结构疏松的Ti O2易导致涂层破裂和剥落;TiAlSiN涂层表面粗糙度高于基体表面粗糙度,磨痕表面Ti和Al元素出现贫集区,表明涂层被磨穿;在700、800和900℃下,涂层表面摩擦因数均在0.3左右,在700℃时磨损机制主要为氧化磨损和粘着磨损,在800℃和900℃时主要为氧化磨损,伴随着少量粘着磨损和磨粒磨损。     

Al和Co对K4169合金950℃高温氧化行为的影响

利用热重分析法、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱分析研究了Al和Co含量对K4169高温合金950℃高温氧化行为的影响,结果表明:合金氧化动力学符合抛物线规律;添加Al和Co的合金氧化产物颗粒比原始成分合金的细小;Al含量的增加增强了合金的高温抗氧化能力,而Co含量的增加降低了合金的高温抗氧化性能。当Al含量为1.45 wt%、Co含量为0.3 wt%时,合金的高温抗氧化性能最好,而原始成分合金的高温抗氧化性能最差。不同Al、Co含量K4169合金氧化膜都分为3层:外层主要是疏松的Cr2O3和TiO2的混合层,还含有少量的NiO和NiCr2O4尖晶石相;中间层是Cr2O3保护层;内氧化物层是Al2O3。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis