薄壁零件装夹方案设计与优化

针对薄壁零件刚性差,制造过程中在夹具夹紧力和切削力的作用下,容易产生加工变形,严重影响加工精度和表面质量等问题,分析和阐述了提高薄壁零件加工精度的装夹设计方法.研究了基于遗传算法和有限元方法的薄壁零件夹具布局和夹紧力的同步优化设计方法,以一壳体薄壁零件为例,进行了其夹具的装夹方案设计以及夹具布局和夹紧力的同步优化.结果表明该优化方法可以有效地降低由于装夹不当所引起的工件变形程度, 提高工件的加工精度.     

薄壁套磨削夹具

在组合机床加工中,经常遇到各种固定套、导套之类的薄壁套加工问题。尤其是精磨时,常因装卡变形,造成工件成批报废,给工作带来很大困难。我们制造了一种简单磨内孔的夹具(见图),它只有4种零件组成,解决了装夹变形问题。夹具体1装夹在磨床卡盘上,定位预紧螺栓2只能作轻微定位用,不能起夹紧作用,调好后要用背帽固     

真空吸附铣削夹具的设计及其应用

工件变形是影响薄板零件加工精度的主要问题。采用高速铣削加工可减小切削力、切削热、切削振动等产生的工件变形;利用真空吸附铣削夹具装夹工件,使其受到均匀分布的夹紧力,可大大减小因夹紧力造成的工件变形,提高零件的加工精度和表面粗糙度。在介绍真空吸附夹具结构设计与工作原理的基础上,重点阐述薄板零件高速铣削加工真空吸附夹具的设计要点及其应用。     

加工阀盖孔用钻镗两用夹具

生产中等批量阀盖孔时,传统方法是采用钻、镗两套夹具进行加工,增加了设计量,并且工件重新装夹有重复定位误差。针对这一问题,设计一套夹具就能完成以上两种夹具的工作,并采用UGNX70进行钻镗两用夹具的模拟装配。结果表明:该夹具既可以在钻床上使用,又可以在镗床上使用,只需更换钻套或镗套,工件无需重新装夹,降低了夹具设计成本,保证了工件的加工精度,提高了劳动生产率。     

精密阀芯径向孔钻床夹具设计

针对某精密阀芯外圆表面径向孔尺寸和位置精度高、加工质量不稳定的情况,设计一种采用V形槽反装定位、偏心轮装置快速夹紧的专用钻床夹具。详细分析了径向孔加工钻床夹具的定位和夹紧方案,计算出定位元件关键尺寸,阐述夹紧装置的原理和工作过程。经夹具精度分析与验算,发现所设计的夹具完全能满足精密阀芯径向钻孔的高精度要求。该夹具操作简便、适应性强、工件加工质量稳定,为机械行业销轴类零件高精度径向孔钻床夹具的设计提供了参考。     

门五金件孔槽数控加工的夹具设计方法研究

针对门五金件孔槽数控加工时多次装夹、多工序、多工位以及加工精度差、效率低等问题,从门五金件孔槽的结构特点及数控加工原理出发,分析门五金件孔槽数控加工机床夹具设计要求,提出一种新的门五金件孔槽数控加工夹具设计方法。该夹具系统能够实现木门全自动定位夹紧,且一次装夹可完成门五金件孔槽数控加工。该方法提高了加工精度、生产效率,对实现门五金件孔槽数控加工的规模化具有重要意义。     

一种联轴器加工用三爪卡盘设计

三爪卡盘是机床上用来夹紧工件的机械装置,其利用均布在卡盘体上的活动卡爪的径向移动,对工件进行夹紧和定位。但是在对联轴器装夹和加工时,由于联轴器的轴孔加工精度要高于外圆面的加工精度,因此采用三爪卡盘对联轴器的外圆面进行装夹不利于联轴器的高精度加工。为提高联轴器加工精度,提供一种结构简单、操作方便的联轴器加工用三爪卡盘,能够将联轴器稳定、精确的进行定位和固定,从而保证加工产品具有较高的加工精度。     

基于NX Nastran的缸体加工中心夹具夹紧杆的疲劳分析与优化设计

加工中心要在发动机缸体上加工出质量合格的型孔,缸体必须通过夹具可靠固定,夹具上各固定元件的有效性,直接影响工件的加工质量和设备利用率。利用计算机辅助设计软件UG与Nastran对缸体OP10-30数控加工中心频繁断裂的夹具夹紧杆进行应力分析和疲劳分析,并以此优化夹紧杆结构,延长夹紧杆使用寿命,减少工件因装夹不牢固造成加工震纹而报废的数量。     

发动机端盖类零件工艺装备设计与数控加工

传统端盖零件加工需要采用车床、钻床、铣床等多种设备,多次装夹存在重复定位误差、工作量较大等问题。针对端盖零件的加工问题,设计一套专用气动工艺装备,实现端盖零件一次装夹完成孔、螺纹的加工,该工艺装备采用气动夹紧装置,夹紧力可调,采用三点可调支撑调整工件平面度,通过径向定位装置准确定位工件初始角度,保证加工孔位置精度。通过NX UG 10.0软件编写数控加工工艺,利用立式加工中心完成端盖零件的数控加工。生产实践表明:该工艺装备实现了工件的快速装卸、大批量自动化生产,加工精度稳定且符合生产技术要求,生产效率明显提高,取得较好的经济效率。     

转向架轴箱专用机床及夹具设计

对转向架轴箱的加工方案进行分析,设计钻孔专用机床。为了实现转架轴箱体一次装夹完成4-12 mm孔的加工,设计一套液压专用自动夹具。实践证明:该夹具结构简单,操作方便,加工过程中实现了对工件的快速定位装夹,提高了生产效率。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis